Presentation on plagiarism prevention and detection addressed to nurse educators. Presented by Heather Collins, MLS and Crystal Cameron-Vedros, MLS

1. Plagiarism
Crystal Cameron-Vedros, MLS
Heather Collins< MLS
A.R. Dykes Library
May 7, 2012

2. Plagiarism
A CHILD
STUDENT
MIND
PAPER
Is not a vase to be filled, but a fire to be lit.
-Francois Rabelias

3. Objectives
1. Understand what plagiarism is
2. Context and culture of plagiarism
3. Prevention
4. Technology tools and their limitations

4. Plagiarism
Use or close imitation of the language and
thoughts of another author and the
representation of them as one's own
original work.
-Random House Dictionary 1995

5. Plagiarius
Can you translate this Latin term?

6. Plagiarism
The Latin word, plagiarius, means kidnap or
plunder. Plagiarism is kidnapping in the
academic sense.
-Plagiarism: a how-not-to guide for students, 2009

7. Plagiarism
It is ethically wrong to falsely pass off
information as your own.

9. Plagiarism
 Using work from another source and not
citing the source.
 Not putting quotation marks around a
quotation.
 Providing false information about where a
quotation was derived: fabricating.
 Reworking the words but keeping the
exact same structure.
 Claiming others’ works to be yours.

10. Copyright Infringement
 Using the intellectual property of others
without seeking permission.
 Even by citing your source and giving
attribution to the creator, copyright
infringement can be claimed if the owner
chooses to file a complaint.

11. Fair Use
Fair use offers a set of guidelines with
which the courts can refer when judging a
copyright infringement claim.
Go here foe a commonly used Fair Use
Checklist
http://copyright.columbia.edu/copyright/fair-use/fair-use-checklist/

12. Plagiarism vs. Copyright
Plagiarism Copyright
Example:
 I have a dream that one day
every valley shall be exalted,
every hill and mountain shall http://motherboard.vice.com/2012/1/16/copyright-king-why-the-i-have-
be made low, the rough a-dream-speech-still-isn-t-free
places will be made plain,
and the crooked places will
be made straight, and the
glory of the Lord shall be
revealed, and all flesh shall
see it together.
–Crystal Cameron-Vedros, May
1, 2012

13. Consequences of Plagiarism
Are there levels of consequences
depending on the severity of plagiarized
content?
Is eating a grape in the grocery store equal
to stealing a car in the parking lot?- Blum, Susan D. My
Word! Plagiarism and college culture, Cornell University Press, 2009.
Read a review of this book here http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2009/02/03/myword

14. KUMC Policies
Faculty Students
Guidelines for Dealing Expectations for Conduct:
with Allegations of I will not plagiarize the
Scientific and Other work of others and will be
Scholarly Misconduct precise in attribution of
authorship and the work
-Handbook for Faculty of others.
and Other Unclassified
Staff, p. 189 -KUMC Student Handbook
http://www2.kumc.edu/aa/fa/pdf/Handbook.pdf http://www.kumc.edu/studenthandbook/graduate.html

15. Campus Need Assessment
 Robust reporting and corrections system
for student plagiarism?

16. What’s ―Not-to-Get‖?
Why is plagiarism misunderstood?
Why do students and faculty and
researchers plagiarize?

17. Culture
 Pressure to get published
 In a hurry, don’t have time
 Pressure to get promotion and tenure
 Pressure to get a good grade
 Pressure to hand in the paper and move on

18. Faculty Cautions
 Assigning student papers intended to
support your research, w/o attribution
 Mining bibliographies of students, w/o
attribution
 Having others do leg-work (lit
reviews, background research)
 Acknowledge co-authors (e.g.
IR, TLT, other
faculty/staff, librarians, GTAs, students, p
atients, etc.)

19. Culture
In our digital environment, students are
open to sharing and don’t think of giving
attribution.

20. Culture
 Students are used to downloading music
and movies
 Students are used to brief twitter-sized
snippets (w/o attribution)
 Students are used to posting quotes on
social media without attributing the
source

21. Culture
International students don’t always
understand U. S. intellectual property laws.
It can be challenging for international
students to write with command of the
English language, making paraphrasing
difficult.

22. What can librarians and faculty do?

23. Changing the Culture
 Where do values, integrity, ethics come
from?
―The very spring and root of honesty and
virtue lie in good education.‖
-Mestrius Plutarchos (Plutarch)

24. Changing the Culture
Values & Integrity Professionalism
Faculty
 Professional
 Personal Writing
Info Literacy
 Cultural Faculty
Ethics and perspective Content
 Meaning Faculty
 Philosophy Administration

25. Changing the Culture
Why are we here?
 Your $
 Your Future
 Your Growth
 Your Knowledge
Photo: Julianne Villaflor www.ennailuj.tk
Creative Commons- attribution
http://www.flickr.com/photos/ennailuj/4942058449/

26. Changing the Culture
Academic Communication
 How it works
 Why it exists
 Various functions
 How to participate
 Value of research and writing in nursing

27. Antibiotics of Plagiarism
PRIDE OWNERSHIP Inquisitiveness
Independence Socratic
Reflection Teaching
Responsibility
Metacognition Inquiry vs Direct
Accountability Instruction
Mastery
Belonging

28. Antibiotics of Plagiarism
MEANING ENTHUSIASM INTEGRITY
RELEVANCE
Self-efficacy
Modeling Professionalism
Application
Empowerment Accountability
Simulation
Positivity Accurateness
Context

29. Writing Skills for Avoiding Plagiarism
 Paraphrasing means more than just rewording something you’ve read.
 Paraphrasing means that you are restating something you’ve read.
 Restating something you’ve read requires you to use quotations when you are using the
exact words of another writer.
 Make sure your quotes don’t exceed the fair use guidelines.
 Use longer quotes when the content provides something you can’t: a well-turned phrase,
an expert opinion or statement.
 At the end of your restatement, attribute the original source according to the writing style
manual assigned by your instructor.
 Your research paper should be a combination of paraphrasing and your own original ideas
about the topic.
 When in doubt, cite!

30. Good and Bad
5-6 Page Research Paper on PBL –Applying X Theory, IPE Care Map, 5
Nursing Theorist , 3 sources sources per student, literature review
 Regurgitation  Show knowledge of
 Heavily covered on theory
Allnurses.com  Cite theory
 Common  Apply, Evaluate
topic, common  Collaborate (peer-
assignment review)
 Show work (lit review)

31. Blooms Taxonomy
Evaluation
Synthesis
Analysis
Application
Comprehension
Knowledge
Bloom, B.S. (Ed.). (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives, Vol.1: The cognitive domain. New York: McKay.

32. 1) Assignment Design
1. Discipline, course, content specific
2. PBL
3. Unique assignment criterion
4. Facilitate each step, NO GAPS
*Access * Technology *Knowledge
5. Devote graded class time to projects
6. Process-based (revision, documentation)
7. In-depth
8. Chunk it out
9. Communication
10. Inquiry, not regurgitation
11. Creativity and originality
12. Change syllabi regularly
From Robins, A. Integrating writing into your course. University of Wisconsin, Madison Retrieved from
http://mendota.english.wisc.edu/~WAC/page.jsp?id=141&c_type=category&c_id=24

33. 2) Formal/Informal Assessment
1. Reflection, reflection, reflection
course ----self ----- project(s)
2. Monitor in-class work
3. Know each student’s name
4. Peer-review, group work
5. Content knowledge
6. CMS metrics

34. 3) Collaboration
1. Small group size
2. Social media
3. Information literacy
4. Digital literacy
5. Writing Lab (KU Lawrence)
6. Orient yourself to the curriculum-
concurrent and prior course assignments
7. Interprofessional collaborations

35. Chasing Plagiarism
 Google, Google Scholar, Google Books
Search ―quotations‖ (usually near the top)
 Amazon
 Wikipedia
 Allnurses.com
 Nearest resources- textbooks, the other
items cited
 Classmates’ citations
 CINAHL, PubMed, ProQuest Nursing
searches (first results, abstract searches)

36. Caveats to Plagiarism Prevention
Policing Approach with detection software
Policy Handbook Violation Approach
These law enforcement approaches can
instill fear rather than teach writing and
citing skills, ethics and integrity.

