This document provides an overview of INSPIRE, the Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe. It discusses INSPIRE's goals of improving environmental protection across borders by facilitating the sharing and combination of geospatial data. It outlines INSPIRE's key components, including its 34 data themes, metadata requirements, and network services like discovery, view and download services. It also presents statistics on INSPIRE's implementation in Germany and Europe, such as increasing numbers of available services and metadata records. Finally, it discusses some experiences in using Germany's national geoportal and INSPIRE-compliant services, noting both successes and opportunities for improvement.
Mastering MySQL Database Architecture: Deep Dive into MySQL Shell and MySQL R...
Interoperable provision of geodata and services according to the INSPIRE Directive in German geoportal sites
1. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany
1
Interoperable provision of geodata and services
according to the INSPIRE Directive in German
geoportal sites
ICA Commission on Geoinformation Infrastructures and Standards
SDI-Open 2015
2. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany
2
Outline
• Part 1: Overview about INSPIRE
• Part 2: Some findings about INSPIRE‘s implementation and adoption
– regarding Gemany‘s federal SDI
– Regarding Baden-Württemberg ( a Germen state)
• Summary
5. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany
5
Rationale
• 20% of the EU citizens (115 million) live within 50 km from a border.
• 70% of all fresh water bodies in Europe are part of a trans-boundary river basin.
• But: Environmental phenomena (polutions and disasters) do not stop at national borders!
VladoCetl:INSPIREprinciples,componentsandimplementation.
http://www.inspire.gv.at/dms/inspire/dateien/INSPIRE-Training-2014--
Aalborg-DK/
• Goals regarding the environment:
– Support high level of protection of the environment across national borders
– Enhance sensitivity of the citizens regarding environmental information and
policy making/decisions
+
• Added economic value --> promotion of the (geospatial) business
6. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany
6
• General rules to establish an Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe for
Community environmental policies and policies
• Policies or activities with impact on the environment
• INSPIRE is built on the SDIs established and operated by the Member States +
European INSPIRE portal (JRC)
• Spatial data held by/on behalf of public authorities
• Does not require collection of new data
INSPIRE Directive (2007)
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-
content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32007L0002&from=EN
7. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany
7
Common principles
• Efficiency: Data should be collected only once and kept where it can be
maintained most effectively.
• Ability of combination and sharing: It should be possible to combine
seamless spatial information from different sources across Europe and share
it with many users and applications.
• Scale independency: It should be possible for information collected at one
level/scale to be shared with all levels/scales; detailed for thorough
investigations, general for strategic purposes.
• Transparency: Geographic information needed for good governance at all
levels should be readily and transparently available.
• Accessibility: Easy to find what geographic information is available, how it
can be used to meet a particular need, and under which conditions it can be
acquired and used.
After: http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/index.cfm/pageid/48
Concerning
34 geodata
themes
8. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany
8
INSPIRE is a Framework Directive
• Implementing Rules (IR): legal acts for
1. Metadata
2. Data Themes and their Specifications
3. Network based Services (discovery, view, download, transform, invoke)
4. Data and Service Sharing
5. Monitoring and Reporting
• To achieve and to assure interoperability of
1) spatial data sets and
2) Services
• Supported/Detailed by Technical Guidelines (TG)
9. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany
10
1. Metadata
• metadata for spatial data
– For discovery, evaluation and use
– keywords
– simple search criteria about key characteristics about the data set
– Spatial and temporal extent
– Must be kept consistent with the actual resource
and
• metadata for services (ISO19139)
– enables the discovery of spatial data services.
– service type
– operations parameters
– geographic information
10. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany
11
34 Spatial Data Themes laid down in 3 Annexes – (required to successfully build
environmental information systems)
2. Data themes
1. Coordinate reference
systems
2. Geographical grid systems
3. Geographical names
4. Administrative units
5. Addresses
6. Cadastral parcels
7. Transport networks (Road,
rail, air and water, ...)
8. Hydrography (marine areas
and all other water bodies,
...)
