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Madhavi Dharankar
dharankar.madhavi@yahoo.com
David
Ausubel
(1918- 2008)

Meaningful
Verbal
Learning
   Developer: David Ausubel

     How knowledge is                             How the mind works to process
     organised (curriculum)                       new information


               How teachers can make use of these ideas



Progressive Differentiation                            Integrative Reconciliation




                     Madhavi_Dharankar_Models_of_Teaching                           3
   AO is NOT
     A part of the content / of the teaching material
     A summary of the teaching material
   AO is wider in scope and is more abstract
   AO comes right in the beginning of a lesson
   Two ends of AO
     Previous Knowledge of the learner
     New knowledge to be acquired
Types of Advance Organisers


      Expository                                 Comparative



                Generalization
                                                          Analogy
Concept,
Definition

                               Comparison



                   Madhavi_Dharankar_Models_of_Teach
                                 ing                                5
1.       Presentation of Advanced Organiser
     •     Clarify aims of the lesson
     •     Present Advanced Organiser
     •     Prompt awareness of relevant knowledge
1.       Presentation of Learning Material
     •     Make organisation explicit
     •     Make logical order of learning material explicit
     •     Present material logically
1.       Strengthening Cognitive Organisation
     •     Use principles of integrative reconciliation
     •     Promote active reception
     •     Elicit critical approach
     •     Clarify

                          Madhavi_Dharankar_Models_of_Teach
                                        ing                   6
   General
     Highly structured
     Active collaboration between teacher and leaner

   Specific
     Phase 1 and 2: Main Role of the Teacher
     Phase 3: Teacher and Student are at the same level
   General
     Negotiation of meaning
     Responsibility of connecting organiser and material

   Specific
       Teacher
         To solve doubts of the students
         To help in identifying the similarities and diffferences
         between the old and the new knowledge
       Student
         To get the doubts clarified
   Data- rich
   Well- organised Material
   Possible Options: Pictures, Films, Charts,
    Models, Concept Maps, etc
   Instructional Effects
     Conceptual structures
     Meaningful assimilation of information and ideas

   Nurturant Effects
     Interest in inquiry
     Habits of precise thinking




                   Madhavi_Dharankar_Models_of_Teach
                                 ing                     10
Geometrical Figures

Single Dimension                      2D                                     3D


  Ray     Line         Open                       Closed             Cone         Sphere



                                                                                   Rectangular
             Plane            Angle    Triangle      Quadrilateral   Cube         Parallelepiped




                 Arc                   Pentagon            Circle    Prism        Pyramid


                         Madhavi_Dharankar_Models_of_Teach
                                       ing                                                 11
   Interactive Model
   Usage of Deductive approach
   Brings out importance of even not-so-popular
    method like Lecturing
   Usage of examples and explanations to a
    greater extent
Advanced Organiser Model - old

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Advanced Organiser Model - old

  • 3. Developer: David Ausubel How knowledge is How the mind works to process organised (curriculum) new information How teachers can make use of these ideas Progressive Differentiation Integrative Reconciliation Madhavi_Dharankar_Models_of_Teaching 3
  • 4. AO is NOT  A part of the content / of the teaching material  A summary of the teaching material  AO is wider in scope and is more abstract  AO comes right in the beginning of a lesson  Two ends of AO  Previous Knowledge of the learner  New knowledge to be acquired
  • 5. Types of Advance Organisers Expository Comparative Generalization Analogy Concept, Definition Comparison Madhavi_Dharankar_Models_of_Teach ing 5
  • 6. 1. Presentation of Advanced Organiser • Clarify aims of the lesson • Present Advanced Organiser • Prompt awareness of relevant knowledge 1. Presentation of Learning Material • Make organisation explicit • Make logical order of learning material explicit • Present material logically 1. Strengthening Cognitive Organisation • Use principles of integrative reconciliation • Promote active reception • Elicit critical approach • Clarify Madhavi_Dharankar_Models_of_Teach ing 6
  • 7. General  Highly structured  Active collaboration between teacher and leaner  Specific  Phase 1 and 2: Main Role of the Teacher  Phase 3: Teacher and Student are at the same level
  • 8. General  Negotiation of meaning  Responsibility of connecting organiser and material  Specific  Teacher  To solve doubts of the students  To help in identifying the similarities and diffferences between the old and the new knowledge  Student  To get the doubts clarified
  • 9. Data- rich  Well- organised Material  Possible Options: Pictures, Films, Charts, Models, Concept Maps, etc
  • 10. Instructional Effects  Conceptual structures  Meaningful assimilation of information and ideas  Nurturant Effects  Interest in inquiry  Habits of precise thinking Madhavi_Dharankar_Models_of_Teach ing 10
  • 11. Geometrical Figures Single Dimension 2D 3D Ray Line Open Closed Cone Sphere Rectangular Plane Angle Triangle Quadrilateral Cube Parallelepiped Arc Pentagon Circle Prism Pyramid Madhavi_Dharankar_Models_of_Teach ing 11
  • 12. Interactive Model  Usage of Deductive approach  Brings out importance of even not-so-popular method like Lecturing  Usage of examples and explanations to a greater extent