An energy crisis is any great bottleneck (or price rise) in the supply of energy resources to an economy. In popular literature though, it often refers to one of the energy sources used at a certain time and place, particularly those that supply national electricity grids or serve as fuel for vehicles

1. Energy Crisis, Different Energy Sources
and Role of Power Electronics
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BY
MAFAZ AHMED

2. Energy Crisis
Definition
“An energy crisis is any great bottleneck (or price rise) in the
supply of energy resources to an economy. In popular literature
though, it often refers to one of the energy sources used at a
certain time and place, particularly those that supply national
electricity grids or serve as fuel for vehicles.”
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3. Causes of the Energy Crisis
Overconsumption
Overpopulation
Poor Infrastructure
Unexplored Renewable Energy Options
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4. Causes of the Energy Crisis
Delay in Commissioning of Power Plants
Wastage of Energy
Poor Distribution System
Major Accidents and Natural Calamities
Wars and Attacks
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5. Causes of the Energy Crisis
Miscellaneous Factors
Tax hikes, strikes, political events, severe
hot summers or cold winters
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6. Effects on common people
Load shedding
 The demand of electricity exceeds supply and hence load-shedding is a
common phenomenon through frequent power shutdowns.
Energy Crisis Impact on the Economy
 Energy is pivotal for running all other resources and crisis of energy directly influences
all other sectors of the economy.
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7. Effects on common people
Agriculture sector
 Agricultural productivity of Pakistan is decreasing due to provision of energy for
running tube wells, agricultural machinery and production of fertilizers and
pesticides.
Unemployment
 Manufacturing units that do not contain their own power generation capacity these
manufacturing companies are closing down with the high rate, and in the result the
rate of unemployment of our country is also increasing.
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8. Effects on industries
Decline Of GDP
 The industrial sector of any country contributes major share in the GDP. Pakistan’s industrial
sector contributes 24% in gross-domestic product.
 The GDP is the overall output of what Pakistan earns from its internal resources.
Decline of foreign investor
 Similarly, healthy environment attracts the foreign investors. It is the foreign investment which
helps country to be counted among developed and prosperous countries.
 The countries which witness/experience the foreign direct investment when they fulfill their
needs. The needs like basic infrastructure covering roads, transportation, water supply etc.
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9. World Energy Production
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10. World Energy Consumption
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11. Energy Production in Pakistan
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12. Possible Solutions of the Energy Crisis
Move Towards Renewable Resources
Buy Energy Efficient products
Lighting Controls
Energy Simulation
Perform Energy Audit
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13. Energy Resources
The following methods can also be used to
produce electricity other than hydro power.
1.Hydro Power
2.Thermal Electricity
3. Nuclear Electricity
4. Bio Electricity
5. Solar Power
6. Wind Power
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14. Thermal Energy
 Electricity can be generated by natural resources like Oil, gas and coal, as it
turns liquid water into steam that is use to move the turbine.
 A large coal-field, having a resource
potential of about 175 billion tones,
has been discovered at Thar (Sindh).
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15. Hydro Power
The production of electrical power through the use
of the gravitational force of falling or flowing water.
Low Cost.
Environment friendly.
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16. Nuclear Energy
 Nuclear energy is the energy released by a nuclear reaction, especially by fission or
fusion.
 energy use processed uranium to make steam and generate electricity.
 Nuclear electricity generated by Uranium. More electricity can be produce with
little quantity of Uranium.
Plants in Pakistan
Karachi 137 MW
Chashma1 325 MW
Chashma2 300 MW
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17. Renewable Energy
Energy exists freely in nature.
Some of them exist infinitely (never run out,
called RENEWABLE).
The rest have finite amounts (they took millions of
years to form, and will run out one day, called NON-
RENEWABLE
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18. Bio Mass Power
 Renewable organic materials, such as wood, agricultural crops or wastes, and
municipal wastes, especially when used as a source of fuel or energy.
 Factories producing organic waste material can utilize this
method that is textile mill,
leather tanneries
and sugar mills.
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19. Solar Power
 Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either
directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using
concentrated solar power (CSP).
 Concentrated solar power systems
use lenses or mirrors and
tracking systems to
focus a large area of sunlight
into a small.
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20. Wind Energy
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• Wind energy or wind power is extracted from air flow
using wind turbines or sails to produce mechanical
or electrical energy.
• Word Windmills are Used in general.

21. Role of Power Electronics
 Power Electronics plays crucial role of conversion and control
electrical power.
 Power Electronics based power converters are also widely
used in renewable energy systems.
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22. Power Inverter
 A power inverter is an electronic device or circuitry that
changes direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC).
 The inverter does not produce any power; but changes power
from one form to the other.
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23. Types of Power Inverters
 Classification based on Output voltage waveform
1. Square wave inverter
2. Sine wave inverter
3. Modified sine wave inverter
 Classification based on Application
1. Grid-Tied Inverter
2. Off-grid Inverter
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24. Grid-Tied Inverter
 A grid-tie inverter is a power inverter that has ability to
synchronize to interface with a utility line.
 Grid-Tied Inverter is useful to integrate distributive micro
grids with a common transmission line.
 To remove the energy deficiency Grid-tied converters can play
an important role to integrate the power generating from
distributive sources with national grid.
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25. Performance Parameter of Inverters
 Efficiency
what percentage of the power that goes into the inverter comes out as usable AC
current (Measure of in system losses)
 Total Harmonic Distortion
Measure of the quality of output voltage or current
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26. THE END
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