9. Protected sites
10. Elevation
11. Land cover
12. Orthoimagery (from either
satellite or airborne sensors)
13. Geology (bedrock, aquifers
and geomorphology)
Annex I Annex II
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-
content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=OJ:L:2007:108:FULL&from=EN
11. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany
12
Annex III
14. Statistical units
15. Buildings
16. Soil
17. Land use
18. Human health and safety
19. Utility and governmental services
20. Environmental monitoring facilities
21. Production and industrial facilities
22. Agricultural and aquaculture facilities
23. Population distribution — demography
24. Area management/restriction/regulation
zones and reporting units (dumping sites,
restricted areas, …)
25. Natural risk zones
26. Atmospheric conditions
27. Meteorological geographical features
28. Oceanographic geographical features
29. Sea regions
30. Bio-geographical regions
31. Habitats and biotopes
32. Species distribution
33. Energy
34. Mineral resources
2. Data themes (cont‘d
12. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany
13
Data Sets according to Data Specifications
• Required: Semantic Interoperability
– possibility to combine harmonized spatial data (and services) from different
sources across the European Community in a consistent manner:
• Interoperable spatial feature types (attributes, data types, code lists,
relationships)
• common system of unique identifiers
• As well required:
– a common encoding (GML application schemas)
– common portrayal rules
• Public bodies can transform their spatial data into the relevant INSPIRE Data
Specification schema
13. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany
14
3. Services
"… are necessary for sharing spatial data between the various levels of public authority
in the Community." [DIRECTIVE 2007/2/EC (17)]
• Network services: service oriented architecture (SOA)
– Metadata allow the description, discovery, and automatic usage of services
– Services can be combined
– Support by additional services and functionalities (i.e. Authentication,
Authorisation, DRM, eCommerce)
14. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany
15
3. Service categories
• Discovery services: search for spatial data sets and services on the basis of the content of
corresponding metadata, and display the metadata content;
• View services: as a minimum, display, navigate, zoom in/out, pan, or overlay spatial data
sets and display legend information and any relevant content of metadata;
• Download services: enabling copies of complete spatial data sets, or of parts of such sets,
to be downloaded and where practicable, accessed directly;
---> Download predefined data sets (atom) or data objects (WFS)
• Transformation services (for SRS and Data Models), enabling spatial data sets to be
transformed with a view to achieving interoperability;
• Invoke SD services: allowing spatial data services to be invoked.
Registers
Service
Metadata
Data Set
Metadata
Registry Service Discovery Service
Rights Management Layers
Applications and Geoportals
Service Bus
InvokeSD
Service
Transf.
Service
Spatial Data
Sets
View
Service
Download
Service
Data
Layer
Service
Layer
Appl.
Layer
Modifiiedafter:INSPIREServiceArchitecture,EuroGeographicsNetworkServices
Workshop,5-6February2008,graham.vowles@ordnancesurvey.co.uk
15. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany
17
Source: Technical Guidance for the implementation of INSPIRE Discovery Services.
http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/documents/Network_Services/TechnicalGuidance_DiscoveryServices_v3.1.pdf [2015-08-11]
16. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany
19
Mapping INSPIRE to OGC Services
• View => WMS, WMTS, WTS
• Discovery => CSW, SWE
• Download ~ WFS and extensions, WCS, SOS
• Transformation, ~ CT OR Coordinate Transformation as WPS Profile
+ Schema Translation
• Invoke SD ~WPS
Service
After: INSPIRE Service Architecture, EuroGeographics Network Services Workshop, 5-6 February 2008,
graham.vowles@ordnancesurvey.co.uk
17. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany
20
Specific requirements
partially extending / narrowing OGC‘s standards
• Integration of INSPIRE Service Metadata in the Capabilities documents?
• Fulfilment of quality of service (QoS) requirements: Capacity > 30 request/s,
Availability: maximum unplanned downtime of 3.63 days per year (Service
Availability is vital for SDIs!)
• Support of spatial reference systems EPSG:4326 and EPSG:4258 (ETRS89) (at least)
including Bounding Box elements for the data layers?
