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Diagramas de flujo
- 1. Unidad I Algoritmos y Diagramas de Flujo
- 2. Introducción • La principal razón para aprender a programar es utilizar la computadora para resolver problemas • Algoritmo”: se deriva de la traducción al latín de la palabra árabe “alkhowarizmi”, nombre del matemático árabe que enunció reglas paso a paso para sumar, restar, multiplicar y dividir números decimalse
- 3. ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 4th Ed Chapter 6 - 3 Introducción • La solución al problema deberá obtenerse en un tiempo finito también utilizando una cantidad finita de datos
- 4. ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 4th Ed Chapter 6 - 4 Introducción • Un algoritmo es una serie de pasos secuenciales y organizados que describe el proceso a seguir para solucionar un problema específico. • Por su aplicación, tenemos Dos tipos de algoritmos: – Cualitativos: Emplean palabras. Ej: Receta de cocina, cambiar una llanta, usar la guía telefónica. – Cuantitativos: Utilizan cálculos numéricos. Resolver una ecuación de 2º grado.
- 5. ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 4th Ed Chapter 6 - 5 Lenguajes algorítmicos • Un lenguaje algorítmico es un conjunto de símbolos y reglas que permiten describir de manera explícita un proceso o algoritmo para resolver un problema por medio de una computadora. • Es independiente de cualquier lenguaje de programación. • Debe permitir una traducción clara del algoritmo al lenguaje de programación.
- 6. ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 4th Ed Chapter 6 - 6 Lenguajes algorítmicos • Por la forma de expresarlos, existen dos tipos de lenguajes algorítmicos: – Gráficos: Diagramas de flujo. – No gráficos: Pseudocódigo.
- 7. ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 4th Ed Chapter 6 - 7 Diagramas de flujo • Es una forma de representar gráficamente un algoritmo. • Cada paso se escribe dentro de un símbolo. • Los pasos se conectan unos con otros mediante líneas de flujo. • Son fáciles de diseñar, pero difíciles de actualizar.
- 8. ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 4th Ed Chapter 6 - 8 Diagramas de flujo • Los símbolos que utiliza están normalizados:
- 9. ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 4th Ed Chapter 6 - 9 Diagramas de flujo
- 10. ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 4th Ed Chapter 6 - 10 Ejemplo de diagrama de flujo • Diseñe un algoritmo que lea 3 números, los sume e imprima el resultado :
- 11. ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 4th Ed Chapter 6 - 11 Reglas para los diagramas de flujo • Los Diagramas de flujo deben escribirse de arriba hacia abajo, y/o de izquierda a derecha. • Los símbolos se unen con líneas, las cuales tienen en la punta una flecha que indica la próxima instrucción a ejecutarse o la dirección de la secuencia de ejecución. • se deben de utilizar solamente líneas de flujo horizontal o verticales (nunca diagonales).
- 12. ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 4th Ed Chapter 6 - 12 Recomendaciones para los diagramas de flujo • Se debe evitar el cruce de líneas, en caso de ser necesario separar el flujo del diagrama a un sitio distinto, se puede realizar utilizando los conectores. Se debe tener en cuenta que solo se van a utilizar conectores cuando sea estrictamente necesario. • No deben quedar líneas de flujo sin conectar • Todo texto escrito dentro de un símbolo debe ser legible, preciso, evitando el uso de muchas palabras.
- 13. 4th Ed Chapter 6 - 13 Recomendaciones para los diagramas de flujo • Todos los símbolos pueden tener más de una línea de entrada, a excepción del símbolo final. • Solo los símbolos de decisión pueden y deben tener mas de una línea de flujo de salida.
- 14. 4th Ed Chapter 6 - 14 Recomendaciones para los diagramas de flujo • Ser breves y claros con lo que se escriba dentro de los símbolos.
Notas del editor
- In Chapter 5, we studied selection control statements. We will study in this chapter the second type of control statement, a repetition statement, that alters the sequential control flow. It controls the number of times a block of code is executed. In other words, a block of code is executed repeatedly until some condition occurs to stop the repetition. There are fundamentally two ways to stop the repetition—count-controlled and sentinel-controlled.
