bio 101

1. Chapter 6: pp. 103-116 Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. solar energy heat heat heat heat Mechanical energy Chemical energy

4. Flow of Energy solar energy heat heat heat heat Mechanical energy Chemical energy Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

6. Carbohydrate Metabolism Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. carbohydrate muscle contraction heat

7. Cells and Energy Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. C 6 H 12 O 6 H 2 O CO 2 channel protein energy energy a. b. • more organized • more potential energy • less stable (entropy) Glucose • less organized • less potential energy • more stable (entropy) Carbon dioxide and water Unequal distribution of hydrogen ions • more organized • more potential energy • less stable (entropy) Equal distribution of hydrogen ions • less organized • less potential energy • more stable (entropy) H + H + H + H + H + H + H + H + H + H + H + H + H + H + H + H + H + H +

10. The ATP Cycle Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. a. b. adenosine triphosphate Energy from exergonic reactions (e.g., cellular respiration) P P P ADP + adenosine diphosphate phosphate + + P Energy for endergonic reactions (e.g., protein synthesis, nerve conduction, muscle contraction) P P P A T P 2.25 b: © Darwin Dale/Photo Researchers, Inc.

15. Animation Please note that due to differing operating systems, some animations will not appear until the presentation is viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide Show view). You may see blank slides in the “Normal” or “Slide Sorter” views. All animations will appear after viewing in Presentation Mode and playing each animation. Most animations will require the latest version of the Flash Player, which is available at http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer.

17. Animation Please note that due to differing operating systems, some animations will not appear until the presentation is viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide Show view). You may see blank slides in the “Normal” or “Slide Sorter” views. All animations will appear after viewing in Presentation Mode and playing each animation. Most animations will require the latest version of the Flash Player, which is available at http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer.

19. Energy of Activation Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Progress of the Reaction energy of reactant energy of product energy of activation (E a ) enzyme not present enzyme present Free Energy energy of activation (E a )

20. Animation Please note that due to differing operating systems, some animations will not appear until the presentation is viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide Show view). You may see blank slides in the “Normal” or “Slide Sorter” views. All animations will appear after viewing in Presentation Mode and playing each animation. Most animations will require the latest version of the Flash Player, which is available at http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer.

22. Animation Please note that due to differing operating systems, some animations will not appear until the presentation is viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide Show view). You may see blank slides in the “Normal” or “Slide Sorter” views. All animations will appear after viewing in Presentation Mode and playing each animation. Most animations will require the latest version of the Flash Player, which is available at http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer.

24. Degradation vs. Synthesis Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Degradation The substrate is broken down to smaller products. products substrate enzyme a. b. active site enzyme-substrate complex enzyme Synthesis The substrates are combined to produce a larger product. product substrates enzyme active site enzyme-substrate complex enzyme

26. Animation Please note that due to differing operating systems, some animations will not appear until the presentation is viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide Show view). You may see blank slides in the “Normal” or “Slide Sorter” views. All animations will appear after viewing in Presentation Mode and playing each animation. Most animations will require the latest version of the Flash Player, which is available at http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer.

28. Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity: pH Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Rate of Reaction (product per unit of time) pH 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 1 12 trypsin pepsin

30. Animation Please note that due to differing operating systems, some animations will not appear until the presentation is viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide Show view). You may see blank slides in the “Normal” or “Slide Sorter” views. All animations will appear after viewing in Presentation Mode and playing each animation. Most animations will require the latest version of the Flash Player, which is available at http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer.

32. Cofactor at Active Site Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. substrate active site cofactor a. b.

33. Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity: Feedback Inhibition Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 2 active site enzymes substrates allosteric site E 2 E 3 E 4 E 5 A A F (end product) A Metabolic pathway produces F, the end product. F binds to allosteric site and the active site of E 1 changes shape. A cannot bind to E 1 ; the enzyme has been inhibited by F. B C D E E 1 E 1 E 1 E 1 F 3 1 F (end product) (end product)

34. Animation Please note that due to differing operating systems, some animations will not appear until the presentation is viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide Show view). You may see blank slides in the “Normal” or “Slide Sorter” views. All animations will appear after viewing in Presentation Mode and playing each animation. Most animations will require the latest version of the Flash Player, which is available at http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer.

37. Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

39. A Metaphor for the Electron Transport Chain Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. high-energy electrons low-energy electrons electron transport chain ATP energy for synthesis of e e

40. Chemiosmosis Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ATP synthase complex energy from electron transfers H + H + High H + concentration Low H + concentration H + pump in electron transport chain H + H + H + H + H + ATP ADP + P

42. Chapter 6: pp. 103-116 Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes