Cognitive processes are processes that involve knowledge and how people use their knowledge. They include matters such as attention, memory, producing and understanding language, solving problems and making decisions. All these are very important for human behaviour.

1. 1

2. SPECIFIC
CAPACITY
DEFINITION
COGNITIVE PROCESSES
COGNITIVE / MOTOR
PROCESSES
Reception of Information
COMPARE
Capacity to compare
between two or more
elements, objects,
processes or phenomenon
in order to find similarities
or differences.
Process by which characteristics and references are shown.
Recognition
Process by which the real characteristics of the recognition object are
contrasted with the existing characteristics in the mental structures.
Process by which information is carried to the mental structures.
Characteristics Identification and
contrast
Process by which characteristics of each element are identified and
compared with characteristics of another element
Difference demonstration
Process by which differences between one element and another are
shown
Reception of Information
DISCRIMINATE
Capacity to find essential
differences between two or
more elements, processes
or phenomenon.
Characterization
Process by which information is carried to the mental structures
Individual Characteristics
Identification
Process by which references from each element are identified and
shown
Characteristics contrast of two or
more study objects
Process by which the characteristics of two or more elements are
contrasted
EVIDENCE OF THE
PROCESS
Process by which information is carried to the mental structures.
Reception of Information
IDENTIFY
Capacity to locate in time,
in space, or in some
physical element, parts
characteristics, characters,
instructions or other
aspects.
COGNITIVE PROCESS CHARACTERISTICS
SPECIFIC
CAPACITIES THAT
HAVE SIMILAR
PROCESSES
RECOGNIZE
The student identifies
when he/she points at
something, marks,
underlines, highlights
expressions, makes a list,
records what he/she
observes, etc.
The student discriminates
when he/she makes a
double entry chart,
explains the differences,
selects something
significant from a group
of elements.
The student compares
when he/she finds
common elements or
different aspects among
the observed phenomena,
makes comparative
charts, parallels.
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3. SPECIFIC
CAPACITY
DEFINITION
COGNITIVE / MOTOR
PROCESSES
COGNITIVE PROCESS CHARACTERISTICS
Determining criteria or specifications
ANALYZE
Capacity that allows to
divide the whole into its parts
in order to study, explain, or
justify something
establishing relationship
among them.
Identifying and contrasting criteria or
specifications with prototypes
Process by which characteristics of elements are identified and
contrasted with the criteria or specifications
Process by which an element is chosen
Process by which information is carried to the mental structures.
Identification of the elements to be
organized
Process by which the elements and context to be organized are
located
Determining criteria in order to organize
Process by which organizing criteria is established
Placement of the elements considering
the established criteria and order
Process by which the action or placement of the elements
according to the established criteria take place
Reception of Information
ORGANIZE
Process by which information in diverse contexts or sources is
searched for
Reception of Information
Capacity that allows to place
in an organized way elements
objects, processes, or
phenomena having into
account certain criteria.
Search for information
Process by which information is carries to the mental structures
Selective observation
Process by which the information is selectively observed
identifying the main, secondary and complementary information
Dividing all into its parts
Procedure by which the information is divided into parts, grouping
ideas or elements
Interrelationship of the parts in order to
explain or justify
Procedure by which something is explained or justified
establishing relationship among its part or elements from the whole
EVIDENCE OF THE
PROCESS
Process by which criteria or specifications are established which
will serve as reference for selecting
Making a choice
SELECT
Capacity that allows to
choose elements of a whole
according to certain criteria
and with a defined purpose.
SPECIFIC CAPACITIES
THAT HAVE SIMILAR
PROCESSES
The student selects when
separating objects,
characteristics; when he
records information of
his interest; when he
makes a choice
The student organizes
when he makes a
flowchart, conceptual
maps, semantic webs,
diagrams, charts; he
places each thing in its
place.
The student analyzes
when he identifies the
main facts of a historic
event, establishes
relationship among them,
determines its causes and
consequences and
explains them in
relationship with the
whole
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4. SPECIFIC
CAPACITY
DEFINITION
COGNITIVE / MOTOR
PROCESSES
COGNITIVE PROCESS CHARACTERISTICS
Reception of information
APPLY
Capacity that allows to put
into practice principles and
knowledge in concrete
activities.
Contrasting premises with context
Process by which premises and assumptions are contrasted with
the context.
Process by which inferences are obtained from the premises and
assumptions.
Formulation of criteria
Process by which criteria which will allow to give a judgment is
established.
Contrasting criteria with referents
Process by which organizing criteria is established
Giving opinion or judgment.
Process by which the established criteria is compared with the
referent in order to find the merits and drawbacks
Process by which information is carried to the mental structures
Identification, principle or concept that
will be applied
Process by which the process, principle or concept that are
expected to be applied are identified and understood
Sequencing processes and choosing
strategies
Procedure by which sequences, order and strategies are established
for the procedures to be carried out.
Execution of processes and strategies
Procedure by which the processes and established strategies are put
into practice.
EVIDENCE OF THE
PROCESS
Process by which information is carried to the mental structures.
