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Grasas y aceites
Propiedades, Funciones y
Sustitutos
Propiedades químicas y
funcionales
• Lípidos simples
• Grasas - ésteres de ácidos grasos con
glicerol
• Ceras – Ésteres de ácidos grasos
superiores con otros alcoholes
Propiedades químicas y
funcionales
• Lípidos compuestos
• Fosfolípidos – residuos de ácido fosfórico como
mono- y diésteres
• Esfingolípidos – derivados de la 1-
fosfoceramida
• Glicolípidos – Carbohidrato adyacentes
• Glicoglicerolípidos – Glicolípidos con una o más
cadenas de glicerol
• Glicoesfingolípidos – Carbohidrato esfingoide
Propiedades químicas y
funcionales
• Derivados de lípidos
• Ácidos grasos
• Alcoholes
• Hidrocarburos
• Modificaciones químicas y
enzimáticas
• Interesterificación
• Hidrogenación
Propiedades químicas y
funcionales
Efecto del procesamiento en
la composición de las grasas
• Cambios en materia prima
• Ej. Semillas
• Hidrólisis
• Autoxidación
• Degradación de pigmentos
Efecto del procesamiento en
la composición de las grasas
• Refinación
• Hidración
• Neutralización
• Blanqueado
• Deodorización
Características y funciones de
los emulsionantes
• Propiedades fisicoquímicas
• Solubilidad
• Estado físico y mesomorfismo
Características y funciones de
los emulsionantes
• Propiedades funcionales
• Estabilización de emulsiones
• Estabilidad de sistemas aereados
• Interacciones con biopolímeros
Sustitutos de grasa
• Características deseadas :
• No tóxicos y sin efectos laterales
• Menos calorías metabolizables
• Propiedades similares al que sustituyen
• Proporcional cualidades organolépticas
semejantes
• Lípidos modificados
• Triglicéridos  ácidos grasos
• Diéteres de glicerol
• Poliésteres de ácido policarboxílico
• Poliésteres de poliglicerol
• Ésteres ácido graso cadena larga y
alcohol
• Poliéstres de sacarosa
Sustitutos de grasa
Sustitutos de grasa
• Carbohidratos sustitutos
• Ej. Almidones
•Viscosidad
•Propiedades de gelificación
• Polímeros de glucosa plastificados
•Procesamiento térmico
•Ácido cítrico (catálisis)
•Sorbitol (plastificante)
Sustitutos de grasa
• Proteínas sustitutos
• Proteínas naturales
•Bajo Peso Molecular
•No aglomeradas
• Micronización de proteínas
•Procesamiento térmico
•Trabajo mecánico

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Grasas.pptx

  • 1. Grasas y aceites Propiedades, Funciones y Sustitutos
  • 2. Propiedades químicas y funcionales • Lípidos simples • Grasas - ésteres de ácidos grasos con glicerol • Ceras – Ésteres de ácidos grasos superiores con otros alcoholes
  • 3. Propiedades químicas y funcionales • Lípidos compuestos • Fosfolípidos – residuos de ácido fosfórico como mono- y diésteres • Esfingolípidos – derivados de la 1- fosfoceramida • Glicolípidos – Carbohidrato adyacentes • Glicoglicerolípidos – Glicolípidos con una o más cadenas de glicerol • Glicoesfingolípidos – Carbohidrato esfingoide
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7. Propiedades químicas y funcionales • Derivados de lípidos • Ácidos grasos • Alcoholes • Hidrocarburos
  • 8.
  • 9. • Modificaciones químicas y enzimáticas • Interesterificación • Hidrogenación Propiedades químicas y funcionales
  • 10. Efecto del procesamiento en la composición de las grasas • Cambios en materia prima • Ej. Semillas • Hidrólisis • Autoxidación • Degradación de pigmentos
  • 11. Efecto del procesamiento en la composición de las grasas • Refinación • Hidración • Neutralización • Blanqueado • Deodorización
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14. Características y funciones de los emulsionantes • Propiedades fisicoquímicas • Solubilidad • Estado físico y mesomorfismo
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18. Características y funciones de los emulsionantes • Propiedades funcionales • Estabilización de emulsiones • Estabilidad de sistemas aereados • Interacciones con biopolímeros
  • 19.
  • 20. Sustitutos de grasa • Características deseadas : • No tóxicos y sin efectos laterales • Menos calorías metabolizables • Propiedades similares al que sustituyen • Proporcional cualidades organolépticas semejantes
  • 21. • Lípidos modificados • Triglicéridos  ácidos grasos • Diéteres de glicerol • Poliésteres de ácido policarboxílico • Poliésteres de poliglicerol • Ésteres ácido graso cadena larga y alcohol • Poliéstres de sacarosa Sustitutos de grasa
  • 22.
  • 23. Sustitutos de grasa • Carbohidratos sustitutos • Ej. Almidones •Viscosidad •Propiedades de gelificación • Polímeros de glucosa plastificados •Procesamiento térmico •Ácido cítrico (catálisis) •Sorbitol (plastificante)
  • 24. Sustitutos de grasa • Proteínas sustitutos • Proteínas naturales •Bajo Peso Molecular •No aglomeradas • Micronización de proteínas •Procesamiento térmico •Trabajo mecánico