37. Reviews of Plagiarism
Detection Software
SafeAssign-KU main campus licenses this
product via Blackboard.
http://writing.ku.edu/~writing/instructors/safeassign.shtml
KUMC does not currently license any
plagiarism detection software

38. Reviews of Plagiarism
Detection Software
Plagiarism Checker Tests, 2009-2010
http://www.plagiarismtoday.com/2011/01/13/plagaware-takes-top-honors-in-plagiarism-checker-showdown
False Positives in detection software
http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2009/03/13/detect

39. Citation Management Software
EndNote, Zotero, RefWorks, Mendeley
 Hyperlinks to fulltext
 Integrates and promotes citation
 Helps students organize and use citations
 Only as good as the user
 Is not a magic bullet

40. Writing ―Services‖
Paper Mills and Fee- Based Writing Services may be
seen as legitimate businesses
Some may view the payment for writing papers to be a
work-for-hire and therefore ethical.
Community answer board- All Nurses.com

41. Writing ―Services‖
Exposé from a burned-out ―Shadow Scholar‖
Dante, Ed. The Shadow Scholar: the man who writes your students’ papers tells his story. Chronicle of Higher Education.
November 12, 2010
http://chronicle.com/article/The-Shadow-Scholar/125329/
―With respect to America's nurses, fear not. Our lives are in capable
hands-—just hands that can't write a lick.
Nursing students account for one of my company's biggest customer
bases. I've written case-management plans, reports on nursing
ethics, and essays on why nurse practitioners are lighting the way to
the future of medicine.
I've even written pharmaceutical-treatment courses, for patients who
I hope were hypothetical.‖

42. Contact Info
 Crystal Cameron-Vedros
 cvedros@kumc.edu
 913-588-7916
 Heather Collins
 hcollins@kumc.edu
 913-588-7330

43. References
 Blum, S. D. (2010). My word!: Plagiarism and college culture. Cornell University Press.
 Dante, E. (2010, November 12). The shadow scholar. The Chronicle of Higher Education.
Retrieved from http://chronicle.com/article/The-Shadow-Scholar/125329/
 Gilmore, B. (2009). Plagiarism: A how-not-to guide for students. Heinemann.
 Lampert, L. D. (2008). Combating student plagiarism: An academic librarian’s guide
(Chandos Series for Information Professionals) (1st ed.). Neal-Schuman Publishers.
 Sutherland-Smith, W. (2008). Plagiarism, the internet, and student learning: Improving
academic integrity (1st ed.). Routledge.
 Vicinus, M., & Eisner, C. (Eds.). (2008). Originality, imitation, and plagiarism: Teaching
writing in the digital age. University of Michigan Press.

44. Supplemental Information
 The following slides were not used in this
presentation but offer supplemental
information.

45. Writing ―Services‖
YouTube testimonials of the magic of essay
writing services.
http://www.youtube.com./watch?v=HKkO_KMLX3M

46. Some Prominent Plagiarism Scandals
 April, 2012 President of Hungary resigned
after allegations of plagiarism in his
Doctoral thesis.
 Stephen Ambrose, historian and writer
 Doris Kearns Goodwin, historian and
writer

47. Quiz
 Have students turn in permalink or copies
of each paper in the bibliography.
PLAGIARISM PREVENTION
A. STRONG
A. MEDIUM
B. WEAK

48. Quiz
 Have students create a literature review and include:
*their search strategies
*locations of resources
*Coverage of topic(s) in the literature
*search results
*keywords, subject headings
PLAGIARISM PREVENTION
A. STRONG
A. MEDIUM
B. WEAK

49. Quiz
 Challenge students in a group to observe a
clinic, pinpoint a nursing intervention
(missing or present). Write a PICO question,
search for EBP literature, and report on best
practice.
PLAGIARISM PREVENTION
A. STRONG
A. MEDIUM
B. WEAK