4. Content
13 Introduction
14 Ethiconomy, the aim of all National
Government Policies
24 The productive transformation is marching on
ECUADOR
a smart investment option 28 What and why are we transforming?
Nathalie Cely Suárez
Coordinating Minister for Production, Employment, and Competitiveness 36 National Program of Support to Investors
Av. La Coruña N25-58 y San Ignacio, 4to piso.
(593 2) 3815600 40 Ecuador in numbers
Quito
www.mcpec.gob.ec 50 Productive post - transformation
Printed by: NOCIÓN 56 Strategic Sectors
Quito, February 2011
First edition
5. “Today, making its way strongly throughout the world, but
above all in Latin America, is the understanding that the
alliance between strong, efficient, active, and transparent
States, and the private sector, responsible, and committed
with the well-being of society, constitutes the basis for
productive, economic, harmonic, holistic development; the
ethiconomy- ethics and economics- the ethiconomy that
puts the human being as its centre and reason for being. And
remember, that the human being is not just another factor in
production, it is in itself the reason for production”.
Speech given by the Constitutional President of the Republic of Ecuador, Rafael
Correa Delgado, during the inauguration of the World Business Forum Latinoamérica
AILA 2010 - Guayaquil, November 30th , 2010.
Econ. Rafael Correa Delgado,
Constitutional President of Ecuador.
NATIONAL GOVERNMENT OF
THE REPUBLIC OF ECUADOR
6. Presentation When I think about investment, the first thing that
comes to mind is the word association. The meaning is
getting together to share responsibilities and benefits.
I welcome you to Ecuador, to all those investors who think it
is possible to grow together and have the courage to risk their
capital so that thousands of Ecuadorean citizens can make
their quality of life better, and at the same time let you know
that your cooperation will be greatly appreciated.
Ecuador is not a land of speculation and profits. It is the
country of the ethical economy. It is a Nation with dignity,
which treats its citizens and investors with respect.
Our main judiciary tool is the Code of Production, through
which the rules are set and clearly defined for the Ecuadorean
State and for the investor under the precept that there is no
better development than the one that allows all to grow.
I present to you this Ecuador, the Country of Intelligent
Investment, where we all are building a future in which the
central axis of development will always will be the Human
Being.
Nathalie Cely Suárez
Coordinating Minister for Production, Employment, and Competitiveness
7. 13
Introduction
“For private investment to happen, there must be good
roads, electrical power, efficient sea and air ports, trailblazer
telephone service, quality education and healthcare, on-line
government with minimal paperwork. This is precisely what
we are doing; this is called systemic competitiveness. We also
have an inventory of perfectly identified projects for which
we will give guidance and support to any investor that wants
to come to Ecuador.”
Econ. Rafael Correa Delgado,
Constitutional President of Ecuador.
NATIONAL GOVERNMENT OF
THE REPUBLIC OF ECUADOR
8. Ethiconomy,
the aim of all National Government Policies.
14 15
There is an adding up of elements which,handled responsibly,allowsmaking
public policy based on Ethical Economics (Ethiconomy). But policy-making
is more than a Government’s decision, it is a nationwide behavior, one that
acknowledges the sum of its national values: human, natural, geographic,
historic, and takes on the duty of nurturing them. As expected,
a beneficial association will follow between the people
involved in responsible production towards the Human Being
and their growth, and secondly, with Nature, in a synergy
geared towards humane and sustainable development.
9. Ethiconomy,
the aim of all National Government Policies.
The Values of Ecuador Ecuador is located in North Western South America and parallel 0º, an exceptional geo-strategic position (the
Seaport of Manta is the closest to Asian sea ports from this part of the world.)
High-Value Strategic and It is at the centre of the Americas, and therefore a central access point to markets such as Brazil, Chile, Argentina,
Geographical Position Colombia, Peru, México, the United States, and Canada.
16 17
The origin of the word Ecuador is “equalizer, the one who sets
equilibrium.” It is a country crossed by the Equator line and the Thanks to its closeness to the Panama Canal, (Ecuador or MANTA) it is an important access point to the European
Andes, both of which boost its geographical advantages. Thanks to this and Mid-East markets.
connexion, the country has four
different worlds in one.
