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Investigación y Desarrollo de Tecnologías para la  Eficiencia Energética y Energía Renovable  Aplicadas al Sector Agrícola y Agro-alimentario Carlos M. Monreal  Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada - AAFC Ottawa, Canada Seminario Internacional - Seguridad y eficiencia energ é tica:  Un aporte cientifico para la generacion de politicas publicas La Serena, Chile - Abril 17, 2008
Canadian Energy Supply ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],6 % 11 % Agriculture and Agri-Food   Canada Agriculture et  Agroalimentaire Canada Renewables & Hydro,  17 % - 30 % of world oil reserves Oil,  32 %
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Agriculture and Agri-Food   Canada Agriculture et  Agroalimentaire Canada Canada’s Green Advantage
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Renewable Energy Policy  Drivers Agriculture and Agri-Food   Canada Agriculture et  Agroalimentaire Canada
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Why is Canada Interested in a  Bio-based Economy? Agriculture and Agri-Food   Canada Agriculture et  Agroalimentaire Canada
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Renewable Energy Policy  Drivers Agriculture and Agri-Food   Canada Agriculture et  Agroalimentaire Canada
PERD -Reducing the Use of Fossil Fuel Sources - Food production ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Biodiesel in Agricultural Tractors   Zero-tillage CO 2  emissions (kg/ha) 5 15 25 Diesel B20 B50 B100
PERD - Reducing the Use of Fossil Fuel - Food processing Increasing leafy vegetable stability during storage and distribution P. Delaquis - delaquisp@agr.gc.ca ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Delaying fruit ripening during  storage and transport P. Toivonen - toivonenp@agr.gc.ca ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
A Feedlot in Alberta -  Highmark Renewables Inc. Agriculture and Agri-Food   Canada Agriculture et  Agroalimentaire Canada
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Cattle: 36,000 cattle in feedlot Manure processed : 215 tons slurry/d Digester capacity : 1800 m3 x2 Biogas : 9000 m3/d Energy: 760 kWe, 974 kWt Emission Reduction: 6.3 kt CO2e/yr AD Energy Cogeneration - Pilot Plants IMUS AD system  Agriculture and Agri-Food   Canada Agriculture et  Agroalimentaire Canada
[object Object],[object Object],Hogs: 10,000 marketed/yr Manure processed : 11 m3/d  Digester capacity : 450 m3 x3 Biogas :  405 m3/d Energy: 88 kWt Emission Reduction: 1.4 kt CO2e/yr Bio-Terre AD system   –  Peloquin farm AD Energy Cogeneration - Pilot Plants Agriculture and Agri-Food   Canada Agriculture et  Agroalimentaire Canada
Nano-science - Definitions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
1. Renewable energy and bioproducts from biomass conversion Gases Animal manures  & crop residues Bioliquids Solids   Primary  conversion (Anaer. digestion   gasification,  pyrolysis) Producers   - Canadian Federation of Agriculture - Dairy Farmers of Canada - Canadian Cattlemen’s Association - ACA co-op ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],R&D agencies - AAFC ( ECORC, SC ), NRC - ( BRI, IMB, NINT, IFCI ),  ARC, University of Ottawa, Carleton University,  IRDA, NRCan. - 50 scientists and engineers 1. Biofuels 2. Biochemicals & biomaterials 3. Biofertilizer Biosystems &  Bioproducts  For Use as  Industrial Inputs - Biohydrogen - BioOil*, Methanol* - Bioplastics - Coenzyme Q 10 - Carotenoids - Lipids& waxes - Activated carbon & nanomaterials Research Platforms 4. High Quality  Feeds Themes Bioproducts Secondary Conversion (microbial, chemical,  algal,  enzymatic,  solar energy) - Biochar derived - AD derived - Algal & bacterial biomass Biosystems &  Bioproducts  For Use as  Agricult. Inputs - ARCNet
Pyrolysis of Agricultural Biomass Pyrolysis Plant to Produce BioOil, Syngas & Biochar from Chicken Manure Advanced Bio Refinery Inc., Ottawa, Canada From - Schnitzer, Monreal, Leinweber, Fransham. 2007. 2008  J. Env. Sc. Health. Extraction and Separation of Chemicals from Bio-oils Pyrolysis BioOils and Bio-char derived from chicken manure Agriculture and Agri-Food   Canada Agriculture et  Agroalimentaire Canada
N, O, S free Renewable Bio-fuel Small metallic nanoparticle catalysts N and S to fertilizer Bio-oils containing N, O and S compounds Must be removed from organic  molecules to obtain Bio-oil FDMS Bio-oil Fraction II Distribution of Classes of Chemical Compounds (%) in Bio-oils from Chicken Manure Elemental Analysis of Bio-oil Fractions obtained from Fast Pyrolysis of Chicken Manure - From Schnitzer, Monreal and Jandl. 2008 (In press, J.Env.Sc.Health.) Nanoporous silica 0.4 0.5 14.3 7.4 7.8 70.0 Fraction II 0.5 0.9 37.6 12 5.0 44.5 Fraction I Ash S O N H C Wt % Sample 39.7 2.5 10.2 3.2 9.2 4.0 30.2 Fraction II 44.4  20.4 1.0 12.0 10.3 4.5 7.4 Fraction I Unknown Aliphatics Carbo-cyclics Benzene & derivatives Phenols Furans N-Hetero-cyclics Sample
