Rogers digitalmethods 4nov2010

THE END OF THE VIRTUAL: DIGITAL METHODS
PROF. RICHARD ROGERS

FOUNDATIONS OF DIGITAL METHODS
Situating Digital Methods in Internet-related research
2. How productive is the notion of the virtual for Web research?
The Web as a problem for content analysis
4. The Web as a less of problem for data analysis?
5. How to become a digital methods researcher

> Situating Digital Methods in Internet-related research

FROM CYBERSTUDIES
OVER VIRTUAL METHODS
TO DIGITAL METHODS
Web as Cyberspace (1994-2000) Virtual as distinct from the real. Cyberstudies
Web as Virtual Society? (2000-2007) Virtual is part of the real. Virtual methods
Web as Virtual? Society (2007- ) 'Virtual' as indication of the real. Digital methods?
Use online data and ground claims offline, or make 'online grounded' claims?

THE LEGACY OF
CYBERSPACE
[C]yberspace is now largely considered history, [yet] it is worth
recognizing its continued presence in unexpected places: the
U.S. Department of Defense prioritizes ‘cyberspace’ in its plans
for protecting national infrastructure. At the same time, however,
the National Strategy to Secure Cyberspace may be read
as yet more evidence of cyberspace’s demise - if not through
dismissal, then by depriving cyberspace of its revolutionary
connotations to the point that it is no longer recognizable.
- Michael Stevenson, 2010
Terminological persistence of cyberspace (in security studies discourse)

>2. How productive is the notion of the virtual for Web research?

THINKING ABOUT
THE VIRTUAL
1) That which is not actually existing (virtual reality)
2) Between the actual and the real (disembodied, time-shifted or
space-shifted)
3) Existing in effect (real-world effects)
4) Simulated ("artificial") (virtual world)
5) Representation (not the real thing)
6) Counterfeit (fake)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7) Related to online research (virtual ethnography; virtual methods)v
The continued use of 'the virtual': Apologists, or field-builders?

> The Web as a problem for content analysis

MEDIA AS CONTENT?
WEB AS CONTENT?
"Our typographical minds have trained us to concentrate on
content, and ignore the medium."
"The 'content' of a medium is like the juicy piece of meat carried by
the burglar to distract the watchdog of the mind."
"typographic cultural bias"
"typographic trance of the West"
"typographic spell"
McLuhan's critique of the western obsession with content in Understanding Media

WEB AS PROBLEM FOR
CONTENT ANALYSIS
The Web 0.1 Under Construction: Websites need 'filling in'
The Web 1.0 Underground: "Fandom, porn and aliens have taken
cyber-theory into a political and cultural wasteland."
- Jodi Dean (2004)
The Web 2.0 Amateur: The Web is "[where] ignorance meets
egoism meets bad taste meets mob rule."
- Andrew Keen (2007)
Three 'eras' of content types online

THE 'EMPTY' WEB
"[T]he majority of the forum and blog discussions did not
in any way match the normative criteria of the Habermasian
public sphere."
- T. Poell (2009)
"It becomes clear that the quality of the [forum] discussion
leaves a lot to be desired."
- T. Witschge (2007)
The Web continually disappoints substantively

>4. The Web as a less of problem for data analysis?

HISTORICAL PROBLEM WITH
WEB DATA
(1) One issue is the messiness of Web data and the need for data
cleansing heuristics. The uncontrolled Web creates numerous
problems in the interpretation of results (…). (2) Indeed a skeptical
researcher could claim the obstacles are so great that all Web
analyses lack value. (3) One response to this is to demonstrate
that Web data correlate significantly with some non-Web data in
order to prove that the Web data are not wholly random.
-M. Thelwall et al., "Webometrics," 2005. (Emphasis added.)
Web data's incapacity to stand alone

>5. How to become a digital methods researcher (digital vs. virtual methods)

VIRTUAL (DIGITIZED)
METHODS
Online surveys - Finding the list to mail them to.
Online interviews - Become written exchanges by email.
(Online) observation - Watching users over the shoulder.
Online samples - Become difficult. Also issue of exhaustiveness.
Online investigative reporting - Fact-checking by phoning/surfing?
Digitized methods

DIGITAL METHODS
General Digital Methods Protocol - Follow the Medium
Which objects are available? (Links, tags, threads, timestamp...)
How do dominant devices and platforms handle them?
How to learn from and repurpose medium methods? (Mash-up...)
Are findings grounded in the online? Is the online the baseline?
Distinction between methods that migrate to the medium and those ‘native’ to it