The Galápagos Archipelago, one of
Londres
the biggest living laboratories in the
Nueva York
world. Madrid
Riyad
Honk Kong Ciudad de México
The Pacific Coast, where world- Doha
renowned quality products are grown,
amongst others bananas, cacao, and Quito
shrimp.
The Andes, with its different climates, Río de Janeiro
Camberra
favours the growth of exceptional Buenos Aires
products, like our national icon,
flowers.
FROM TO DISTANCE
The Amazon Region, the world’s
Quito Buenos Aires 4,353 km
most mega diverse zone per square
Quito Canberra 13,689 km
kilometre.
Quito México City 3,130 km
Quito Doha 13,968 km
Quito Hong Kong 17,193 km
Quito Londres 9,218 km
Quito Madrid 8,741 km
Quito New York 4,575 km
Quito Riyad 13,533 km
Quito Rio de Janeiro 4,570 km
10. Ethiconomy,
the aim of all National Government Policies.
Leading/state of the
art telecommunications infrastructure.
Ecuador hasthe mostsophisticatedaccesstotelecommunications
Our diverse climate regions services. It is connected with the optic fibre net managed by Wholesale
allow for extensive opportunities. Services.
Nature is kind and generous with Ecuador, giving it stable weather conditions. Planning crops and harvests
18 19
become an easy task. There are two moderate seasons: rainy and dry. The net guarantees redundancy in accordance with international
standards. Ecuador also connects to America II cabling through the
Sunlight, being on the Equator line, is the source Maya, Arcos, Emergia, and Global Crossing (forTransnexa) networks.
for the stunning variety of fruits, vegetables, and Fiber optics is in all cities of the country as an indispensable production
animal species. tool for technology-based innovationgrowth.
Our eternally snow-capped mountains are the
source of water for the country and as the treasure
this resource is, the State protects it as an aid for Lead Logistic Systems
production. Ecuador’s Investment in infrastructure has been the largest in
Latin America these last four years. 70% of the roads are in excellent
The quality of Ecuadorian products is not due to condition. Ecuador has four public seaports, seventeen private ones,
genetic accidents. They are a direct result of its and four international airports.Airports Council International listed
extraordinary geography, which gives extraordinary Guayaquil’sas one of the best in Latin America, and Quito is building
advantages for production. a leading international airport.
11. Ethiconomy,
the aim of all National Government Policies.
Great Human Resources The Ecuador we dream
of is inspired by: Ecuador is being built on:
Ecuador is promoting an education transformation as the basis of bettering
• Our tenacity • A unique land,with a unique climate, and the
talent, professionalism, and workers’ training and education. Our workforce
• Our talents largest biological mega diversity per square
is young and ever growing and goes hand-in-hand with our policy of extending
• Our inventiveness metre in the world.
20 quality employment and a supportive salary system. 21
• Our will • A privileged geographical location. We are at the
centre of the world. We are the link between two
R&D investment in science and
hemispheres. We are the door to Asia.
technology is at the root of achieving
permanent quality innovation.
Ecuador is a countrywith:
• Honest people
• Hard-working people
• People with ambition
• People full of hope.
12. Ethiconomy,
the aim of all National Government Policies.
Ecuador is an enterprise that pursues:
• Productive Transformation
• Value-added products and services
• Innovation in processes, technology, and the
22 chain of production 23
• R & D
• Sustainable environmental practices
Today we are building the Ecuador
of our hopes and dreams.
The Yasuní-ITT Project is an example of the path
Ecuador has chosen to pursue. It is one of the
planet’s exceptionally innovative projects which
combines the economic interest of petroleum
and the decision to preserve the extraordinary
environment of the country.
Yasuní is the name of our national park, which WHY?
has been declared as a Biosphere Reservation by • Because it is the responsibility of us and the
UNESCO. ITT are the initials of three very important worldto fight climate change.
petroleum deposits: Ishpingo, Tambococha, • Because it is the responsibility of Ecuador to
Tiputini. protect this biosphere reservation and the non-
contacted indigenous people who inhabit it.
Ecuador’s proposal: if the international community • Because it is possible to achieve social
gives financial support to continue with this project, development, the preservation of nature, and
then our country commits to leave underground the use of renewable energy.
846 million barrels of crude oil (20% of its reserves).
