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- 1. Infraestructura de IT yInfraestructura de IT y tecnologías emergentestecnologías emergentes CAPÍTULO 5
- 2. 5.2 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Management Information Systems Chapter 5: IT Infrastructure and Emerging Technologies • Problema: Industria competitiva y de cambio rápido; oportunidades de nuevas tecnologías • Soluciones: – Inversión en insfraestructura de tecnología de Información (TI) – Servicios de computación en la nube – Despliegue de data centers eficientes a nivel energético • Demuestra el rol de tecnología de información para reducir costos, la habilidad de también servir para objetivos sociales (eficiencia energética) Telecom de Portugal ofrece infraestructura para la venta
- 3. 5.3 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Management Information Systems Chapter 5: IT Infrastructure and Emerging Technologies Management Information SystemsManagement Information Systems • Infrastructura de TI: – Conjunto de dispositivos físicos y software requerido para operar la organización. – Estos servicios incluyen: • Plataformas computacionales • Servicios de telecomunicaciones • Servicios de administración de datos • Servicios de software de aplicación • Servicios de administración de facilidades físicas • Administración de TI, estándares, servicios de educación, investigación y desarrollo – “Plataformas de servicio” perspectiva con una visión más acertada del valor de las inversiones IT Infrastructure CHAPTER 5: IT INFRASTRUCTURE AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES © Prentice Hall 20113
- 4. 5.4 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Management Information Systems Chapter 5: IT Infrastructure and Emerging Technologies The services a firm is capable of providing to its customers, suppliers, and employees are a direct function of its IT infrastructure. Ideally, this infrastructure should support the firm’s business and information systems strategy. New information technologies have a powerful impact on business and IT strategies, as well as the services that can be provided to customers. FIGURE 5-1 CONNECTION BETWEEN THE FIRM, IT INFRASTRUCTURE, AND BUSINESS CAPABILITIES
- 5. 5.5 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Management Information Systems Chapter 5: IT Infrastructure and Emerging Technologies Management Information SystemsManagement Information Systems CHAPTER 5: IT INFRASTRUCTURE AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES – Era de los mainframes de propósito específico y macrocomputadoras: 1959 al presente – Era de la computación personal: 1981 al presente – Era de Cliente/servidor: 1983 al presente – Era de la computación empresarial: 1992 al presente – Era de la computación en la nube: 2000 al presente Evolución de la infrastructura de TI © Prentice Hall 20115
- 6. 5.6 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Management Information Systems Chapter 5: IT Infrastructure and Emerging Technologies Management Information SystemsManagement Information Systems • Factores que propician la evolución de la infraestructura de TI – Ley de Moore y el poder de microprocesamiento •El poder computacional se duplica cada 18 meses •Nanotecnología: – El tamaño de los transistores se reduce y se considera que llegará a ser comparable al tamaño de los virus – Ley del almacenamiento digital masivo •La cantidad de datos que pueden ser almacenados se duplica cada año. CHAPTER 5: IT INFRASTRUCTURE AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES © Prentice Hall 20116
- 7. 5.7 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Management Information Systems Chapter 5: IT Infrastructure and Emerging Technologies Management Information SystemsManagement Information Systems – Ley de Metcalfe y la economía de redes • El valor o poder de una red crece exponencialmente como función del número de miembros de la red • Entre mas grande sea la red, mas cantidad de personas desearán unirse a ella. – Disminución del costo de comunicación e Internet • Se estima que 3 billones de personas alrededor del mundo tiene acceso a Internet • En tanto el costo de comunicación se acerca cero, la utilización de las comunicaciones y las facilidades de comunicación es mayor CHAPTER 5: IT INFRASTRUCTURE AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES © Prentice Hall 20117
- 8. 5.8 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Management Information Systems Chapter 5: IT Infrastructure and Emerging Technologies Management Information SystemsManagement Information Systems – Estandarización y su efecto sobre las redes •Estandares de tecnología: – Especificaciones que establecen la compatibilidad de productos y la habilidad de comunicarse en red – Produce grandes economías de escala y resulta en disminución de precios debido a que los manufacturadores se focalizan en productos construídos en base a un estándar único IT Infrastructure CHAPTER 5: IT INFRASTRUCTURE AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES © Prentice Hall 20118
- 9. 5.9 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Management Information Systems Chapter 5: IT Infrastructure and Emerging Technologies Management Information SystemsManagement Information Systems • La Infrastructura de TI tiene 7 componentes principales: 1. Plataformas computacionales de hardware. 2. Plataformas de sistemas operativos 3. Software de aplicaciones empresariales 4. Administración y almacenamiento de datos 5. Plataformas de redes y comunicaciones 6. Plataformas de Internet 7. Servicios de integración de consultoría de sistemas Infrastructure Components CHAPTER 5: IT INFRASTRUCTURE AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES © Prentice Hall 20119
- 10. 5.10 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Management Information Systems Chapter 5: IT Infrastructure and Emerging Technologies There are seven major components that must be coordinated to provide the firm with a coherent IT infrastructure. Listed here are major technologies and suppliers for each component. FIGURE 5-9 THE IT INFRASTRUCTURE ECOSYSTEM
