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Investigación de Operaciones
Ejercicio Programación Lineal
Problema
Photo Chemical produce dos tipos de fluido para revelado fotográfico. Ambos
productos le cuestan a esta empresa un dólar por galón producidos. Con
base en un análisis de los niveles actuales de inventario y en las órdenes en
mano para el mes siguiente, la administración de Photo Chemical ha
decidido que durante las siguientes dos semanas se produzcan por lo menos
30 galones del producto 1 y por lo menos 20 galones del producto 2.
También ha dicho la administración que en el transcurso de las siguientes
dos semanas debe utilizarse el inventario existente de una materia prima
muy perecedera necesaria en la producción de ambos fluidos. El inventario
actual de esta materia prima perecedera es de 80 libras. Aunque de ser
necesario se puede ordenar más de esta materia prima; cualquier parte del
inventario actual no utilizada se echara a perder dentro de las siguientes dos
semanas, de ahí el requerimiento de la administración de que por lo menos
se utilicen las 80 libras en las siguientes dos semanas. Además, el producto
1 requiere de una libra de esta materia prima perecedera por galón, y el
producto 2 requiere de dos libras de la materia prima por galón. Dado que el
objetivo de la administración es mantener los costos de producción al
mínimo nivel posible, están buscando un plan de producción de costo
mínimo que utilice la totalidad de las 80 libras de la materia prima perecedera
y que obtenga por lo menos 30 galones del producto 1 y por lo menos 20
galones del producto 2. ¿Cuál es la solución de costo mínimo?
Procedimiento
Paso 1
Definir Variables de decisión.
x1= Fluido 1
x2= Fluido 2
Paso 2
Ver si es un problema de Maximización o
Minimización.
Min Z = 1x1 + 1x2
Paso 3
Planteamiento de restricciones.
x1

>=

x2
x1

,

>=

20

+ 2x2

x1

30

>=

80

>=

0

x2
Paso 4
Integrar el modelo y escribir la forma canónica.
Min Z = 1x1 + 1x2
s.a

x1
x2
x1 + 2x2
x1,x2

>=
>=
>=
>=

30
20
80
0
Solución con Sftw Solver
Análisis/Sensibilidad
Intervalo de Optimalidad
0.5>=c1<=∞
0>=c2<=2
Intervalo de factibilidad

60>=L.D1<=∞
40>=L.D2<=∞
40>=L.D3<=∞
• Usando el programa Win QSB 2.0
Método Gráfico
Gracias
Coyopol Romero, Miriam
Francisco Sánchez, Dulce María

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Exposicion investigacion operaciones

  • 2. Problema Photo Chemical produce dos tipos de fluido para revelado fotográfico. Ambos productos le cuestan a esta empresa un dólar por galón producidos. Con base en un análisis de los niveles actuales de inventario y en las órdenes en mano para el mes siguiente, la administración de Photo Chemical ha decidido que durante las siguientes dos semanas se produzcan por lo menos 30 galones del producto 1 y por lo menos 20 galones del producto 2. También ha dicho la administración que en el transcurso de las siguientes dos semanas debe utilizarse el inventario existente de una materia prima muy perecedera necesaria en la producción de ambos fluidos. El inventario actual de esta materia prima perecedera es de 80 libras. Aunque de ser necesario se puede ordenar más de esta materia prima; cualquier parte del inventario actual no utilizada se echara a perder dentro de las siguientes dos semanas, de ahí el requerimiento de la administración de que por lo menos se utilicen las 80 libras en las siguientes dos semanas. Además, el producto 1 requiere de una libra de esta materia prima perecedera por galón, y el producto 2 requiere de dos libras de la materia prima por galón. Dado que el objetivo de la administración es mantener los costos de producción al mínimo nivel posible, están buscando un plan de producción de costo mínimo que utilice la totalidad de las 80 libras de la materia prima perecedera y que obtenga por lo menos 30 galones del producto 1 y por lo menos 20 galones del producto 2. ¿Cuál es la solución de costo mínimo?
  • 3. Procedimiento Paso 1 Definir Variables de decisión. x1= Fluido 1 x2= Fluido 2 Paso 2 Ver si es un problema de Maximización o Minimización. Min Z = 1x1 + 1x2 Paso 3 Planteamiento de restricciones. x1 >= x2 x1 , >= 20 + 2x2 x1 30 >= 80 >= 0 x2
  • 4. Paso 4 Integrar el modelo y escribir la forma canónica. Min Z = 1x1 + 1x2 s.a x1 x2 x1 + 2x2 x1,x2 >= >= >= >= 30 20 80 0
  • 7. Intervalo de Optimalidad 0.5>=c1<=∞ 0>=c2<=2 Intervalo de factibilidad 60>=L.D1<=∞ 40>=L.D2<=∞ 40>=L.D3<=∞
  • 8. • Usando el programa Win QSB 2.0