- In Chapter 5, we studied selection control statements. We will study in this chapter the second type of control statement, a repetition statement, that alters the sequential control flow. It controls the number of times a block of code is executed. In other words, a block of code is executed repeatedly until some condition occurs to stop the repetition. There are fundamentally two ways to stop the repetition—count-controlled and sentinel-controlled.
- In Chapter 5, we studied selection control statements. We will study in this chapter the second type of control statement, a repetition statement, that alters the sequential control flow. It controls the number of times a block of code is executed. In other words, a block of code is executed repeatedly until some condition occurs to stop the repetition. There are fundamentally two ways to stop the repetition—count-controlled and sentinel-controlled.
- In Chapter 5, we studied selection control statements. We will study in this chapter the second type of control statement, a repetition statement, that alters the sequential control flow. It controls the number of times a block of code is executed. In other words, a block of code is executed repeatedly until some condition occurs to stop the repetition. There are fundamentally two ways to stop the repetition—count-controlled and sentinel-controlled.
- In Chapter 5, we studied selection control statements. We will study in this chapter the second type of control statement, a repetition statement, that alters the sequential control flow. It controls the number of times a block of code is executed. In other words, a block of code is executed repeatedly until some condition occurs to stop the repetition. There are fundamentally two ways to stop the repetition—count-controlled and sentinel-controlled.
- In Chapter 5, we studied selection control statements. We will study in this chapter the second type of control statement, a repetition statement, that alters the sequential control flow. It controls the number of times a block of code is executed. In other words, a block of code is executed repeatedly until some condition occurs to stop the repetition. There are fundamentally two ways to stop the repetition—count-controlled and sentinel-controlled.
- In Chapter 5, we studied selection control statements. We will study in this chapter the second type of control statement, a repetition statement, that alters the sequential control flow. It controls the number of times a block of code is executed. In other words, a block of code is executed repeatedly until some condition occurs to stop the repetition. There are fundamentally two ways to stop the repetition—count-controlled and sentinel-controlled.
- In Chapter 5, we studied selection control statements. We will study in this chapter the second type of control statement, a repetition statement, that alters the sequential control flow. It controls the number of times a block of code is executed. In other words, a block of code is executed repeatedly until some condition occurs to stop the repetition. There are fundamentally two ways to stop the repetition—count-controlled and sentinel-controlled.
- In Chapter 5, we studied selection control statements. We will study in this chapter the second type of control statement, a repetition statement, that alters the sequential control flow. It controls the number of times a block of code is executed. In other words, a block of code is executed repeatedly until some condition occurs to stop the repetition. There are fundamentally two ways to stop the repetition—count-controlled and sentinel-controlled.
- In Chapter 5, we studied selection control statements. We will study in this chapter the second type of control statement, a repetition statement, that alters the sequential control flow. It controls the number of times a block of code is executed. In other words, a block of code is executed repeatedly until some condition occurs to stop the repetition. There are fundamentally two ways to stop the repetition—count-controlled and sentinel-controlled.
- In Chapter 5, we studied selection control statements. We will study in this chapter the second type of control statement, a repetition statement, that alters the sequential control flow. It controls the number of times a block of code is executed. In other words, a block of code is executed repeatedly until some condition occurs to stop the repetition. There are fundamentally two ways to stop the repetition—count-controlled and sentinel-controlled.
- In Chapter 5, we studied selection control statements. We will study in this chapter the second type of control statement, a repetition statement, that alters the sequential control flow. It controls the number of times a block of code is executed. In other words, a block of code is executed repeatedly until some condition occurs to stop the repetition. There are fundamentally two ways to stop the repetition—count-controlled and sentinel-controlled.
- In Chapter 5, we studied selection control statements. We will study in this chapter the second type of control statement, a repetition statement, that alters the sequential control flow. It controls the number of times a block of code is executed. In other words, a block of code is executed repeatedly until some condition occurs to stop the repetition. There are fundamentally two ways to stop the repetition—count-controlled and sentinel-controlled.