USH History Chapter 5

Contents Chapter Introduction Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism Section 2 Roosevelt in Office Section 3 The Taft Administration Section 4 The Wilson Years Chapter Assessment

The Big Ideas 2 ,[object Object],[object Object],The Big Ideas SECTION 4: The Wilson Years Social and economic crises lead to new roles for government. When the Progressive era ended, the role of the federal government had changed, and people expected the government to take action in regulating the economy and solving social issues.

Section 1-GTR 2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Section 1 DLN-1 ,[object Object],I. The Rise of Progressivism (pages 327–328)

Section 1 DLN-5 ,[object Object],II. Making Government Efficient (pages 328–330) B. One group of progressives believed that problems in society could be solved if government was efficient. They felt that government could become efficient by applying the principles of scientific management. They thought that managing a city required experts, not elected politicians. They wanted to replace the existing system with a commission plan where a board of commissioners or a city manager with expertise in city services would select and hire specialists to run city departments.

Section 1 DLN-6 ,[object Object],II. Making Government Efficient (pages 328–330)

Section 1 DLN-7 ,[object Object],The book, which described how companies could become more efficient by managing time and breaking down tasks, influenced the progressives as they used these ideas and applied them to city government. II. Making Government Efficient (pages 328–330)

Section 1 DLN-8 ,[object Object],III. Democracy and Progressivism (page 330)

Section 1 DLN-11 ,[object Object],The United States Constitution had originally called for each state legislature to elect two senators from each state. As a result, political machines often influenced the election of senators in exchange for federal contracts and jobs. Progressives hoped the direct election of senators by all state voters would end this corruption. III. Democracy and Progressivism (page 330)

Section 1 DLN-12 ,[object Object],IV. The Suffrage Movement (pages 330–332) B. After the Civil War, the Republicans in Congress introduced the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments, which protected the voting rights of African Americans. The woman suffrage movement had wanted these amendments to apply to women as well. Republicans refused.

Section 1 DLN-13 ,[object Object],IV. The Suffrage Movement (pages 330–332)

Section 1 DLN-18 ,[object Object],V. Social Welfare Progressivism (pages 333–334) B. In 1900 over 1.7 million children under the age of 16 worked outside the home. The National Child Labor Committee worked to end child labor. C. Many adult workers labored in difficult and dangerous conditions. With the creation of building codes, workers’ compensation laws, zoning laws, and health codes, the work environment was made safer for workers.

Section 1 DLN-19 ,[object Object],E. The temperance movement called for the moderation or elimination of alcohol. Many progressives believed alcohol was the cause of many of society’s problems. In 1874 the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) was formed. At first the temperance movement worked to reduce alcohol consumption, but later it pushed for prohibition —laws banning the manufacture, sale, and consumption of alcohol. V. Social Welfare Progressivism (pages 333–334)

Section 1 DLN-20 ,[object Object],Social welfare progressives created charities to help the poor and disadvantaged, and pushed for laws to help fix social problems. V. Social Welfare Progressivism (pages 333–334)

Section 1 DLN-21 ,[object Object],VI. Progressivism Versus Big Business (page 335)

Section 2 DYK ,[object Object]

Section 2 DLN-1 ,[object Object],I. Roosevelt Revives the Presidency (pages 341–343) Theodore Roosevelt

Section 2 DLN-2 ,[object Object],I. Roosevelt Revives the Presidency (pages 341–343)

Section 2 DLN-5 ,[object Object],F. In 1906 the Hepburn Act was intended to strengthen the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) by giving it the power to set railroad rates. Over time, railroads realized they could work with the ICC to set rates and regulations that limited competition and prevent new competitors from entering the industry. I. Roosevelt Revives the Presidency (pages 341–343)

Section 2 DLN-6 ,[object Object],In early 1902 he ordered his attorney general to file a lawsuit under the Sherman Antitrust Act against Northern Securities. When the mine owners refused arbitration in the coal mine strike, Roosevelt threatened to order the army to run the mines. Roosevelt convinced Congress to create the Department of Commerce and Labor with its Bureau of Corporations, which investigated corporations and issued reports on their activities. Roosevelt pushed the Hepburn Act through Congress. This act was intended to give the ICC the power to set railroad rates. I. Roosevelt Revives the Presidency (pages 341–343)

Section 2 DLN-7 ,[object Object],II. Consumer Protection and Conservation (pages 344–345) B. In 1906 Upton Sinclair ’s The Jungle described his observations of Chicago slaughterhouses. As a result, federal legislation was passed. The Meat Inspection Act required federal inspection of meat sold and set standards of cleanliness in meatpacking plants. The Pure Food and Drug Act prohibited the manufacture, sale, or shipment of impure or falsely labeled food and drugs.