Reception of Information
JUDGE
Process by which information that will be used as a basis of
inference is identified.
Reception of Information
Capacity to question the state
of a phenomenon, the
production of an event,
thoughts from others,
organization ways trying to
find their virtues and faults
and taking on a position in
such respect.
Identification of premises
Formulation of inferences
INFER
Capacity to obtain new
information starting with
explicit information or from
other evidence.
Process by which information is carried to the mental structures
SPECIFIC CAPACITIES
THAT HAVE SIMILAR
PROCESSES
The student infers when
he/she makes deductions,
gives meaning to the
expressions from
context, determines the
meaning of slogans, gives
meaning to non-verbal
resources and to people’s
behavior, determines
causes and possible
consequences.
The student makes a
judgment when he/she
gives a personal opinion,
makes comments,
proposes arguments in
favor or against,
expresses points of view.
The student applies when
he/she uses, administers
or puts into practice
certain knowledge, a
principle, a formula or a
process with the purpose
of obtaining a determined
effect, result, or
performance in someone
or something
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5. SPECIFIC
CAPACITY
DEFINITION
COGNITIVE / MOTOR
PROCESSES
COGNITIVE PROCESS CHARACTERISTICS
Reception of information
FORMULATE
Capacity that allows to
establish relationship among
elements to present results,
new constructions, or to
solve problems.
Process by which the elements that must be related in order to
obtain results or generate new constructions are identified.
Generate an order and sequence of the
representation
Process by which an order or sequence to make the representation
is established.
Process by which the form or external and internal situation is
represented.
Reception of Information
ARGUE
Process by which one is aware of the form and the elements that
make the object or situation which will be represented.
Process by which information is carried or recovered from the
mental structures.
Selective observation of the information
that will be argued on
Process by which the information that will be used to support the
arguments are identified.
Presenting the arguments
Procedure by which the written or oral arguments are presented.
The student formulates
when he/she expresses
through mathematics
symbols the relationship
among different
magnitudes which will
allow him/her to obtain a
result.
Process by which the object or situation that will be represented is
observed closely.
Representation of the form or external
or internal situation
Capacity that allows to
support or hold points of
view.
Process by which the relationship among elements are put into
practice obtaining results or new constructions.
Description of the form/situation and
location of its elements
PROPOSE
Process by which the relationship among the elements are
established.
Observation of the object or situation
that will represented
REPRESENT
Interrelationship of the elements
Presentation of the interrelationships
Capacity that permits to
represent objects by means of
drawings, sketches,
diagrams, etc.
EVIDENCE OF THE
PROCESS
Process by which information is carried to the mental structures
Identification of elements
SPECIFIC CAPACITIES
THAT HAVE SIMILAR
PROCESSES
DIAGRAM
OUTLINE
DESIGN
The student represents
when drawing an object,
participates in a play,
draws a plan, sketch, or
diagram.
MAKE A GRAPHIC
DRAW
The student discusses
when he/she states with
supporting details certain
topics or points of view
in a presentation,
discussion or argument.
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6. SPECIFIC
CAPACITY
DEFINITION
COGNITIVE / MOTOR
PROCESSES
Reception of information of what to do,
why to do so, and how to do so.
ELABORATE
Capacity that allows to
execute a process, task or
operation.
COGNITIVE PROCESS CHARACTERISTICS
Process by which information about what is going to be carried out and
how it will be done is received, in some case it is required to
incorporate visual images of how it will be done.
Identification and sequencing of the
involved procedures
Process by which procedure that will be used are identified and
sequenced.
Execution of the procedures controlled
by the thought
Process by which the procedures of the execution are put into
practice . In a first instance, controlled by the mind, and in a second
instance, putting into practice the procedures in an automatic form.
SPECIFIC
CAPACITIES THAT
HAVE SIMILAR
PROCESSES
OPERATE
ELABORATE
EXECUTE
EVIDENCE OF THE
PROCESS
The student elaborates
when he/she carries out
a procedure to produce
a good, a physical
movement, a dance
step, etc.
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7. SPECIFIC
CAPACITY
DEFINITION
COGNITIVE / MOTOR
PROCESSES
Reception of information of what to do,
why to do so, and how to do so.
ELABORATE
Capacity that allows to
execute a process, task or
operation.
COGNITIVE PROCESS CHARACTERISTICS
Process by which information about what is going to be carried out and
how it will be done is received, in some case it is required to
incorporate visual images of how it will be done.
Identification and sequencing of the
involved procedures
Process by which procedure that will be used are identified and
sequenced.
Execution of the procedures controlled
by the thought
Process by which the procedures of the execution are put into
practice . In a first instance, controlled by the mind, and in a second
instance, putting into practice the procedures in an automatic form.
SPECIFIC
CAPACITIES THAT
HAVE SIMILAR
PROCESSES
OPERATE
ELABORATE
EXECUTE
EVIDENCE OF THE
PROCESS
The student elaborates
when he/she carries out
a procedure to produce
a good, a physical
movement, a dance
step, etc.
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