13. The productive transformation
is marching on
24 25
In the last three years, Ecuador has been living an unprecedented pro-
cess. It has decided to take the future in its own hands. A productive re-
volution is in process in our country, just like the long-term one that allowed
countries with more growth and better performance to be where they are now.
We, the Ecuadorean people, have made a remarkable natio-
nal commitment to transformation: a structural change of
the productive matrix and a change in business culture.
Human progress is our motivation and has given brighter co-
lours to our horizon.
The Government, working side-by-side with the private sec-
tor, has made the Agenda for Productive Transformation,
which determines economic policy and efficiently trans-
forms the productive matrix.
14. The productive transformation
is marching on
2006
Rafael Correa Elected President
Political Project endorsed by the Ecuadorean People
26 27
2007-2008 Elections
Absolute majority in the Constitutional Assembly
There are many reasons that make us believe, every day, of a different
country, where people do not give up their dreams, but instead work to make 2008 Vote
them come true. The word ‘impossible’ is just a bad memory, Ecuadoreans approve the new Constitution via elections.
and good initiatives have now the space to make themselves Principles for the new vision of the country.
stronger. Bases for policies, actions, and necessary regulations to
Ramiro Diez, writer and journalist.
implement this new vision/outlook:
• Reform/upgrade of the State
• Planning and leadership as axes for
New programmes have emerged to foster organization of the publicsector.
productive transformation and for growth of the • Economic Policies new focus.
micro, small, and mid-size businesses. • nnovative models for natural resources management.
2010
For more info on entrepreneurial development programmes, visit: Re election of President Rafael Correa
www.infoproduce.gob.ec Reform/transform of the public sector
www.mcpec.gob.ec Change of the energy matrix
or call 1800PRODUCE or (593 2) 3815 600 Change of the productive matrix
7763823
15. What and why
are we transforming?
28 29
The eyes of Ecuador are wide-open,
looking into the future.
“We are building an economy that has as its purpose and end, Human
Beings and their good living. We seek balance for all, but acknowledge
that there is economic diversity, that public patrimony must
be recovered, and that the State has to undergo an effective
transformation”.
“We favour taking the leap from a primary scheme of exploiting
and exporting raw materials and primary products, to another
which privileges diversified and eco-efficient production as well
as those services based on knowledge and biodiversity”.
Plan Nacional del Buen Vivir, 2009-2013
National Plan for Well-Living, 2009-2013
16. What and why
are we transforming?
A Five-Step Strategy
1 4
30 Transformation to a Specialized Matrix. Democratize the accumulation 31
• Production including goods and services abounding in innovation, of wealth from production.
knowledge, and high added value. • National access to aggregate value generated by all processes of
• Encourage products with dynamic comparative advantages whichgenerate transformation and production, through incentives for companies opening
quality employment and protect the environment. their capital structure, and for specific programmes of economic inclusion,
• Efficient and reasonable use of natural resources. especially for those sectors traditionally left out.
2 5
Improvement and guarantee
of quality production. Provide support for systemic
competitiveness and production.
• Foster the access to technology, innovation, training, and assistance.
• Maximise investment in infrastructure for production.
• In the agricultural field both productivity and quality shall be improved.
• Reduce procedure costs in business operations: eliminate red tape and
• Nourishment Sovereignty and access to quality and healthy food shall be
promote a public culture of good quality service and electronic government.
guaranteed.
• Coordinate work between the Ministries involved in social matters and link
efforts to better education and quality health care.
3
Contribute to the structural change which helps reduce
inter- and other sector production gaps.
• All encompassing development policy for micro, small, and mid-size
This strategy is an important effort of all the
companies, through instruments like entrepreneurial start-up capital, risk
Government towards better energy efficiency,
capital, technical assistance, technological transfer, and boosting of their
productive sustainability with the environment,
export offer and its promotion.
and production inclusion of ancestral groups
• Incorporate as many people as possible into the formallabour market with
and for men and women alike.
honourable salaries.
• Stimulate production growth with lesser use of energy per unit produced.
17. What and why
are we transforming?
New production matrix:
Ecuador: an intelligent
Knowledge intensive, green, and energy efficient.
Primary Industrial Tertiary
investment sector Sector sector
Ecuador has immense investment potential in different
Renewable High technology
areas as well as the Andean regions highest investment in Tourism.
32 natural resources. industry. 33
infrastructure for production in the last three years.