CLAIMS GROUNDED ONLINE
"This newspaper made an inventory of right-wing and extreme
right-wing sites.... The newspaper found 150 of such sites that
came and went over the past 10 years. The internet archive's
wayback machine was used. We found that the number of
right-wing and extreme right-wing sites grew after 11 September
2001, the rise of Pim Fortuyn...The growth was explosive... The
difference in language use became smaller.... The internet is
revealing a hardening of the Netherlands."
- NRC Handelsblad (newspaper), 25 August 2007
On 20 September 2007, it fell out of the top 1,000 results.
UNDERSTANDING SOCIETAL CONDITIONS WITH THE WEB AS THE BASELINE

FOUNDATIONS OF DIGITAL METHODS:
SUMMARY
Situating Digital Methods: Beyond online cultural studies and user studies
2. Like cyberstudies, virtual studies are only one (niche) type of Internet research
From 'content analysis' to medium specificity - studying natively digital objects
4. The Web as epistemological machinery, employing Web data sets
5. Digital methods research learns from and repurposes methods in media

DIGITAL METHODS
OBJECTS &
APPROACHES
The Link - As reputation marker and indicator of a politics of association
The Website - As an archived object, awaiting use
The Engines - As ordering devices, providing hierarchies of credibility
{4. The Spheres - As bounded, engine-demarcations, with distinctive qualities}
{5. The Webs - As national Webs, with characteristics that may used for diagnoses}

DIGITAL METHODS
OBJECTS &
APPROACHES
6. Social Networking Sites - As friends' tastes for 'post-demographic' profiling
{7. Wikipedia - As networked content, held together and 'co-authored' by bots}
{8. Twitter - De-banalizing tweets and providing accounts of the ground}

1. THE LINK
Google treats hyperlinks as reputation markers, and
as indicators of relevance.
How to follow the medium's dominant device, and repurpose Google's link handling?

© 2008 Govcom.org
08
E-Culture in the Netherlands: Network and Actors- _______________________
Analysis_ Richard Rogers and Sabine Niederer.
Design _Marieke van Dijk.
Data_from Virtual Platform. Analysis and visualization from issuecrawler.net
and tools.issuecrawler.net by govcom.org.
NovemberSeptember
E-Culture in the Netherlands: Network and Actors
Method
Insert the organisations in the Virtual Platform database
as the starting points for an Issue Crawler map.
Perform this over time and make a ranked list of persistent actors.
Rank and profile actors in the shown issue network (August 08),
and show their ranking according to Google PageRank per issue.
Legend
e-cultuur
Ranked Actor Profile 1 of 9
(10) inlinks and (8) outlinks
Google actor pagerank for issue
E cultuur , beeld, fotografie,
educatie. Ronnie Stevens,
Oleksandr Demchenko, Eileen
Bell, Erik Driessen, Hanneke
Vos, Frans Nauta ...
134
picnicnetwork.org
25-Aug-2008
e-cultuur
Speech van Staatssecretaris Van
der Laan Symposium eCultuur in
Beweging, ... Van mijn korte
aanwezigheid moet de volgende
boodschap uitgaan: eCultuur ...
31
minocw.nl
25-Aug-2008
e-cultuur
creativecommons.org is not
returned in the top 1000 results
for e-cultuur
-
creativecommons.org
25-Aug-2008
e-cultuur
vsbfonds.nl is not returned in
the top 1000 results for
e-cultuur
-
vsbfonds.nl
25-Aug-2008
e-cultuur
eCultuur De Mondriaan Stichting
hecht groot belang aan
cultuureducatie, zowel voor
jongeren als voor volwassenen.
Uit onderzoeken van Ineke ...
41
mondriaanfoundation.nl
25-Aug-2008
e-cultuur
doen.nl is not returned in the
top 1000 results for e-cultuur
-
doen.nl
25-Aug-2008
e-cultuur
waag.org is not returned in the
top 1000 results for e-cultuur
-
waag.org
25-Aug-2008
e-cultuur
File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat -
View as HTML Het Virtueel
Platform, sectorinstituut voor
e-cultuur , stelt zich als. doel
om e-cultuur in Nederland te ...
159
fondsbkvb.nl
25-Aug-2008
e-cultuur
Flickr is almost certainly the
best online photo management and
sharing application in the world.
Show off your favorite photos and
videos to the world, ...
18
flickr.com
25-Aug-2008
Issue Crawler-discovered actors,
significant to the e-culture sector
in the Netherlands.*
afk.nl
aimsterdam.nl
amsterdam.nl
anymeta.net
beeldengeluid.nl
creativecommons.nl
creativecommons.org
cultuurfonds.nl
del.icio.us
doen.nl
emaf.de
fabchannel.com
feedreader.com
filmfestivalrotterdam.com
filmfund.nl
filmmuseum.nl
flickr.com
fondsbkvb.nl
frankwatching.com
hku.nl
hollandfestival.nl
hyves.nl
idfa.nl
kunstenaarsenco.nl
last.fm
marketingfacts.nl
mediamatic.nl
minocw.nl
mondriaanfoundation.nl
mondriaanstichting.nl
prinsbernhardcultuurfonds.nl
syntens.nl
transartists.nl
uva.nl
vsbfonds.nl
youtube.com
*Each actor was present in the e-culture
networks in April, June and August 2008.

