Vie Heureuse

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Christina Parmionova

This is souls i remember...

Viajes Empresariales

4. Soyez disponible pour aider les autres

6. Soyez bien avec différents genres de personnes

15.Soyez indulgent envers vous-même, quelquefois.

18. En conclusion, ne soyez pas un Séraphin.

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Case study research on illegal orchid trade for the present report was carried out to shed light on distinct types of organized criminal activity in this sector and to address concerns about “plant blindness” in discourse about wildlife crime. Orchids are particularly suited to becoming collectables. There are over 29,000 recognized species found across the globe, with around 500 new species described annually in recent years. Their variety is seemingly infinite as natural stocks can be cross-bred with over 125,000 named hybrids already in catalogue. Some wild species are endemic to a very small geographic area while the conservation status of most species is poorly documented. The legal ornamental orchid trade in live plants and cut flowers is dominated by mass-produced hybrids of a small number of genera such as Phalaenopsis, Vanda and Dendrobium. However, despite the widespread availability of artificially propagated orchids, thousands of wild orchids are still collected for trade, often driven by specialist international hobbyists looking for new species. The desire to be the first to possess a rare and beautiful wild orchid can push prices into the thousands of dollars for a single specimen. Dedicated collectors may even travel to remote areas for the sole purpose of prospecting for yet undiscovered species.

Case study research on illegal orchid trade.

Christina Parmionova

Globally, most interventions to reduce wildlife crime are likely managed and resourced from within individual government budgets. This includes financing ranger, police, customs, and criminal justice functions. There is limited available data to quantify such investments, in part because they are typically embedded within budget allocations, such as an annual allocation for policing or customs controls. It is also important to recognize that there is likely considerable variability at a national level in terms of the adequacy of these allocations. Funding to address wildlife crime is also provided by multilateral, national and private donor institutions. While it is not possible to assess how the level of such international donor funding compares to the financial resources spent by national governments to tackle illegal wildlife trade, useful information is available on where and how it is allocated. A World Bank survey of multilateral and bilateral donor agencies, foundations, United Nations programmes and international non-governmental organizations found that over $1.3 billion had been committed between January 2010 and June 2016 to combat illegal wildlife trade in Africa and Asia, approximately $190 million per year. Donor funding was allocated to projects in 60 different countries and to various regional/multi-country and global projects. In total, 63 per cent of the funds were committed to Africa ($833 million), 29 per cent to Asia ($381 million), 6 per cent to global programmes and initiatives ($81 million), and 2 per cent to projects covering both Africa and Asia ($35 million). The top five recipient countries accounting for $328 million were: United Republic of Tanzania (8 per cent), Democratic Republic of the Congo (5 per cent), Mozambique (5 per cent), Gabon (3 per cent), and Bangladesh (3 per cent).

What works to decrease the wildlife crime?

Christina Parmionova

The driving forces behind wildlife crime are a complex interplay of motivations and influences, from economic incentives to socio-cultural dynamics. This chapter attempts to shed light on the diverse drivers shaping the patterns & trends of criminality connected with wildlife trafficking. Better understanding of these factors can inform the design and refinement of remedial interventions. The approach taken is to consider motivations and influences at three stages of the trade chain: drivers of sourcing, drivers of illegal trading and drivers of demand in end markets. The following three sections of this chapter are structured to take stock of evidence about factors driving participation in crime at each of these stages

What is driving wildlife crime patterns and trends?

Christina Parmionova

The most prominent environmental harm caused by wildlife crime and related illegal wildlife trade is degradation of the world’s biological diversity through overexploitation, resulting in population reduction and extinction threats to wild species. Species diversity is a critical aspect of the functioning ecosystems that support all life on earth. The threat of species overexploitation was identified as the second most significant driver of global biodiversity loss after landuse change by the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). Concern about overexploitation motivates much of the national legislation affecting wildlife trade worldwide and it is the rationale for the international trade regulation measures now subscribed to by 184 states that are contracting Parties to CITES.