It welcomes both private and public investments that comply
with the four business ethics: responsibility towards workers, Renewable energy.
Petrochemical.
the State, the environment, and society. Sustainable agroforestry
chain and its products.
Pharmaceuticals
7 strategic reasons: and chemicals.
• A Mega diverse country for tourism Fresh Logistics
and processed food. services.
• Growing and stable economy Metalworking.
• Strategic location and logistical hub
• Human talent Technology and applied knowledge cross axis.
• Access to world andAndean market WE WANT A HIGH TECHNOLOGY, APPLIED KNOWLEDGE,
• Protection and incentives to investors AND SERVICES-BASED ECONOMY.
• Dollarized economy
Priority Areas
The government has a policy for general growth, and is also working on boosting human, natural, and
technological resources to achieve a high technology, services, and applied knowledge economy. To
Ecuador has a high potential because: this end, it has special incentives in the following areas:
• The most mega-diverse, compact,country in the world • Renewable natural resources
make it a unique “green” tourist destination. • High technology industry
• Produces high quality agricultural products on a year- • Tourism
round basis. • Renewable energy
• Rich in renewable and non renewable natural resources. • Logistics services.
• It has a highly trained and qualified human capital.
• To help boost production and competitiveness, the
To see the complete list of prioritized areas, entrepreneurial development programs
government has invested record amounts of money in the
and key sectors for the strategic substitution of imports, visit:
transportation infrastructure of the country.
www.infoproduce.gob.ec
• Ecuador has clear rules and incentives for national and
www.mcpec.gob.ec
foreign investment in production.
or call 1800PRODUCE or (593 2) 3815 600
7763823
18. What and why
are we transforming?
National
and Regional Integration
34 Latin American Integration Andean Trade Promotion and Drug 35
Association (ALADI) Eradication Act, ATPDEA
Mechanism under which there are vast commercial opportu- Preferential tariffs for most of the products exported to the
nities because of anextended consumer market. United States of America.
Preferred Tariffs Structure General System of Preferences Plus
(GSP Plus)
Promotes a beneficial environment for export-oriented pro-
An agreement with the European Union for preferential tariff
ductive investment by lowering stipulated tariffs.
access.
Andean Community of Nations (CAN) Bolívar Alternative
Made up by Colombia, Ecuador, Perú, and Bolivia, the CAN for the Americas (ALBA)
has a duty free zone for goods and services trade. It is an in- Latin American and the Caribbean Basin countries partici-
tegration system that helps make valuable relationships with pate in this group, which acts as an integration pillar to aid
Ecuador’s regional commercial partners. in the growth of commerce, especially for small and mid-size
businesses.
19. National Program
of Support to Investors
36 37
A system which identifies, promotes, attracts, supports, and broadens the scope for local and foreign
investmentfor the transformation of Ecuador’s production matrix. InvestEcuador helps investors through an
investment manager of the MCPEC(Ministerio Coordinador de la Producción y Competitividad) to coordinate
with Ministries and institutions from the Production, Employment, and Competitiveness Council in the
following areas:
• Market Intelligence: In cooperation with private and public
entities, it identifies business opportunities within the
Ecuadorean star economic areas, chosen because of their
growth prospects, export capability, or aid in substituting
imports for Ecuador.
• Investment Marketing: Develops promotion campaigns, in
alliance with the country’s foreign affairs services, so that
investors may know about the investment potential in key
segments of Ecuador´s economy.
• Service to Investors: While in the processes of pre-investment,
follow up, and re-investment, there is a support team that
answers questions that might arise.
• Investment and Export Promotion Institute: Of the Foreign
Affairs Ministry, it is responsible for promoting Ecuador
abroad.
• More information on the Foreign Affairs Ministry web site.
www.mmrree.gob.ec
More information:
www.investecuador.ec
Camilo Pinzón
cpinzon@mcpec.gob.ec
20. National Program
of Support to Investors
Investment Promotion Agencies MCPEC related Programs National Productive Development
Agencies
The web for Investment Supporthas agencies To achieve business growth, the Production Council • CEDET
38 39
located in: has support tools: www.cedet.ec
Esteban Vega
• APRIM (Investment Promotion Agency in • CREECUADOR evega@cedet.ec
Manabí) Program to access product diversification
www.investmanabi.com opportunities.