.
LINKING AS POLITICS OF
ASSOCIATION
GM Food Network - Aspirational linking, Govcom.org,
1999.

6 September 2007
What kind of 'state' of the Palestinian Web is suggested
by the Fatah-related sites?
Method
Insert Fatah-related sites in Issue Crawler.
Perform co-link analysis. Render as spring map.
Findings
Fatah's Palestinian Web may be characterized primarily as a 'civic Web'.
Fatah-related websites link to each other as well to Palestinian NGOs,
Palestinian Media and to a lesser extent to International NGOs and Media.
There are no links to other Palestinian political actors or to any official .ps websites.
What kind of 'state' of the Palestinian Web is suggested
by the Hamas-related sites?
Method
Insert Hamas-related sites in Issue Crawler.
Perform co-link analysis. Render as spring map.
Findings
The Hamas-affiliated news agency, Palestine Information Center, has numerous mirrored
websites in various languages, hosted and registered under the main domain name
Palestine-Info, with different domain extensions (Palestine-info.info, Palestine-info.co.uk,
Palestine-info.net, etc).
These sites, together with otherHamas-related websites do not link out to other (Palestinian)
websites.Instead, they provide links to RSS-feed readers, whereby individuals and other sites
may subscribe to Hamas-related content.
6 September 20076 September 2007
The Palestinian Political Webs: Separate Spheres?
Fatah-related and Hamas-related Networks Compared
.
Mapping the Palestinian Web Space ___________________________
07
SeptemberAnalysis by Anat Ben-David. Design by Marieke van Dijk.
The research presented in this publication is the result of a project supported by Canada's
International Development Research Centre (www.idrc.ca). The Information Society in
Palestine project was conceived and implemented by the Advanced Network Research,
Cambridge Security Programme, and The SecDev Group (www.secdev.ca).
A co-production of the Govcom.org Foundation, Amsterdam,
and the Information Society in Palestine project, Cambridge.
Fatah-related and Hamas-related networks compared

DYNAMIC URL SAMPLING &
INTERNET CENSORSHIP
Using lists of sensitive sites for Iran, researchers, using the
Issue Crawler, perform hyperlink analysis, discovering further
URLs, and run them through a proxy in Iran for code 403’s
(forbidden).
On 20 September 2007, it fell out of the top 1,000 results.
A METHOD FOR THE DISCOVERY OF CENSORED WEBSITES

