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Food standards & food security
1. Dr Vinod Rathod
1st Year PG (PSM)
Darbhanga Medical College
FOOD STANDARDS &
FOOD SECURITY
1/6/2018 1
2. National Consumer Rights Day 2015
• 24th December
• Theme - ‘Safe food & Healthy Food’: combating food adulteration
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3. WHAT IS FOOD?
Food Means any article used as food or drink for Human
Consumption other than Drug and also includes:
- Any article which enters or used in the composition or
preparation of food
- Any flavoring matter or condiments
- Any other article notified by the Central Govt. e.g.
Packaged Drinking Water.
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4. Need to discuss??
• Food is one of the most important requirements of our life.
BUT,
• Potential source of infection
• It is liable to contamination, at any point from its production to
consumption.
• Foodborne diseases are an important cause of morbidity and mortality
worldwide.
• People have the right to expect the food they eat to be safe and suitable
for consumption.
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5. Food Adulteration
• It is an act of intentionally debasing the quality of food offered for
sale, either by the admixture or substitution of inferior substances
or by the removal of some valuable ingredient.
• Includes both ADDITION/SUBSTITUTION and INCIDENTAL
CONTAMINATION.
• “Adulterant” is any material which is or could be employed for
making the food unsafe or substandard or misbranded or
containing extraneous matter.
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6. Types of adulterants
Type Substances added
Intentional adulterants Sand, marble chips, mud, stones, talc, chalk powder, water,
mineral oil and harmful colour
Incidental adulterants Pesticide residues, dropping of birds and larvae in foods
Metallic contaminants Arsenic from pesticides, lead from water, effluent from
chemical industries and tin from cans
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7. Microbial contamination and adulteration
• Any Ready-to-eat foods if contaminated with harmful micro-
organisms.
• Whereas, raw meat products contaminated with pathogens is not
adulterated
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9. Maggi Row
• Contained an excess amount of Mono Sodium Glutamate(MSG) and
Lead.
• MSG is an preservative and flavour enhancer.
• Found in many snacks.
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11. World
• In 1987, selling artificially flavored sugar water as apple juice.
Beech-Nut company paid $2.2 million in fines for violating the
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
• In 1997, ConAgra Foods pled guilty to federal criminal charges
that one of its units illegally sprayed water on stored grain to
increase its weight and value.
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12. • In 2012, a study in India conducted by the Food Safety Standards
Authority of India (FSSAI) across 33 states found that milk in
India is adulterated with detergent, fat and even urea, as well
diluted with water. (2012 India milk adulterant scandal).
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• Occurrence of Epidemic dropsy in Delhi and neighboring states
which took toll of hundreds of lives in the month of august and
September 1998
India
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13. Impact of adulteration
• Paying more money for food of lower quality.
• Some forms of adulteration are injurious to health e.g argemone in
mustard causes Epidemic dropsy
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14. Old Food Regulations
1. Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954
2. Fruit Product Order, 1955
3. Milk and Milk Products Order, 1992
4. Vegetable Oil Products (Control) Order, 1947
5. Edible Oils Packaging (Regulation) Orders, 1998
6. The Solvent Extracted Oil, De-Oiled Meal and Edible Flour (
Control) Order,1967
7. Meat Food Products Order, 1973
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15. Food Safety & Standards Authority of India
(FSSAI)
• The Food Safety and Standards Act 2006, was passed by Indian
Parliament and notified in the gazette of India on 24th August
2006
• FSS Regulations came into force since, 5th August 2011
• All Food Business Operators in India to get Licensed
/Registered with Food Safety Authority
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16. Why FSS Act?
• Multiplicity of food laws
• Standards rigid and non-responsive to scientific advancements and
modernization
• Poor information dissemination to consumer level.
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18. Salient Features
• Defines the concept of - Novel food
- Functional food
- Substandard food
- Misbranded food
- Unsafe food
• Emphasis on risk assessment through,
Risk
Analysis
Risk
Assessment
Risk
Communication
Risk
Management
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19. Salient features contd…
• Provision of ‘Improvement Notice’.
• Prescribes graded penalties for offenses/violations.
• Two tier licensing system – Centre & State.
• Thrust on preventive actions
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20. PFA vs FSSAI
PFA FSSAI
All manufacturing units under Local
authorities
Big manufacturing units under central
licensing
Pre-inspection not compulsory Compulsory
No provision of improvement notices Provision of improvement notices
Punishment through court - Fine/penalty through adjudication
- Punishment through court
No import regulation Special Import regulation
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21. General Impact
• All big manufacturing facilities will need to be licensed by Central
Licensing Authority FSSAI
• Small scale distributors need to obtain license from State Licensing
Authority
• Periodical inspections and safety audits
• Reduction in court cases Adjudication process
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25. AGMARK
• Quality Certification Mark
• It ensures quality and purity of a product.
