El documento proporciona las fechas de cierre de temporada para varios paradores en 2014, incluidas las fechas de vacaciones, suspensiones y días totales cerrados. La mayoría cerraron del 1 de enero al 28 de febrero y del 1 al 31 de diciembre, con algunos también cerrados a principios de noviembre. El parador de Tordesillas estuvo cerrado más tiempo que los demás, desde enero hasta abril y de noviembre a diciembre.
Session by Adrian Blundell-Wignall, Acting Director, Special Advisor to the Secretary-General for Financial Markets, OECD Directorate for Financial and Enterprise Affairs
The OECD’s research on Finance and Inclusive Growth has shown that over the past fifty years, credit by banks and other intermediaries to households and businesses has grown three times as fast as economic activity. While greater levels of stock market financing can boost growth, at today’s level of financial development further expansion of bank credit to the private sector is shown to not only slow growth in most OECD countries but also contribute to inequality as better-off households tend to benefit more from financial leverage. Therefore, policy makers should i.a. implement measures to reduce explicit and implicit subsidies to too-big-to-fail financial institutions and reduce the tax bias against equity. To make the financial sector more inclusive and work for people, we must also ensure that companies invest in the real economy. Data analysis of 11 000 of the world’s largest companies has shown that there is a misallocation of capital that needs to be improved in order to foster productivity growth and long-term value creation that can allow for inclusive growth. Promoting competition can support such efforts and also limit unproductive concentration of profits and wealth. New analysis also shows a fragmentation of productivity that needs to be addressed, with a majority of companies sitting in a ‘trough’ of low productivity levels and moderate growth from which it is hard to exit. The current low-interest, low-growth environment makes it also more difficult for pension funds and life insurers to keep their financial promises of providing adequate retirements incomes. These institutional investors are thus driven to pursue higher-risk investment strategies that could ultimately undermine their solvency. This potentially jeopardises the secure retirement especially of the poorest of our citizens.
Session by Rolf Alter, Director, OECD Public Governance and Territorial Development
Money plays a role both as a channel for citizens to support their candidates or political parties, and as a means for candidates and political parties to reach out to their constituencies. Access to resources for political parties and candidates also shapes political competition. Parliamentarians have an important stake in advancing the global debate on the role of money in politics. There are still many loopholes in political party funding regulations that are open to exploitation by powerful special interests. Loans, membership fees, and third party funding are all used to circumvent spending limits and other regulations. Many countries struggle to define and regulate third-party campaigning leaving them ill-equipped to prevent the channelling of election spending through supposedly independent committees and interest groups. Only a handful of countries have regulations in place for third-party campaigning and globalisation is complicating the regulation of private funding of political parties as foreign companies and wealthy individuals are often deeply integrated with domestic business interests. This OECD report finds that 29% of OECD countries have an independent electoral management body and there is no one-size-fits all model. But whatever the structure, the institutions responsible for enforcing political finance regulations should have a clear mandate, legal power and the capacity to deal with large volumes of work. While data clearly shows that sanctions are effective in improving compliance with the rules, many countries struggle to ensure sanctions that are both proportionate and dissuasive. One clear-cut lesson is that ensuring the effective implementation of political finance regulations still remains challenging in many countries. The Framework on Financing Democracy presented in this report shapes the global debate on risks and policy options, and provides tangible advice for the funding of political parties and electoral campaigns. The report also features detailed case studies of Canada, Chile, Estonia, France, Korea, Mexico, United Kingdom, Brazil and India.
Session by Adrian Blundell-Wignall, Acting Director, Special Advisor to the Secretary-General for Financial Markets, OECD Directorate for Financial and Enterprise Affairs
The OECD’s research on Finance and Inclusive Growth has shown that over the past fifty years, credit by banks and other intermediaries to households and businesses has grown three times as fast as economic activity. While greater levels of stock market financing can boost growth, at today’s level of financial development further expansion of bank credit to the private sector is shown to not only slow growth in most OECD countries but also contribute to inequality as better-off households tend to benefit more from financial leverage. Therefore, policy makers should i.a. implement measures to reduce explicit and implicit subsidies to too-big-to-fail financial institutions and reduce the tax bias against equity. To make the financial sector more inclusive and work for people, we must also ensure that companies invest in the real economy. Data analysis of 11 000 of the world’s largest companies has shown that there is a misallocation of capital that needs to be improved in order to foster productivity growth and long-term value creation that can allow for inclusive growth. Promoting competition can support such efforts and also limit unproductive concentration of profits and wealth. New analysis also shows a fragmentation of productivity that needs to be addressed, with a majority of companies sitting in a ‘trough’ of low productivity levels and moderate growth from which it is hard to exit. The current low-interest, low-growth environment makes it also more difficult for pension funds and life insurers to keep their financial promises of providing adequate retirements incomes. These institutional investors are thus driven to pursue higher-risk investment strategies that could ultimately undermine their solvency. This potentially jeopardises the secure retirement especially of the poorest of our citizens.