Section 2 DLN-8 ,[object Object],II. Consumer Protection and Conservation (pages 344–345) Teddy Roosevelt’s energetic speaking style captivated audiences across the nation.

Section 2 DLN-9 ,[object Object],E. Roosevelt’s actions during his presidency caused Americans to increasingly look to the federal government to solve the nation’s economic and social problems. The executive branch of government greatly increased in power. II. Consumer Protection and Conservation (pages 344–345)

Section 3 DLN-1 ,[object Object],I. Taft Becomes President (pages 349–351) William Howard Taft

Section 3 DLN-2 ,[object Object],C. Speaker of the House Joseph G. Cannon had the power to push bills through without discussion. Many progressives wanted to unseat him because he blocked their legislation. Taft stopped the Republican campaign against Cannon, and in return Cannon pushed the tariff bill through the House. These actions angered many progressives. I. Taft Becomes President (pages 349–351)

Section 3 DLN-3 ,[object Object],I. Taft Becomes President (pages 349–351)

Section 3 DLN-7 ,[object Object],II. Taft’s Progressive Reforms (page 351)

Section 3 DLN-8 ,[object Object],II. Taft’s Progressive Reforms (page 351)

Section 3 DLN-9 ,[object Object],Roosevelt criticized Taft after he broke up trusts, destroying Roosevelt’s system of cooperation and regulation that he set up with big business through the Bureau of Corporations. II. Taft’s Progressive Reforms (page 351)

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Section 4 DLN-1 ,[object Object],I. The Election of 1912 (pages 353–354) B. Roosevelt ran as an independent for the Progressive Party . In the end, the contest came down to the two progressives: Roosevelt and Democratic candidate Woodrow Wilson. As governor of New Jersey, Wilson had made his state a model of Progressive reform.

Section 4 DLN-2 ,[object Object],D. Wilson’s plan, the New Freedom , supported free enterprise and criticized Roosevelt for a program that Wilson felt supported monopolies. I. The Election of 1912 (pages 353–354)

Section 4 DLN-3 ,[object Object],I. The Election of 1912 (pages 353–354) Woodrow Wilson

Section 4 DLN-4 ,[object Object],Roosevelt decided to run as an independent when it became clear that Taft’s delegates controlled the Republican nomination. I. The Election of 1912 (pages 353–354)

Section 4 DLN-5 ,[object Object],II. Regulating the Economy (pages 354–356) B. In 1913 the Underwood Tariff reduced the average tariff on imported goods to about half of what it had been in the 1890s. An important part of the Underwood Tariff was the provision for levying an income tax , or a direct tax on the earnings of individuals and corporations.

Section 4 DLN-6 ,[object Object],II. Regulating the Economy (pages 354–356)

Section 4 DLN-8 ,[object Object],II. Regulating the Economy (pages 354–356)

Section 4 DLN-9 ,[object Object],The system could fight inflation by raising interest rates and stimulate the economy during a recession by lowering interest rates. II. Regulating the Economy (pages 354–356)

Section 4 DLN-10 ,[object Object],III. Federal Aid and Social Welfare (page 356)

Section 4 DLN-11 ,[object Object],III. Federal Aid and Social Welfare (page 356) Factory girls

Section 4 DLN-12 ,[object Object],The congressional election of 1914 left the Democrats with major losses. Many progressives were returning to the Republican Party. Wilson knew he could not rely on a split opposition when he ran for re-election. III. Federal Aid and Social Welfare (page 356)

Section 4 DLN-13 ,[object Object],IV. The Legacy of Progressivism (page 357) B. In 1905 African American leaders met to demand full political rights and responsibilities and an end to racial discrimination for African Americans. In 1909 the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was founded.

Section 4 DLN-14 ,[object Object],The progressives expanded democracy and improved life for many Americans. IV. The Legacy of Progressivism (page 357)

Chapter Summary Chapter Summary

USH History Chapter 5

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USH History Chapter 5