Daniel Carofilis www.creecuador.ec
dcarofilis@investmanabi.com Cristina Coronel
ccoronel@mcpec.gob.ec
• INVEC – Cuenca
Ministries ascribed to the Council for
www.invec.ec • EMPRENDECUADOR Production Development
Xavier Patiño National Assistance System for
presidencia@invec.ec Entrepreneurship. • Ministry of Agriculture
www.empredecuador.ec • Ministry of Industry and Productivity
• INVIERTE EN QUITO Andrés Zurita • Ministry of Foreign Relations
www.quito.gob.ec azurita@mcpec.gob.ec • Ministry of Tourism
María José Villavicencio • Ministry of Transportation and Public Works
inviertaenquito@quito.gob.ec • INNOVA ECUADOR • Ministry of Labour Relations
Programme for Promoting Innovation • National Financial Corporation
www.innovaecuador.ec • National Customs Service
María José Borja • National Training and Professional Formación
mborja@mcpec.gob.ec • Ecuadorean Intellectual Property Institute
• National Secretary Office for Higher Education,
• INFOPRODUCE Science, Technology and Innovation
Business productive growth information • National Institute for Public Procurement.
system.
www.infoproduce.gob.ec
Phone.: 1800 - PRODUCE
21. Mexico
Belize
Annual average one of the countries with the highest
➜ Ecuador is GDP GDP Consumer Honduras
% change in * South America, capita
growth in per just behind Perú.
Price Guatemala Nicaragua
El Salvador
Guyana
Costa Rica
GDP per capita 5.3 Venezuela Surinam
in numbers
1961-70 2.7 18.5 Panama
Source: World Bank, ECLAC (Economic Commision for French Guyana
Colombia
1971-80 5.6
Latin America and the Caribbean) 3.3 27.6
*Includes the Caribbean Mexico Ecuador
40 1981-90
**Projected 1.2 -0.9 173.0 41
Belize
Non-petroleum GDP 1991-2000
Annual average 3.2
GDP 1.5
GDP 45.2
Consumer Honduras
annual growth rate (%) % change in *
2001-04 2.0 per capita
0.6 Price
8.2
Guatemala Nicaragua Peru
El Salvador Brazil
Guyana
Costa Rica
2005-10** 4.5 2.7 6.0 POPULATION, MILLIONS. Venezuela Surinam
8.03 1961-70 5.3 2.7 18.5 Panama
GDP ANNUAL AVERAGE % INCREASE 2009 Bolivia
Highest rate French Guyana
7.04 in the last 17 years
1971-80 5.6 3.3 27.6 Colombia Paraguay
5.90 1981-90 1.2 -0.9 173.0 Ecuador Chile
5.05
1991-2000 3.2 1.5 45.2
3.90 3.95 4.5
3.84 Uruguay
3.46 2001-04 2.0 0.6 8.2 Peru
Argentina Brazil
2.98
2005-10** 4.5 2.7 6.0 POPULATION, MILLIONS.
GDP ANNUAL AVERAGE % INCREASE 2009 Bolivia
0.91 ➜ Solid growth of the non-petroleum sector over 10 Paraguay
years, which generates bigger investment oppor- Chile
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 tunities in different productive sectors.
SOURCE: BCE
Uruguay
Argentina
Even with the world financial crisis, average growth in 2009 was 4,30%
Non-petroleum real GDP. 2000=100
Source: Central Bank of Ecuador
➜ Ecuador has the best cacao, an
Argentina 8.10% 170
Uruguay
excellent high altitude coffee, 8.56%
Perú 6.88% 160
the most consumed banana
Paraguay 6.15%
150
throughout theDominicana the
República world, and 5.84%
Panamá 8.63% 140
most beautiful flowers. This is
Brasil 4.63%
good, but not enough. There
Bolivia 4.39% 130
Colombia
is enormous potential for high
3.85% Promedio 3.89 % 120
Cuba 3.65%
quality and value added products.