• Support of cartographic projections: Lambert-Conformal-Conic (EPSG:4839) and for
scales >1:500.000 Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)
• Coupling of Services, data and metadata (LayerTags <Identifier> and
<MetadataURL>)
• Cartographic legends for each style
• Multi-language support, i.e. in the Capabilities document (LANGUAGE Parameter
extension)
OGC
compliant
products
INSPIRE
compliant
products
18. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany
21
4. Agreements on sharing, access and use
• Member States shall adopt measures for the sharing of spatial data sets and
services between public authorities.
• In addition those measures shall enable the relevant users, public and private, to
gain access to spatial data sets and services, and to exchange and use those sets
and services.
Jes Ryttersgaard: Overview of INSPIRE.
https://www.fig.net/resources/proceedings/fig_proceedings/cairo/papers/ts_42/ts42_02_ryttersgaa
rd.pdf [2015-08-11]
19. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany
22
5. Monitoring & Reporting
• For member states: obligation to report on the setup and operation of their
respective geodata infrastructure as well as on the state of implementation of the
INSPIRE directive.
– For this purpose key figures on the infrastructure elements and content, such
as geodatasets, network services and permanent descriptive metadata are
every year collected, evaluated and published (Monitoring).
• Reporting: every three years
http://www.geoportal.de/EN/GDI-DE/INSPIRE/Directive/Monitoring-
and-Reporting/monitoring-and-reporting.html?lang=en
24. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany
30
User experience in general:
Feedback on the successful use of the INSPIRE
geoportal
Source: Mid-term Evaluation Report on INSPIRE Implementation (Technical report No 17/2014 ),
http://www.geodaten.niedersachsen.de/download/96290/Einzelergebnis_INSPIRE_Public_Consultation_2014_7-Jahres_Online-
Konsultation_.pdf [2015-08-16]
25. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany
31
Discoverability and Accessibility of Spatial
Datasets in EU Geoportal and National
Geoportals
Source: Mid-term Evaluation Report on INSPIRE Implementation (Technical report No 17/2014 ),
http://www.geodaten.niedersachsen.de/download/96290/Einzelergebnis_INSPIRE_Public_Consultation_2014_7-Jahres_Online-
Konsultation_.pdf [2015-08-16]
26. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany
32
Main obstacles to INSPIRE implementation
from 2014 INSPIRE Public Consultation0
50
100
150
200
Technical complexity (MD, web services, transformations, data specs,…
Coordination: Top-down only / national /regionals coordination -…
Communication: Lack of awareness / capacity building/INSPIRE for…
Data harmonisation / too wide scope/multi ways to implement/data…
Access to data - Open data - PSI - licensing - 3rd party IPRs-data sharing
Lack of Human resources (IT/Domain experts)
INSPIRE in the organisation product. line/national requirements/motivation
Financing - EU/ National/local - implementation is too costly also for…
Quality / completeness/ usefulness of MD / limited use of EU Geoportal
Use cases - demonstrations - concrete benefits
Senior level / political commitment
Constant IT/TG development - SW missing to implement/use(WFS) -…
EU Directive requirements integration (reporting eGovernment, but also…
International standards interactions (OGC mainly, but also IHO, WMO)
Relevance of INSPIRE, too complex, not demand - user based
Long term vision/maintenance EU-national
INSPIRE data not certified for decision making / conformance/service levels
Ambitious road map / too long for implementation
Total responses
Data users
Data producers
Source:afterMid-termEvaluationReportonINSPIREImplementation(TechnicalreportNo17/2014),
http://www.geodaten.niedersachsen.de/download/96290/Einzelergebnis_INSPIRE_Public_Consultati
on_2014_7-Jahres_Online-Konsultation_.pdf[2015-08-16]
28. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany
34
German Level
• Some statistics
• Some usability experiences
Member States shall ensure that appropriate
structures and mechanisms are designated.
30. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany
37
Accessibility of metadata for the services through
discovery services (Germany, 2013-2014)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
Discover
services View services
Download
services Transformation
services Services to
invoke Geodata
services
Other services
4
6334
5624
0
3
34
2013
2014
31. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany
38
Accessibility of metadata for the spatial data
sets (Germany, 2013-2014)
2013
20140
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
All geodata
themes Themes Appendix
I Themes Appendix
II Themes Appendix
III
2013
2014
51. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany
58
Reported Services of different Bodies on State
level (BW, 2009-2014)
Source: http://www.geoportal-bw.de/geoportal/export/sites/default/galleries/
downloads/Auswertung_INSPIRE-Monitoring_2015_GDI-BW_V01.pdf
56. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany
63
Geodata Base (Geodatenbasis)
Annex I
1. Coordinate reference systems
2. Geographical grid systems
3. Geographical names
4. Administrative units
5. Addresses
6. Cadastral parcels
7. Transport networks (Road, rail,
air and water, ...)
8. Hydrography (marine areas and
all other water bodies, ...)
9. Protected sitesNo data!
166 entries, listed
according to the
INSPIRE annexes.
61. INSPIRE|SDI|Germany
68
Conclusions (part II)
• Much work has been done in the last 8 years.
• Basically many services and geodata themes can be discovered.
• Implementation and usability however, at least in some cases, is quite poor.
• Apparently the technical/personal infrastructure for fully functional SDIs is not
available everywhere.
• Widespread usage requires:
– [EU and] Member States should ensure that appropriate structures and
mechanisms are designated.
– The existence of these geodata and services must be communicated and
advertised more intensively to companies and private citizens. [Spatineo 2015]
Notas del editor
Vlado Cetl: INSPIRE principles, components and implementation. http://www.inspire.gv.at/dms/inspire/dateien/INSPIRE-Training-2014--Aalborg-DK/INSPIRE-Training-2014---Teil-2---principles--components-and-implementation/INSPIRE%20Training%202014%20-%20Teil%202%20-%20principles,%20components%20and%20implementation.ppt
Environmental phenomena (and disasters) do not stop at national borders!
20% of the EU citizens (115 million) live within 50 km from a border.
70% of all fresh water bodies in Europe are part of a trans-boundary river basin.
1.
Coordinate reference systems
Systems for uniquely referencing spatial information in space as a set of coordinates (x, y, z) and/or latitude and longitude and height, based on a geodetic horizontal and vertical datum.
2.
Geographical grid systems
Harmonised multi-resolution grid with a common point of origin and standardised location and size of grid cells.
3.
Geographical names
Names of areas, regions, localities, cities, suburbs, towns or settlements, or any geographical or topographical feature of public or historical interest.
4.
Administrative units
Units of administration, dividing areas where Member States have and/or exercise jurisdictional rights, for local, regional and national governance, separated by administrative boundaries.
5.
Addresses
Location of properties based on address identifiers, usually by road name, house number, postal code.
6.
Cadastral parcels
Areas defined by cadastral registers or equivalent.
7.
Transport networks
Road, rail, air and water transport networks and related infrastructure. Includes links between different networks. Also includes the trans-European transport network as defined in Decision No 1692/96/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 July 1996 on Community Guidelines for the development of the trans-European transport network (1) and future revisions of that Decision.
8.
Hydrography
levation
Digital elevation models for land, ice and ocean surface. Includes terrestrial elevation, bathymetry and shoreline.
2.
Land cover
Physical and biological cover of the earth's surface including artificial surfaces, agricultural areas, forests, (semi-)natural areas, wetlands, water bodies.
3.
Orthoimagery
Geo-referenced image data of the Earth's surface, from either satellite or airborne sensors.
4.
Geology
Geology characterised according to composition and structure. Includes bedrock, aquifers and geomorphology.
Hydrographic elements, including marine areas and all other water bodies and items related to them, including river basins and sub-basins. Where appropriate, according to the definitions set out in Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy (2) and in the form of networks.
9.
Protected sites
Area designated or managed within a framework of international, Community and Member States' legislation to achieve specific conservation objectives.
1.Statistical units
Units for dissemination or use of statistical information.
2.Buildings
Geographical location of buildings.
3.Soil
Soils and subsoil characterised according to depth, texture, structure and content of particles and organic material, stoniness, erosion, where appropriate mean slope and anticipated water storage capacity.
4.Land use
Territory characterised according to its current and future planned functional dimension or socio-economic purpose (e.g. residential, industrial, commercial, agricultural, forestry, recreational).