A Censored Network: Iranian Social, Political and Religious Sites
A hyperlink analysis method for censored Website discovery.
© 2006 Govcom.org and ONI
06
Internet Censorship Visualizations________________________2006
Data_by OpenNet Initiative and map by Issuecrawler.net.
Analysis_by Richard Rogers, Nart Villeneuve and Erik
Borra, and design_by Marieke van Dijk.
A Censored Network: Iranian Social, Political and Religious Sites
IRAN
Legend
Blocked sites
Newly discovered blocked sites
Accessible sites
Inaccessible site (owing to DNS issue)
A co-production between the Govcom.org Foundation, Amsterdam, and the
OpenNet Initiative, a partnership between the Citizen Lab at the Munk
Centre for International Studies, University of Toronto, the Berkman Center
for Internet & Society at Harvard Law School, the Advanced Network
Research Group at the Cambridge Security Programme at Cambridge
University, and the Oxford Internet Institute, Oxford University.
medusa2000.com
Newly discovered blocked sites:
http://home.bip.net/radiohambastegi/
http://ir.mondediplo.com/
http://www.alahwaz.com/
http://www.ashoob.com/
http://www.asre-nou.net/
http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/
http://www.channelonetv.com/
http://www.didgah.com/
http://www.didgah.net/
http://www.fadaee.org/
http://www.fedayi.org/
http://www.fwhi.org/
http://www.geocities.com/~fedaian/
http://www.gozareshgar.com/
http://www.iran-jommelli.com/
http://www.iranazad.com/
http://www.irandokht.com/
http://www.komalah.org/
http://www.kvinnonet.org/
http://www.mani-poesie.de/
http://www.medusa2000.com/
http://www.mihan.net/
http://www.negah1.com/
http://www.peykeiran.com/
http://www.radio-international.org/
http://www.radiobarabari.net/
http://www.rdki.com/
http://www.roozonline.com/
http://www.shahrvand.com/
http://www.zagros.info/
alahwaz.com
alefbe.com
amnesty.org
ashoob.comasre-nou.net
avairan.com
avayeashena.com
avayezan.com
azadi-iran.org
baztab.com
bbc.co.uk/persian
channelonetv.com
cpiran.org
didgah.com
didgah.net
etehadchap.com
etehadefedaian.org
ettelaat.com
fadaee.org
fadai.org
fadaian.org
fedayi.org
forughfarrokhzad.org
fwhi.org
geocities.com/~fedaian
golshan.com
golshirifoundation.org
gooya.com
gozareshgar.com
hadisara.com
hamshahri.net
hayateno.org
home.bip.net/radiohambastegi
i-w-o.org
ihrwg.org
ilna.ir
ir.mondediplo.com
iran-chabar.de
iran-e-sabz.org
iran-emrooz.de
iran-jommelli.com
iran-newspaper.com
iran.mojahedin.org
iranazad.com
irandokht.com
iransocialforum.org
irna.com
isnagency.com
jebhe.org
jebhemelli.net
jebhemelli.org
jonge-khabar.com
kanoon-zendanian.org
kargar.org
kasravi.info
komala.org
komalah.org
kvinnonet.org
mani-poesie.de
marxists.org
marzeporgohar.org
mihan.net
nashrieh-nameh.com
negah1.com
nehzateazadi.org
news.gooya.com
panahjoo.compayvand.com/news
pdk-iran.org
peiknet.com
peykeiran.com
radio-international.org
radiobarabari.net
radiofarda.com
radiokomaleh.com
radis.org
rahekargar.net
ranjbaran.org
rdki.com
rfi.fr/fichiers/Langues/rfi_persan_main.asp
rooydad.com
roozonline.com
roshangari.com
rowzane.com
sarbedaran.org
sh-shafa.com
shahrvand.com
shamlou.org
shamlu.com
sharareha.com
sharghnewspaper.com
siahkal.com
siasate-kargari.com
tehrantimes.com
toufan.org
tudehpartyiran.org
un.org
voanews.com
womeniniran.com
wpiran.org
wsu-iran.org
zagros.info
zan.org
Method & Findings:
Using Issuecrawler.net, crawl URLs (on 30 March
2006) from the OpenNet Initiative's list of Iranian
social, political and religious sites. Find network of
sites through one iteration of co-link analysis
(pictured). Fetch each site through a proxy in Iran
(on 18 May 2006). Discover sites previously
unknown to be blocked. Compare newly discovered
blocked sites with entire list of Iranian Websites
checked by the OpenNet Initiative. The finding is
the discovery of 30 blocked sites in Iran.
Size of node indicates inlink count from network.

2. THE WEBSITE
Usability - "Don't make me think." Also: The Web is blue.
Eye-tracking - Heat maps tell stories, and help redesign sites.
Site optimization - "Grabbing more eyeballs"
Site features - types of interactivity ergo participation
How is it often studied? User and Eyeball Studies

2. THE WEBSITE
Internet Archive literature review - articles about it, but
not how it's used.
Follow Wayback Machine's interface - Privileges single-site
histories.
Capture a site's history. What does it tell?
How else to study it? As an archived object, awaiting use.

3. THE ENGINE
Engines include and exclude by not indexing orphans; by burying
sites.
Engines encourage attention deficits. Users rarely look past
result 10. 'Contemplative man' replaced by 'flickering man.'
Googlization turns the engine into an object of mass media
critique. Google as monolith.
Surveillance studies. One’s search history becomes new databody.
How is it often studied? As a dark web-maker, as attention deficit, as 'googlization'

DATABODY STUDIES
AOL user 311045 apparently owns a Scion XB automobile in need
of new brake pads that is in the process of being upgraded with
performance oil filters. User 311045, possibly a Florida resident,
is preoccupied with another topic as well:
>how to change brake pads on scion xb 2005
>us open cup florida state champions
>how to get revenge on a ex
>how to get revenge on a ex girlfriend
>how to get revenge on a friend who f---ed you over
>replacement bumper for scion xb
>florida department of law enforcement
Stored Search Engine Queries (anonymized) - What do they tell?

DATABODY 'SOLUTIONS'
Scroogle.org - An Google search proxy which prevents the
searcher's data being stored by Google.
TrackMeNot - A Firefox extension that periodically issues
randomied search-queries to popular search engines, e.g.,
AOL, Yahoo!, Google, and MSN. It hides users' actual
search trails in a cloud of 'ghost' queries, significantly
increasing the difficulty of aggregating such data into accurate
or identifying user profiles.
Answers to Stored Search Engine Queries (anonymized) - What to do?