• It acts as a Third Party Guarantee to certify Quality
• Products are Pulses, spices, wheat products
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26. Codex Alimentarius
The Codex Alimentarius Commission, which is the principal
organ of The joint FAO/ WHO Food Standards Programme
formulates food standards for international market.
The food standards in India are based on The standards of
the codex alimentarius
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27. ISO 22000 (International Organization for
Standardization)
• This is an international standard specifies requirements for food
safety management system.
• BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards) represents India, in ISO.
• Only for guidance and not a certifying body.
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30. Food security
• “Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and
economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their
dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life”
– World Food Summit, 1996
• In the years 2011-2013, an estimated 842 million people were suffering from
chronic hunger.
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38. By the United Nations
Sdg Goal 2 targets to end hunger, achieve
food security and improved nutrition and
promote sustainable agriculture by 2030
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39. By the Food and Agriculture Organization
• World Food Day celebrated on October 16
• "twin track" approach to fight food insecurity that combines
sustainable development and short-term hunger relief
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40. By the World Food Programme
• Provides food aid to refugees and to others experiencing food emergencies
• Seeks to improve nutrition and quality of life of most vulnerable
populations and promote self-reliance
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44. • National Food Security act came into effect from JULY 5, 2013
• Objective : to ensure adequate quality food and nutritional security
to all the people at affordable prices.
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45. India has the largest food schemes in the
World
• Entitlement Feeding Programmes
• ICDS (All Children under six, Pregnant and lactating mother)
• MDMS (All Primary School children)
• Food Subsidy Programmes
• Targeted Public Distribution System (35 kgs/ month of subsidised food grains
• Annapurna (10 kgs of free food grain for destitute poor)
• Employment Programmes
• National Rural Employment Scheme (100 days of employment at minimum wages)
• Social Safety Net Programmes
• National Old Age Pension Scheme (Monthly pension to BPL)
• National Family Benefit Scheme (Compensation in case of death of bread winner to BPL
families)
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46. ICDS
• Launched on 2nd Oct, 1975
• Beneficiaries 1. Children < 6 yrs
2. Pregnant and lactating women
3. Women 15 – 45 yrs
4. Adolescent girls
Recipients Calories Gms of Protein
Children 6-72 months 500 12-15
Adolescent girls 500 20-25
Pregnant & Nursing mothers 600 18-20
Malnourished Children 800 20-25
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47. Mid-Day Meal Scheme
• First started in Tamil Nadu
• Universal in India since 2005
• Program covers 112 million children in class I to V
• Improvement in 3 areas 1. School attendance
2. Reduced dropouts
3. Beneficial impact on children’s nutrition
• Food grains Minimum 3 kgs per child per month for 10 months
• Approx 300 kcal and 8-12 grams of proteins per day
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48. National Food Security Mission (NFSM)
• Launched in October 2007
• In the 12th Five year plan it has five components
- RICE
- WHEAT
- PULSES
- COARSE CEREALS
- COMMERCIAL CROPS
Kisan ki Unnati
Desh ki Pragati
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49. Antyodaya Anna Yojana (PDS)
Bihar & Uttar Pradesh
• BPL families get 5 kg of food grains per month
• Each beneficiary is a unit
• Cost of Wheat at Rs. 2 and Rice at Rs. 3 per kg
Karnataka
• 30 kg rice per month
• Each Family as a unit
• Cost Rs. 1 per kg
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50. Annapoorna Scheme (PDS)
• Launced 1st April 2000
• Under Ministry of Rural Development
• Beneficiaries are Senior Citizens who are eligible for National Old
Age Pension Scheme(NOAPS) but not covered under the scheme
• Provided with 10 kgs (6 kgs wheat + 4 kgs rice) per month free of
cost
• Bihar currently provides this for 1,48,483 persons
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51. References
1. Park Text book of preventive and social medicine , 23rd edition
2. Text book of National Health programmes of India , 11th edition
by J. Kishore
3. MINISTRY OF LAW AND JUSTICE(Legislative Department) FOOD
SAFETY AND STANDARDS ACT, 2006, No. 34 OF 2006 [23rd
August, 2006]
4. For India: MoA, 2010 (Agricultural Statistics at a Glance 2009. For
China: National Bureau of Statistics, 2010 (China Statistical
Yearbook, 2009)
5. www.who.int
6. www.nfsm.nic.in
7. Review of targets for the sustainable developmental goals,
ICSU;ISSC
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