5.Human health and safety
Geographical distribution of dominance of pathologies (allergies, cancers, respiratory diseases, etc.), information indicating the effect on health (biomarkers, decline of fertility, epidemics) or well-being of humans (fatigue, stress, etc.) linked directly (air pollution, chemicals, depletion of the ozone layer, noise, etc.) or indirectly (food, genetically modified organisms, etc.) to the quality of the environment.
6.Utility and governmental services
Includes utility facilities such as sewage, waste management, energy supply and water supply, administrative and social governmental services such as public administrations, civil protection sites, schools and hospitals.
7.Environmental monitoring facilities
Location and operation of environmental monitoring facilities includes observation and measurement of emissions, of the state of environmental media and of other ecosystem parameters (biodiversity, ecological conditions of vegetation, etc.) by or on behalf of public authorities.
8.Production and industrial facilities
Industrial production sites, including installations covered by Council Directive 96/61/EC of 24 September 1996 concerning integrated pollution prevention and control (1) and water abstraction facilities, mining, storage sites.
9.Agricultural and aquaculture facilities
Farming equipment and production facilities (including irrigation systems, greenhouses and stables).
10.Population distribution — demography
Geographical distribution of people, including population characteristics and activity levels, aggregated by grid, region, administrative unit or other analytical unit.
11.Area management/restriction/regulation zones and reporting units
Areas managed, regulated or used for reporting at international, European, national, regional and local levels. Includes dumping sites, restricted areas around drinking water sources, nitrate-vulnerable zones, regulated fairways at sea or large inland waters, areas for the dumping of waste, noise restriction zones, prospecting and mining permit areas, river basin districts, relevant reporting units and coastal zone management areas.
12.Natural risk zones
Vulnerable areas characterised according to natural hazards (all atmospheric, hydrologic, seismic, volcanic and wildfire phenomena that, because of their location, severity, and frequency, have the potential to seriously affect society), e.g. floods, landslides and subsidence, avalanches, forest fires, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions.
13.Atmospheric conditions
Physical conditions in the atmosphere. Includes spatial data based on measurements, on models or on a combination thereof and includes measurement locations.
14.Meteorological geographical features
Weather conditions and their measurements; precipitation, temperature, evapotranspiration, wind speed and direction.
15.Oceanographic geographical features
Physical conditions of oceans (currents, salinity, wave heights, etc.).
16.Sea regions
Physical conditions of seas and saline water bodies divided into regions and sub-regions with common characteristics.
17.Bio-geographical regions
Areas of relatively homogeneous ecological conditions with common characteristics.
18.Habitats and biotopes
Geographical areas characterised by specific ecological conditions, processes, structure, and (life support) functions that physically support the organisms that live there. Includes terrestrial and aquatic areas distinguished by geographical, abiotic and biotic features, whether entirely natural or semi-natural.
19.Species distribution
Geographical distribution of occurrence of animal and plant species aggregated by grid, region, administrative unit or other analytical unit.
20.Energy resources
Energy resources including hydrocarbons, hydropower, bio-energy, solar, wind, etc., where relevant including depth/height information on the extent of the resource.
21.Mineral resources
Mineral resources including metal ores, industrial minerals, etc., where relevant including depth/height information on the extent of the resource.
The shading of each country indicates the percentage of high-availability services while the bars on the bottom show the number of both total services and high-availability services over time. Users can choose to inspect either the current month or any previous month.
The high level SDI status data shown on the map immediately reveals that there is healthy growth in this sector. The quantity of spatial web services has continued to grow steadily over the past two years and the number of compliant services available is very promising.
The high level SDI status data shown on the map immediately reveals that there is healthy growth in this sector. The quantity of spatial web services has continued to grow steadily over the past two years and the number of compliant services available is very promising.
The coordinating structures in the Member States can also be considered in relation to the organisations taking the lead.
In many countries, the lead has been assigned to the National Mapping and Cadastral Agencies (NMCAs), while in others it is the ministry for the environment, or equivalent, that is taking the lead.
In a few cases, other ministries (e.g. informatics or communications) take the leading role.