3. THE ENGINE
Capture and reinterpret the engine's results.
Inquire into the stability of the hierarchies of credibility.
Query individual sites for partisanship and commitments with the
Lippmannian Device.
How to repurpose Google for social research?

ON TOP OF THE ENGINE:
THE LIPPMANNIAN DEVICE
Capture engine's results.
Query each of the first hundred result for terms.
How far are terms from the 'top of the Web'? (Source distance.)
Inquire also into sources' partisanship and commitments.
Google as data source for the study of source partisanship

Climate Change Sceptics on the Web (Sallie Baliunas)
Research Question_To what extent are climate change 'skeptics' present
in the climate change spaces on the Web?
Findings_There is distance between the skeptics and the top of the
search engine returns.
Source_google.com
Query_“Sallie Baliunas”
Method_Search for query “Sallie Baliunas” in top 100. Organized in order.
Tools_Google Scraper and Tag Cloud Generator
Date_30 July 2007
Product_of the Digital Methods Initiative,
dmi.mediastudies.nl. Analysis_by Bram
Nijhof, Richard Rogers and Laura van der
Vlies. Design_Anne Helmond.
CC_BY:NC:SA
climateark.org (2)marshall.org (6)
realclimate.org (55)
abc.net.au (0)
acfonline.org.au (0)
bbc.co.uk (0) bom.gov.au (0)
cbc.ca (0)
ciel.org (0)
climatechallenge.gov.uk (0)
climatechange.ca.gov (0)
climatechange.com.au (0)
climatechangecentral.com (0)
climatechangecollege.org (0)
climatecrisis.net (0)
dar.csiro.au (0)
davidsuzuki.org (0)
defra.gov.uk (0)
dfat.gov.au (0)
ec.gc.ca (0)
ecn.ac.uk (0)
ecokids.ca (0)
ecy.wa.gov (0)
eea.europa.eu (0)
eldis.org (0)
energy.gov (0)
envirolink.org (0)
epa.gov (0)
exploratorium.edu (0)
faqs.org (0)
foe.co.uk (0)
ft.com (0)
g8.gov.uk (0)
gcrio.org (0) grida.no (0)
guardian.co.uk (0)
iea.org (0)
iisd.org (0)
ipcc.ch (0)
iucn.org (0)
ltscotland.org.uk (0)
metoffice.gov.uk (0)
mfe.govt.nz (0)
mofa.go.jp (0)
nature.com (0) nature.org (0)
ncdc.noaa.gov (0)
open2.net (0)
panda.org (0)
pewclimate.org (0)
royalsoc.ac.uk (0)
scidev.net (0)
scienceagogo.com (0)
state.gov (0)
theglobeandmail.com (0)
ucar.edu (0)
un.org (0)
unep.org (0)
who.int (0)
whoi.edu (0)
worldwildlife.org (0)
greenpeace.org (0) campaigncc.org (0)
sourcewatch.org (0) climatescience.gov (0)
CLIMATE CHANGE
SCEPTICS

Climate Change Sceptics on the Web (Timothy Ball)
Source_google.com
Query_“Timothy Ball”
Method_Search for query “Timothy Ball” in top 100. Organized in order.
Date_30 July 2007
CC_BY:NC:SA
campaigncc.org (6)
marshall.org (2)
abc.net.au (0)
cbc.ca (0)
ciel.org (0)
dar.csiro.au (0)
davidsuzuki.org (0)
defra.gov.uk (0)
dfat.gov.au (0)
ec.gc.ca (0)
ecn.ac.uk (0)
ecokids.ca (0)
ecy.wa.gov (0)
eea.europa.eu (0)
eldis.org (0)
energy.gov (0)
envirolink.org (0)
epa.gov (0)
faqs.org (0)
foe.co.uk (0)
ft.com (0)
g8.gov.uk (0)
guardian.co.uk (0)
iea.org (0)
iisd.org (0)
ipcc.ch (0)
iucn.org (0)
mfe.govt.nz (0)
mofa.go.jp (0)
ncdc.noaa.gov (0)
open2.net (0)
panda.org (0)
pewclimate.org (0)
royalsoc.ac.uk (0)
scidev.net (0)
state.gov (0)
ucar.edu (0)
un.org (0)
unep.org (0)
who.int (0)
whoi.edu (0)
greenpeace.org (0)
climateark.org (0)
realclimate.org (0)
CLIMATE CHANGE
SCEPTICS