Costa Rica 3.33% 110
Ecuador 3.19%
Guatemala 2.98% 100
Chile 2.81% 90
Honduras 2.63%
Nicaragua 2.05% 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010*
Venezuela 1.97%
Salvador 1.24%
México 0.96%
*Projection 2010
Haití 0.06%
0.00% 1.00% 2.00% 3.00% 4.00% 5.00% 6.00% 7.00% 8.00% 9.00%
22. in numbers
Total and non-oil Gross Commerce: quarterly growth on an annualized basis
Domestic Product (excluding petroleum refinement)
6,00
10,00 8,9%
4.93 8,5% 8,7% 8,8%
5,00
4.40 4.26 8,00
4,00 5,5%
3.00 2.81 6,00
3,00 2.65 2.71 3,5% 4,6%
4,00
42 2,00 43
2,00
1,00 0.59 0.51 0.47 0.62
0,00
0,00 -0.6% -0,58%
-2,00
-1,00
-0.32 -0.54
-4,00
-1.24 -3,8%
-2,00
-6,00 -4,3%
I II III IV I II III
I II III IV I II III IV I II III
2009 2010
2008 2009 2010
PETROLEUM ADDED VALUE GDP 8,8% growth in the first, second, and third trimesters of 2010 compared to 2009.
Economy Growth. The crisis decline stops in 2010. SOURCE: CENTRAL BANK OF ECUADOR
The non-petroleum sector grows about 5% in the third trimester of 2010 compared to 2009.
SOURCE: CENTRAL BANK OF ECUADOR
Manufacturing: annual growth per uarter
(excluding petroleum refinement)
10,00
8,88% 8,88% Taxable profits / sales
8,5% 8,0%
8,00
6,4% 7,0% SECTOR 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
6,00
I Transportation, storage, and communications 7,50% 6,46% 5,91% 10,16% 12,30% 11,72%
4,00 3,1% K Real state, business, and rent activities 5,43% 5,92% 6,81% 8,03% 8,51% 8,88%
2,00 D Manufacturing 5,54% 6,22% 6,60% 6,80% 6,56% 7,99%
0,67% F Construction 4,74% 4,88% 5,05% 5,68% 6,08% 6,75%
0,00
E Electricity, gas, and water supply 6,60% 8,76% 7,51% 10,31% 18,75% 5,91%
-2,00 -1,3% H Hotels and restaurants 2,98% 3,54% 4,10% 4,75% 5,34% 5,35%
-2,9% -2,5% G Wholesale and retail business 2,50% 2,77% 2,99% 3,36% 3,97% 3,96%
-4,00
B Fishing 1,48% 1,79% 1,67% 2,63% 6,40% 3,67%
A Agriculture, livestock, hunting, and silviculture (forestry) 2,03% 2,38% 2,65% 2,96% 2,87% 2,88%
I II III IV I II III IV I II III
SOURCE: CENTRAL BANK OF ECUADOR
2008 2009 2010
8% growth in the first, second, and third trimesters of 2010 compared to 2009.
SOURCE: CENTRAL BANK OF ECUADOR
23. in numbers
Change/variation in fixed assets
Total Exports (thousands $) Petroleum and non-petroleum exports
2008 - 2010 (FOB thousands)
3,500
3,119
3,000
2,806
48
,6
22
2,500
,3
44 2,235 45
11
2
2,946
23
5,
6
2,000
22
8
64
2
39
17,610,046 1,704
7
12
9,
8,
70
7,
15,624,458
97
0,
6,
28
21
6,
13
1,500
6,
6,
12,346,828
6,
1,000
500
Jan-Nov Jan-Nov Jan-Nov Jan-Nov Jan-Nov Jan-Nov
2008 2009 2010 2008 2009 2010 0
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Petroleum Non-Petroleum
Exports Exports
Productive investment measured by asset increase, grows in record levels 2007-2008
SOURCE: IRS
Traditional and Non-traditional exports
(FOB thousands)
1
2
5
60
00
62
6
3
8
7,
9,
1,
39
53
58
Volume of sales
66
62
31
8,
1,
8,
3,
3,
3,
65
13
07
Financial intermediation
2,
3,
3,
14
12
10
Hotels and Manufacturing
Jan-Nov Jan-Nov Jan-Nov
8 Transportation
2008 2009 2010 restaurants
% sales Commerce
6
Tradicionales No Tradicionales variation
4
Community Education
Export sector also reactivates.
activities
Total exports grow 27.58% from Jan-Oct 2008-2010 2
SOURCE:CENTRAL BANK OF ECUADOR 0
-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
% employment variation
Volume of sales
Good performance of the economy leads to recovery in employment