The document presents the Occupier Cost Index 2013 for office costs per full time equivalent (FTE) across major European countries. It breaks down the median annual cost per FTE into categories of space & infrastructure, people & organization, ICT, and facility management. The average total cost per FTE in Europe is €9,853. Most countries saw a 3% decrease in costs from 2012 levels, with the exception of increases in Norway (2%) and Turkey (1%). Norway had the highest costs at €18,604 per FTE, followed by Sweden. The index is based on data from over 3,400 buildings, 31 million square meters, and 1.45 million FTEs across Europe.

1. European office cost per full time equivalent 2013
Occupier cost index 2013
The median cost per FTE per year for Space & Infrastructure, People & Organization, ICT and Facility Management.
■
■
■
■
€18.000
€16.000
€ 14.000
Space & Infrastructure
People & Organization
ICT
Facility Management
€12.000
€10.000
€ 8.000
€ 6.000
€ 4.000
€ 2.000
Country
Space & Infrastructure
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
France
Germany
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
People & Organization
v 5.772
v 6.858
v 3.519
v 8.233
v 3.708
v 9.341
v 4.548
v 2.342
v 4.743
v 5.658
v 3.263
v 2.688
v 9.979
v 5.343
v 11.087
v 3.462
v 2.500
v 3.423
v 3.392
v 10.716
v 11.942
v 4.700
v 10.336
ICT
v 1.272
v 1.750
v 738
v 1.954
v 700
v 1.656
v 1.502
v 572
v 1.531
v 1.427
v 598
v 542
v 1.738
v 1.588
v 2.367
v 550
v 836
v 452
v 1.174
v 1.916
v 1.952
v 368
v 1.260
Management
v 2.475
v 3.140
v 1.592
v 3.692
v 1.599
v 3.024
v 2.770
v 1.273
v 2.930
v 2.706
v 1.426
v 1.276
v 3.243
v 2.923
v 4.354
v 1.213
v 1.825
v 1.086
v 2.315
v 3.520
v 3.843
v 1.073
v 2.535
Norway
Switzerland
Sweden
Luxembourg
Denmark
France
United Kingdom
Belgium
Netherlands
Italy
EU
Ireland
Germany
Spain
Turkey
Estonia
Czech Republic
Latvia
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Lithuania
Hungary
€0
Total
v 334
v 620
v 148
v 631
v 124
v 457
v 416
v 95
v 403
v 352
v 104
v 88
v 593
v 602
v 797
v 84
v 119
v 50
v 261
v 734
v 570
v 11
v 247
v 9.853
v 12.368
v 5.997
v 14.510
v 6.130
v 14.478
v 9.236
v 4.282
v 9.607
v 10.143
v 5.391
v 4.594
v 15.553
v 10.456
v 18.604
v 5.309
v 5.279
v 5.011
v 7.141
v 16.887
v 18.307
v 6.152
v 14.378
Occupier cost index 2013
The median cost per FTE per year for Space & Infrastructure, People & Organization, Facility Management without ICT.
■ Space & Infrastructure
■ People & Organization
■ Facility Management
€ 14.000
€12.000
€10.000
€ 8.000
€ 6.000
€ 4.000
€ 2.000
Turkey
Spain
Germany
Ireland
EU
Italy
Netherlands
Belgium
United Kingdom
France
Denmark
Luxembourg
Sweden
Switzerland
Norway
Ireland
Luxembourg
Latvia
Romania
EU
Poland
France
Belgium
Lithuania
Sweden
Germany
Estonia
United Kingdom
Turkey
Norway
Estonia
Czech Republic
Latvia
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Lithuania
Hungary
€0
TREND 2013 vs 2012
Cost index variance per country (2012=100).
102
100
98
96
94
Italy
Denmark
Czech Republic
Spain
Switzerland
Portugal
Hungary
Netherlands
92

2. Strategic Management
Tactical Management
Tactical Management
Tactical Management
Space & Infrastructure
People & Organization
Horizontal Functions
1100 - Space
1200 - Outdoors
1300 - Cleaning
1400 - Workspace
1900 - Primary activities
2100 - Health and Safety
2200 - Hospitality
2300 - ICT
2400 - Logistics
2500 - Bus. support
2900 - Primary activities
9100 - Sustainability
9200 - Quality
9300 - Risk
9400 - Identity
Strategic Management
The strategic management of the facility management organization and integration of services
of third party suppliers. Advisement of the parent organization in alignment with organization
strategy.
Tactical Management
Tactical integration or product integration. Middle management processes applicable to or ser­
vicing all products in Space & Infrastructure, People & Organization and Horizontal Functions.
Space & Infrastructure
Services for the provision of accommodation like design and build, acquisition or renting of space,
including the administration and management of space and its disposal. It also includes the utili­
ties and technical infrastructure (technical building equipment) resulting in a comfortable climate
and supplying lighting/shading, electrical power, water and gas.
People & Organization
Services and products to create and maintain a safe and comfortable environment and satisfy the
needs of the endusers. This group includes health, safety, reception, catering, document manage­
ment and logistics.
Horizontal Functions
Summary of a number of central functions or shared processes applicable to all products, which
are part of the strategic level (strategic planning and controlling). It includes Sustainability, Quality
management, Risk management and Identity.
Summary
The Occupier Cost Index 2013 portrays the office cost per FTE for the most important European
countries and is structured according to the new European FM standard EN 15221. It is based on
data gathered from 3,400 buildings, over 31 million m2 and more than 1,45 million Full Time Equi­
valents (FTE). The index contains the cost of buildings, facilities, ICT and management for one FTE
during a single year. The average costs to work an office in Europe amounts to v 9.853,- per FTE
per year. On average the office costs in Europe have decreased with 3%. The Netherlands show the
biggest fall with 6% compared to last year’s index. Portugal, Spain, Hungary and Switzerland follow
the Dutch trend and also show strong reductions. Norway and Turkey are the exception to the rule
in Europe and show a cost increase of 2% for Norway and 1% for Turkey. Due to this Norway trades
places with Switzerland and has become the most expensive country in the index averaging a cost
of v 18.604,- per FTE per year. Similar to last year, the top 3 is completed by Sweden.
The Occupier Cost Index has been developed by AOS Studley, independent Real Estate Advisor for
tenants, and is presented on an annual basis.
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