Climate Change Sceptics on the Web (Robert Balling)
Source_google.com
Query_“Robert Balling”
Method_Search for query “Robert Balling” in top 100. Organized in order.
Date_30 July 2007
CC_BY:NC:SA
campaigncc.org (2)
sourcewatch.org (4)
greenpeace.org (0)
climatescience.gov (11)
abc.net.au (0)
cbc.ca (0)
ciel.org (0)
dar.csiro.au (0)
davidsuzuki.org (0)
defra.gov.uk (0)
dfat.gov.au (0)
ec.gc.ca (0)
ecn.ac.uk (0)
ecokids.ca (0)
ecy.wa.gov (0)
eea.europa.eu (0)
eldis.org (0)
energy.gov (0)
envirolink.org (0)
epa.gov (0)
faqs.org (0)
foe.co.uk (0)
ft.com (0)
g8.gov.uk (0)
guardian.co.uk (0)
iea.org (0)
iisd.org (0)
ipcc.ch (0)
iucn.org (0)
mfe.govt.nz (0)
mofa.go.jp (0)
ncdc.noaa.gov (0)
open2.net (0)
panda.org (0)
pewclimate.org (0)
royalsoc.ac.uk (0)
scidev.net (0)
state.gov (0)
ucar.edu (0)
un.org (0)
unep.org (0)
who.int (0)
whoi.edu (0)
CLIMATE CHANGE
SCEPTICS

Climate Change Sceptics on the Web (Paul Driessen)
Source_google.com
Query_“Paul Driessen”
Method_Search for query “Paul Driessen” in top 100. Organized in order.
Date_30 July 2007
CC_BY:NC:SA
campaigncc.org (1)
sourcewatch.org (28)
abc.net.au (0)
cbc.ca (0)
ciel.org (0)
climateark.org (0)
dar.csiro.au (0)
davidsuzuki.org (0)
defra.gov.uk (0)
dfat.gov.au (0)
ec.gc.ca (0)
ecn.ac.uk (0)
ecokids.ca (0)
ecy.wa.gov (0)
eea.europa.eu (0)
eldis.org (0)
energy.gov (0)
envirolink.org (0)
epa.gov (0)
faqs.org (0)
foe.co.uk (0)
ft.com (0)
g8.gov.uk (0)
gcrio.org (0)
greenpeace.org (0)
grida.no (0)
guardian.co.uk (0)
iea.org (0)
iisd.org (0)
ipcc.ch (0)
iucn.org (0)
marshall.org (0)
mfe.govt.nz (0)
mofa.go.jp (0)
ncdc.noaa.gov (0)
open2.net (0)
panda.org (0)
pewclimate.org (0)
realclimate.org (0)
royalsoc.ac.uk (0)
scidev.net (0)
state.gov (0)
ucar.edu (0)
un.org (0)
unep.org (0)
who.int (0)
whoi.edu (0)
CLIMATE CHANGE
SCEPTICS

Climate Change Sceptics on the Web (Sherwood Idso)
Source_google.com
Query_“Sherwood Idso”
Method_Search for query “Sherwood Idso” in top 100. Organized in order.
Date_30 July 2007
CC_BY:NC:SA
greenpeace.org (0) campaigncc.org (1)
climateark.org (1)
abc.net.au (0)
cbc.ca (0)
ciel.org (0)
dar.csiro.au (0)
davidsuzuki.org (0)
defra.gov.uk (0)
dfat.gov.au (0)
ec.gc.ca (0)
ecn.ac.uk (0)
ecokids.ca (0)
ecy.wa.gov (0)
eea.europa.eu (0)
eldis.org (0)
energy.gov (0)
envirolink.org (0)
epa.gov (0)
faqs.org (0)
foe.co.uk (0)
ft.com (0)
g8.gov.uk (0)
guardian.co.uk (0)
iea.org (0)
iisd.org (0)
ipcc.ch (0)
iucn.org (0)
marshall.org (0)
mfe.govt.nz (0)
mofa.go.jp (0)
ncdc.noaa.gov (0)
open2.net (0)
panda.org (0)
pewclimate.org (0)
royalsoc.ac.uk (0)
scidev.net (0)
state.gov (0)
ucar.edu (0)
un.org (0)
unep.org (0)
who.int (0)
whoi.edu (0)
CLIMATE CHANGE
SCEPTICS