The impact and warm of wildlife crime - 2024 World Wildlife Crime Report.

Christina Parmionova

Wildlife trafficking impacts a very wide range of species of wild animals, plants and fungi, traded locally for domestic use and to international markets. It encompasses a diverse range of commodities, including those used for food, medicine, construction, adornment, display and keeping as live specimens. It includes trafficking in contravention of laws governing large volume and high value natural resource trade sectors, such as those producing timber and fisheries goods. Although sometimes perceived as somehow distinct from other wildlife trade sectors, most food fisheries still come from wild sources, and most timber comes from natural forests rather than plantations, including from illegal sources (Box 2.1). In practice, most of the analysis in this and previous editions of the World Wildlife Crime Report focuses on the trafficking of species subject to trade regulation under CITES.

Characterizing wildlife trafficking and associated crime.

Christina Parmionova

World Wildlife Crime Report 2024 - Introduction

Christina Parmionova

- KEY MESSAGES - 1.Wildlife trafficking persists worldwide despite two decades of concerted action at international and national levels—more rapid and measurable progress could be achieved if interventions were informed by stronger scientific evidence. 2. With thousands of wildlife species affected and a diverse range of distinct markets driving multiple environmental and societal harms, interventions to reduce wildlife trafficking need to be prioritized and more strategic. 3. Corruption undermines regulation and enforcement while technology accelerates the capacity of traffickers to reach global markets—criminal justice responses should be modernized, strengthened and harmonized from source to end markets. 4. Wildlife crime is interconnected with the activities of large and powerful organized crime groups operating in some of the most fragile and diverse ecosystems from the Amazon to the Golden Triangle— addressing wildlife trafficking in these circumstances requires a broader strategy to address organized crime as a whole. Summary, conclusions, and policy implications

Launch of the third World Wildlife Crime Report.

Christina Parmionova

The 2024 World Wildlife Crime Report tracks all these issues, trends and more...

Christina Parmionova

Having products that are safe, and whose performance has been assessed and conditions of use specified (taking into account progress in knowledge, diversity and any specific aspects of crop situations) is a major issue for farmers, consumers, industry and the environment. The use of plant protection products may cause direct or indirect risks to humans, whether this be the user or the general population, as well as to ecosystems. Assessing pesticides before they can be placed on the market, and monitoring them post-authorisation, are vital to public and environmental health.

Up to 40% of food crops are lost to plant pests and diseases annually.

Christina Parmionova

Plants make up 80% of the food we eat and produce 98% of the oxygen we breathe.

Christina Parmionova

The annual value of trade in agricultural products has grown almost three-fol...

Christina Parmionova

FAO estimates that agricultural production must rise about 60% by 2050 in ord...

Christina Parmionova

Pests such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, nematodes, insects and mites can harm...

Christina Parmionova

Rising temperatures also mean that more plant pests are appearing earlier and...

Christina Parmionova

Plants make up 80% of the food we eat and produce 98% of the oxygen we breathe.

Christina Parmionova

observance of the International Day of Plant Health 2024

Christina Parmionova

Plant health, safe trade and digital technology.

Christina Parmionova

Healthy plants constitute the foundation for all life on Earth, as well as ecosystem functions, food security and nutrition. The topics are: 1) E-commerce: Managing pest risks in the postal pathway. 2) Experiences of Digitizing official Inspection and Certification Systems to enhance SPS compliance for Horticulture exports in Uganda; 3) Going paperless: Moving to digital phytosanitary certificates for safer trade; 4) Sea containers as pathways for pests and IPPC’s work to prevent pest spread and 5) Questions and answers. Plant health is key to the sustainable development of agriculture required to feed a growing global population by 2050

"Plant health, safe trade and digital technology." International Day of Plant...

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International Day of Plants Health 2024, May 12th.

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Interntional Day of Plant Healh - toolkit & Guide.

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