Background 1.b. Converting methane to methanol by  methanotrophs and  MMO* ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Lorna Carrasco Bin Lin
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The Microbial Conversion of Methane to Methanol  Agriculture and Agri-Food   Canada Agriculture et  Agroalimentaire Canada
Metabolic pathway in methanotrophs Ribulose monophosphate (RuMP),  Type II 1: MMO 2: MDHase Type I
[object Object],[object Object],Preliminary findings Achieved > 99.5% inhibition for sMMO Inhibition of sMMO by phenylacetylene 7-hydroxycoumarin (nM) Production of Methanol by Methanotrophs Key enzymes for converting and accumulating CH 3 OH in cell culture: - Soluble  MMO and methanol dehydrogenase
From - Lin, Monreal, Miguez, Tambong. 2008. J. Env. Microb. Methanol Methane Methylosinus trichosporium  Methane Methanol Soil Consortium 2.3 The Microbial Conversion of Methane to Methanol Methanol production by methanotrophic bacteria Agriculture and Agri-Food   Canada Agriculture et  Agroalimentaire Canada
First Step – Use Model Polymers to Immobilize Model Enzymes Encapsulation of Methanotrophs and sMMO for Bioreactors Enzymes are immobilized in  alginate   microcapsules  and  silica   nano-porous  materials to study their loading mechanisms and kinetics.  Urease  was used as a model enzyme for MMO to study  the immobilization process and enzyme functionality.  MMO is not commercially available.  Commercial urease has a low cost and is readily available . Alginate microcapsule - scanning electron micrograph
Conclusions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Agriculture and Agri-Food   Canada Agriculture et  Agroalimentaire Canada

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20 Monreal Serena

  • 1. Investigación y Desarrollo de Tecnologías para la Eficiencia Energética y Energía Renovable Aplicadas al Sector Agrícola y Agro-alimentario Carlos M. Monreal Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada - AAFC Ottawa, Canada Seminario Internacional - Seguridad y eficiencia energ é tica: Un aporte cientifico para la generacion de politicas publicas La Serena, Chile - Abril 17, 2008
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9. A Feedlot in Alberta - Highmark Renewables Inc. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14. Pyrolysis of Agricultural Biomass Pyrolysis Plant to Produce BioOil, Syngas & Biochar from Chicken Manure Advanced Bio Refinery Inc., Ottawa, Canada From - Schnitzer, Monreal, Leinweber, Fransham. 2007. 2008 J. Env. Sc. Health. Extraction and Separation of Chemicals from Bio-oils Pyrolysis BioOils and Bio-char derived from chicken manure Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada
  • 15. N, O, S free Renewable Bio-fuel Small metallic nanoparticle catalysts N and S to fertilizer Bio-oils containing N, O and S compounds Must be removed from organic molecules to obtain Bio-oil FDMS Bio-oil Fraction II Distribution of Classes of Chemical Compounds (%) in Bio-oils from Chicken Manure Elemental Analysis of Bio-oil Fractions obtained from Fast Pyrolysis of Chicken Manure - From Schnitzer, Monreal and Jandl. 2008 (In press, J.Env.Sc.Health.) Nanoporous silica 0.4 0.5 14.3 7.4 7.8 70.0 Fraction II 0.5 0.9 37.6 12 5.0 44.5 Fraction I Ash S O N H C Wt % Sample 39.7 2.5 10.2 3.2 9.2 4.0 30.2 Fraction II 44.4 20.4 1.0 12.0 10.3 4.5 7.4 Fraction I Unknown Aliphatics Carbo-cyclics Benzene & derivatives Phenols Furans N-Hetero-cyclics Sample
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18. Metabolic pathway in methanotrophs Ribulose monophosphate (RuMP), Type II 1: MMO 2: MDHase Type I
  • 19.
  • 20. From - Lin, Monreal, Miguez, Tambong. 2008. J. Env. Microb. Methanol Methane Methylosinus trichosporium Methane Methanol Soil Consortium 2.3 The Microbial Conversion of Methane to Methanol Methanol production by methanotrophic bacteria Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada
  • 21. First Step – Use Model Polymers to Immobilize Model Enzymes Encapsulation of Methanotrophs and sMMO for Bioreactors Enzymes are immobilized in alginate microcapsules and silica nano-porous materials to study their loading mechanisms and kinetics. Urease was used as a model enzyme for MMO to study the immobilization process and enzyme functionality. MMO is not commercially available. Commercial urease has a low cost and is readily available . Alginate microcapsule - scanning electron micrograph
  • 22.