Climate Change Sceptics on the Web (Richard Linzen)
Source_google.com
Query_“Richard Linzen”
Method_Search for query “Richard Linzen” in top 100. Organized in order.
Date_30 July 2007
CC_BY:NC:SA
campaigncc.org (0)
climatescience.gov (0)sourcewatch.org (0)
abc.net.au (0)
ciel.org (0)
dfat.gov.au (0)
eldis.org (0)
envirolink.org (0)
faqs.org (0) ft.com (0)
iucn.org (0)
mofa.go.jp (0) ncdc.noaa.gov (0)
open2.net (0) scienceagogo.com (0)
ucar.edu (0)
who.int (0)
cbc.ca (0)
climateark.org (0)
dar.csiro.au (0)
davidsuzuki.org (0)
defra.gov.uk (0)
ec.gc.ca (0)
ecn.ac.uk (0)
ecokids.ca (0)
ecy.wa.gov (0)
eea.europa.eu (0) energy.gov (0)
epa.gov (0)
foe.co.uk (0)
g8.gov.uk (0)
gcrio.org (0)
greenpeace.org (0)
grida.no (0)
guardian.co.uk (0)
iea.org (0)
iisd.org (0)
ipcc.ch (0)
marshall.org (0)
mfe.govt.nz (0)
panda.org (0)
pewclimate.org (0)
royalsoc.ac.uk (0)
scidev.net (0)state.gov (0)
theglobeandmail.com (0)un.org (0)
unep.org (0)
whoi.edu (0)
CLIMATE CHANGE
SCEPTICS

Climate Change Sceptics on the Web (Patrick Michaels)
Source_google.com
Query_“Patrick Michaels”
Method_Search for query “Patrick Michaels” in top 100. Organized in order.
Date_30 July 2007
CC_BY:NC:SA
campaigncc.org (3)
climateark.org (1)
epa.gov (0) ipcc.ch (4)
marshall.org (2)
pewclimate.org (2)
abc.net.au (0)
cbc.ca (0)
ciel.org (0)
dar.csiro.au (0)
davidsuzuki.org (0)
defra.gov.uk (0)
dfat.gov.au (0)
ec.gc.ca (0)
ecn.ac.uk (0)
ecokids.ca (0)
ecy.wa.gov (0)
eea.europa.eu (0)
eldis.org (0)
energy.gov (0)
envirolink.org (0)
faqs.org (0)
foe.co.uk (0)
ft.com (0)
g8.gov.uk (0)
gcrio.org (0)
greenpeace.org (0)
grida.no (0)
guardian.co.uk (0)
iea.org (0)
iisd.org (0)
iucn.org (0)
mfe.govt.nz (0)
mofa.go.jp (0)
ncdc.noaa.gov (0)
open2.net (0)
panda.org (0)
CLIMATE CHANGE
SCEPTICS

Climate Change Sceptics on the Web (Steven Milloy)
Source_google.com
Query_“Stephen Milloy”
Method_Search for query “Stephen Milloy” in top 100. Organized in order.
Date_30 July 2007
CC_BY:NC:SA
bbc.co.uk (0)
climateark.org (2)
dar.csiro.au (1)
defra.gov.uk (1)
ec.gc.ca (0)
ecn.ac.uk (1) ecy.wa.gov (1)
eea.europa.eu (1) energy.gov (1)
envirolink.org (1)
epa.gov (1)
greenpeace.org (1)
ipcc.ch (1)
mofa.go.jp (1)
nature.org (1)
ncdc.noaa.gov (1)
pewclimate.org (1)
state.gov (1)
unep.org (1)
who.int (1)
whoi.edu (1)
abc.net.au (0)
bom.gov.au (0)
campaigncc.org (0) cbc.ca (0)
ciel.org (0)
davidsuzuki.org (0)
dfat.gov.au (0)
ecokids.ca (0)
eldis.org (0)
faqs.org (0)
foe.co.uk (0)
ft.com (0)
g8.gov.uk (0)
guardian.co.uk (0)
iea.org (0)
iisd.org (0)
iucn.org (0)
marshall.org (0)
mfe.govt.nz (0)
nature.com (0)
open2.net (0)
panda.org (0)
ucar.edu (0)
un.org (0)
CLIMATE CHANGE
SCEPTICS

Climate Change Sceptics on the Web (Frederick Seitz)
Source_google.com
Query_“Frederick Seitz”
Method_Search for query “Frederick Seitz” in top 100. Organized in order.
Date_30 July 2007
CC_BY:NC:SA
campaigncc.org (1)
abc.net.au (0)
cbc.ca (0)
ciel.org (0)
dar.csiro.au (0)
davidsuzuki.org (0)
defra.gov.uk (0)
dfat.gov.au (0)
ec.gc.ca (0)
ecn.ac.uk (0)
ecokids.ca (0)
ecy.wa.gov (0)
eea.europa.eu (0)
eldis.org (0)
energy.gov (0)
envirolink.org (0)
epa.gov (0)
faqs.org (0)
foe.co.uk (0)
ft.com (0)
g8.gov.uk (0)
gcrio.org (0)
greenpeace.org (0)
grida.no (0)
guardian.co.uk (0)
iea.org (0)
iisd.org (0)
ipcc.ch (0)
iucn.org (0)
mfe.govt.nz (0)
mofa.go.jp (0)
ncdc.noaa.gov (0)
open2.net (0)
panda.org (0)
pewclimate.org (0)
royalsoc.ac.uk (0)
scidev.net (0)
state.gov (0)
ucar.edu (0)
un.org (0)
unep.org (0)
who.int (0)
whoi.edu (0)
CLIMATE CHANGE
SCEPTICS