Session by Rolf Alter, Director, OECD Public Governance and Territorial Development
Money plays a role both as a channel for citizens to support their candidates or political parties, and as a means for candidates and political parties to reach out to their constituencies. Access to resources for political parties and candidates also shapes political competition. Parliamentarians have an important stake in advancing the global debate on the role of money in politics. There are still many loopholes in political party funding regulations that are open to exploitation by powerful special interests. Loans, membership fees, and third party funding are all used to circumvent spending limits and other regulations. Many countries struggle to define and regulate third-party campaigning leaving them ill-equipped to prevent the channelling of election spending through supposedly independent committees and interest groups. Only a handful of countries have regulations in place for third-party campaigning and globalisation is complicating the regulation of private funding of political parties as foreign companies and wealthy individuals are often deeply integrated with domestic business interests. This OECD report finds that 29% of OECD countries have an independent electoral management body and there is no one-size-fits all model. But whatever the structure, the institutions responsible for enforcing political finance regulations should have a clear mandate, legal power and the capacity to deal with large volumes of work. While data clearly shows that sanctions are effective in improving compliance with the rules, many countries struggle to ensure sanctions that are both proportionate and dissuasive. One clear-cut lesson is that ensuring the effective implementation of political finance regulations still remains challenging in many countries. The Framework on Financing Democracy presented in this report shapes the global debate on risks and policy options, and provides tangible advice for the funding of political parties and electoral campaigns. The report also features detailed case studies of Canada, Chile, Estonia, France, Korea, Mexico, United Kingdom, Brazil and India.
1. FECHA DE LOS CIERRES DE TEMPORADA
2014
VACACIONES SUSPENSION
TOTAL TOTAL
DIAS DIAS TOTAL
FECHA Nº FECHA Nº VACACIO FECHA Nº FECHA Nº SUSPEN DIAS
Parador fechas de cierre INICIO FECHA FIN DIAS INICIO FECHA FIN DIAS NES INICIO FECHA FIN DIAS INICIO FECHA FIN DIAS SION
ALBACETE del 1 de enero al 28 febrero y del 1 al 31 diciembre 20/02/2014 28/02/2014 9 01/12/2014 31/12/2014 31 40 01/01/2014 19/02/2014 50 90
AYAMONTE del 1 de enero al 28 febrero y del 3 de noviembre al 31 diciembre 22/11/2014 31/12/2014 40 - 40 01/01/2014 28/02/2014 59 03/11/2014 21/11/2014 19 19 59
BIELSA del 1 de enero al 28 febrero y del 1 al 31 diciembre 20/02/2014 28/02/2014 9 01/12/2014 31/12/2014 31 40 01/01/2014 19/02/2014 50 - 50 90
CAZORLA del 1 de enero al 28 febrero y del 3 de noviembre al 31 diciembre 22/11/2014 31/12/2014 40 - 40 01/01/2014 28/01/2014 28 03/11/2014 21/11/2014 19 47 87
CERVERA del 1 de enero al 28 de febrero y del 1 al 31 de diciembre 20/02/2014 28/02/2014 9 01/12/2014 31/12/2014 31 40 01/01/2014 19/02/2014 50 - 50 90
FUENTE DE del 1 de enero al 28 de febrero y del 1 al 31 de diciembre 20/02/2014 28/02/2014 9 01/12/2014 31/12/2014 31 40 01/01/2014 19/02/2014 50 - 50 90
LIMPIAS del 1 de enero al 28 de febrero y del 3 de noviembre al 31 de diciembre 22/11/2014 31/12/2014 40 - 40 01/01/2014 28/02/2014 59 03/11/2014 21/11/2014 19 78 118
PUEBLA DE SANABRIA del 1 de enero al 28 de febrero y del 3 de noviembre al 31 de diciembre 22/11/2014 31/12/2014 40 - 40 01/01/2014 28/02/2014 59 03/11/2014 21/11/2014 19 78 118
SANTO ESTEVO del 1 de enero al 28 de febrero y del 1 al 31 de diciembre 20/02/2014 28/02/2014 9 01/12/2014 31/12/2014 31 40 01/01/2014 19/02/2014 50 - 50 90
TORDESILLAS cerrada una planta 1 en - 30- abril y 1 nov - 31 dic 22/11/2014 31/12/2014 40 40 01/01/2014 30/04/2014 120 01/11/2014 21/11/2014 21 141 181
TUI del 1 de enero al 28 de febrero y del 1 al 31 de diciembre 20/02/2014 28/02/2014 9 01/12/2014 31/12/2014 31 40 01/01/2014 19/02/2014 50 - 50 90
VERIN del 1 de enero al 28 de febrero y del 3 de noviembre al 31 de diciembre 22/11/2014 31/12/2014 40 - 40 01/01/2014 28/02/2014 59 03/11/2014 21/11/2014 19 78 118
VILALBA del 1 de enero al 28 de febrero y del 3 de noviembre al 31 de diciembre 22/11/2014 31/12/2014 40 - 40 01/01/2014 28/02/2014 59 03/11/2014 21/11/2014 19 78 118
VILLAFRANCA del 1 de enero al 28 de febrero y del 3 de noviembre al 31 de diciembre 22/11/2014 31/12/2014 40 - 40 01/01/2014 28/02/2014 59 03/11/2014 21/11/2014 19 78 118