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Teoría Estimulo-Respuesta




   Condicionamiento operante
• C. Clásico      C. Operante


Estimulo-luego
                 Respuesta- luego
respuesta        estimulo
Refuerzos
•    Positivos                     Negativos

    Entrega de                     Acontecimient
    recompensa                     o no deseado
                                   que puede
                                   retenerse o
                                   suprimirse

    EJ:                            EJ:

    Una nena que ha                La nena realiza bien la
    hecho bien la                  tarea y su madre por
    tarea y la madre               esta vez le permite no
    le entrega                     limpiar la habitación de
    caramelos                      su hermano.
Técnicas
Preparación       poner las bases para producir una conducta
deseada que es improbable que ocurra de otra forma


Modelado           se administra un refuerzo por una conducta que
se aproxima a la conducta deseada


Encadenamiento          reforzamientos de componentes aislados
o de partes de una conducta compleja.
 Proactivo : se refuerza cada paso de una conducta en el orden en
que ocurren.
 Retroactivo: se refuerzan los últimos pasos de una conducta
compleja antes que los primeros.
Contracondicionamiento:           se suprime una conducta no
deseada y se reemplaza por una conducta deseable mediante el uso
del reforzamiento




Economia de fichas            uso de fichas como refuerzo para
desarrollar conductas deseables; los refuerzos o fichas se cambian
después por otros objetos que tengan mayor valor para el sujeto



Extinción           reducción o eliminación de una respuesta mediante
la eliminación del reforzamiento.
Limitaciones de la teoría E-R
Se cree que el condicionamiento solamente es un medio para modificar
las conductas en circunstancias limitadas.


Las teorías E-R no siempre funcionan


 Según Robert Bolles el cambio de expectativas, más que el refuerzo
 en sí mismo, es lo que permite modificar las pautas conductuales

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Condicionamiento operante el mas pro

  • 1. Teoría Estimulo-Respuesta Condicionamiento operante
  • 2. • C. Clásico C. Operante Estimulo-luego Respuesta- luego respuesta estimulo
  • 3. Refuerzos • Positivos Negativos Entrega de Acontecimient recompensa o no deseado que puede retenerse o suprimirse EJ: EJ: Una nena que ha La nena realiza bien la hecho bien la tarea y su madre por tarea y la madre esta vez le permite no le entrega limpiar la habitación de caramelos su hermano.
  • 4. Técnicas Preparación poner las bases para producir una conducta deseada que es improbable que ocurra de otra forma Modelado se administra un refuerzo por una conducta que se aproxima a la conducta deseada Encadenamiento reforzamientos de componentes aislados o de partes de una conducta compleja. Proactivo : se refuerza cada paso de una conducta en el orden en que ocurren. Retroactivo: se refuerzan los últimos pasos de una conducta compleja antes que los primeros.
  • 5. Contracondicionamiento: se suprime una conducta no deseada y se reemplaza por una conducta deseable mediante el uso del reforzamiento Economia de fichas uso de fichas como refuerzo para desarrollar conductas deseables; los refuerzos o fichas se cambian después por otros objetos que tengan mayor valor para el sujeto Extinción reducción o eliminación de una respuesta mediante la eliminación del reforzamiento.
  • 6. Limitaciones de la teoría E-R Se cree que el condicionamiento solamente es un medio para modificar las conductas en circunstancias limitadas. Las teorías E-R no siempre funcionan Según Robert Bolles el cambio de expectativas, más que el refuerzo en sí mismo, es lo que permite modificar las pautas conductuales