Climate Change Sceptics on the Web (S. Fred Singer)
Source_google.com
Query_“Fred Singer”
Method_Search for query “Fred Singer” in top 100. Organized in order.
Date_30 July 2007
CC_BY:NC:SA
campaigncc.org (1)
climateark.org (1)
greenpeace.org (1)
abc.net.au (0)
cbc.ca (0)
ciel.org (0)
dar.csiro.au (0)
davidsuzuki.org (0)
defra.gov.uk (0)
dfat.gov.au (0)
ec.gc.ca (0)
ecn.ac.uk (0)
ecokids.ca (0)
ecy.wa.gov (0)
eea.europa.eu (0)
eldis.org (0)
energy.gov (0)
envirolink.org (0)
envirolink.org (0)
epa.gov (0)
faqs.org (0)
foe.co.uk (0)
ft.com (0)
g8.gov.uk (0)
guardian.co.uk (0)
iea.org (0)
iisd.org (0)
ipcc.ch (0)
iucn.org (0)
marshall.org (0)
mfe.govt.nz (0)
mofa.go.jp (0)
mofa.go.jp (0)
ncdc.noaa.gov (0)
open2.net (0)
panda.org (0)
pewclimate.org (0)
royalsoc.ac.uk (0)
scidev.net (0)
state.gov (0)
ucar.edu (0)
un.org (0)
unep.org (0)
who.int (0)
whoi.edu (0)
CLIMATE CHANGE
SCEPTICS

Climate Change Sceptics on the Web (Willie Soon)
Source_google.com
Query_“Willie Soon”
Method_Search for query “Willie Soon” in top 100. Organized in order.
Date_30 July 2007
CC_BY:NC:SA
campaigncc.org (2)
marshall.org (4)
sourcewatch.org (0)
greenpeace.org (0)
climateark.org (1)
abc.net.au (0)
cbc.ca (0)
ciel.org (0)
dar.csiro.au (0)
davidsuzuki.org (0)
defra.gov.uk (0)
dfat.gov.au (0)
ec.gc.ca (0)
ecn.ac.uk (0)
ecokids.ca (0)
ecy.wa.gov (0)
eea.europa.eu (0)
eldis.org (0)
energy.gov (0)
envirolink.org (0)
epa.gov (0)
faqs.org (0)
foe.co.uk (0)
ft.com (0)
g8.gov.uk (0)
guardian.co.uk (0)
iea.org (0)
iisd.org (0)
ipcc.ch (0)
iucn.org (0)
mfe.govt.nz (0)
mofa.go.jp (0)
ncdc.noaa.gov (0)
open2.net (0)
panda.org (0)
pewclimate.org (0)
royalsoc.ac.uk (0)
scidev.net (0)
state.gov (0)
ucar.edu (0)
un.org (0)
unep.org (0)
who.int (0)
whoi.edu (0)
CLIMATE CHANGE
SCEPTICS

6. SOCIAL NETWORKING
SITES
Presentation of (a more expansive) self.
MySpace and Facebook have different 'classes' of users.
Distinction between real-life friends and 'friended' friends.
How are they often studied? Presentation of self, class conflict, friends?

6. SOCIAL NETWORKING
SITES
Post-demographics is a recognition that profiles are made of
interests, i.e., favorite media interests (movies, TV shows, books)
Study how profilers make use of preferences.
How else may they be studied? As post-demographics

CONCLUSION:
METHODS IN NEW MEDIA
1. Links as reputation markers.
2. Websites as archived objects awaiting study.
3. Engines as epistemological machines with new orders of things.
{4. Spheres as demaracted engine spaces for comparative study.}
{5. Webs as national, to diagnose the condition of a country.}
6. Social networking sites as sets of friends' (post-demographic)
tastes.
{7. Wikipedia as networked content, dependent on bots for quality.}
{8. Twitter as source of accounts on the ground.}
DIGITAL METHODS FOR (NEW) MEDIA RESEARCH

"There are methods in media."
THANK YOU
Digital Methods Initiative, http://www.digitalmethods.net
Govcom.org Foundation, http://www.govcom.org
Prof. Dr. Richard Rogers, University of Amsterdam, rogers@uva.nl

Rogers digitalmethods 4nov2010

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