- 11. 5.11 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Management Information Systems Chapter 5: IT Infrastructure and Emerging Technologies Management Information SystemsManagement Information Systems • Telefonos celulares inteligentes • Netbooks • Tabletas - Lectores en línea (Kindle) • Werables • BYOD -Consumerización de TI • Computación cuantica • Virtualización • Computación en la nube Tendencias de las plataformas contemporáneas de hardware © Prentice Hall 201111
- 12. 5.12 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Management Information Systems Chapter 5: IT Infrastructure and Emerging Technologies Management Information SystemsManagement Information Systems • Procesadores de alto poder de procesamiento y bajo consumo de energía • Plataformas de software libre • Software para la web • Servicios web • Arquitectura orientada a los servicios (reutilización de servicios) • Outsourcing de software y computación en la nube (Mashups y Apps) Tendencias de las plataformas contemporáneas de hardware © Prentice Hall 201112
- 13. 5.13 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Management Information Systems Chapter 5: IT Infrastructure and Emerging Technologies • Administrando cambios de plataforma e infraestructura – Así como la firma se encoge o crece, TI necesita ser flexible y escalable – Escalabilidad: • Habilidad para expandirse y servir un gran número de usuarios – Para computación movil y computación en la nube • Nuevas políticas y procedimientos para administrar estas nuevas plataformas • Acuerdos contractuales con firmas que administran nubes y el software requerido para su funcionamiento Challenges of Managing IT Infrastructure
- 14. 5.14 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Management Information Systems Chapter 5: IT Infrastructure and Emerging Technologies • Administración y governanza – Quien controla la infraestructura de TI? – Cómo se puede organizar el Departamento de TI? • Decisiones Centralizadas • Decisiones descentralizadas – Cómo localizar los costos entre divisiones y departamentos? Challenges of Managing IT Infrastructure
- 15. 5.15 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Management Information Systems Chapter 5: IT Infrastructure and Emerging Technologies • Modelo de fuerzas competitivas para la inversión en infraestructura de TI 1. Demanda de mercado por los sericios de la firma 2. Estrategia de negocios de la organización 3. Estrategia de TI de la organización, infraestructura y costos 4. Análisis de tecnología de información 5. Servicios de las firmas competidoras 6. Inversiones en TI de las firmas competidoras 7. Cumplimiento de las regulaciones establecidas por agencias Gubernamentales Challenges of Managing IT Infrastructure
- 16. 5.16 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. Management Information Systems Chapter 5: IT Infrastructure and Emerging Technologies
Notas del editor
- The “service platform” perspective refers to analyzing the actual services enabled by new technology tools. For example, a new PC might save an employee one hour per day in wait time for information, dramatically increasing his or her value to the firm.
- The point of this slide is to illustrate the centrality of IT infrastructure and services to the achievement of firm success. Ultimately, what the firm delivers to customers, its quality, is a direct function of the power of its infrastructure. For instance, Amazon is routinely sited as the most popular online shopping site and receives high praise from customers for the quality of its service and speed of execution. There is a reason for this: Amazon has one of the world’s largest computing infrastructures numbering several hundred thousand processors to provide these services.
- Students may be unfamiliar with the concept of mainframe computers. Explain the difference in size (much larger) and computing capacity (much smaller) from today’s computers to give them a sense of perspective regarding how far the computing industry has gone in 60 years. However, modern-day mainframes (IBM z-Series), are extremely powerful servers used for large Fortune 1000 enterprise networks and corporate Web sites. The mainframe is not dead in other words and still represents a large revenue stream for IBM.
- Variants of Moore’s Law include: the number of transistors on a chip doubles every 18 months; computing power doubles every 18 months; and the price of computing falls by half every 18 months. Explain to students that even now, this trend is likely to continue, with transistors reaching the sizes of viruses, the smallest form of life.
- Ask students to explain the implications of Metcalfe’s Law to social networks, such as Facebook and MySpace. Do they agree that the more members are using the site, the value of being a member and the usefulness of the site grows? Do people make “new friends” on a social site or hang out with their existing friends mostly?
- What might today’s enterprise infrastructure and Internet have been like without widespread and universal standards, such as Windows, Microsoft Office, Unix, and Ethernet? (Greatly decreased efficiency and confusion, inability to develop innovative products everyone can use based on a single standard, etc.)
- The upcoming slides will go over each component in more detail.
- Ask students to take a look at the example companies that appear under each heading. What companies appear repeatedly? How many items are unfamiliar?
- How can IT be flexible and still make long-term investments in hardware and software? SaaS may solve some problems, but ask students to envision some of the pitfalls of working with an external hardware or software vendor such as Google or Salesforce.com. What are some nightmare scenarios that companies must guard against? For instance, the vendor fails to make critical applications available when needed, poor customer service, and so on, or the vendor fails to upgrade equipment in order to save investment monies.
- What are the ramifications of poor IT governance at a firm? For example, if a company does not clearly define what departments have the responsibility to make their own IT decisions, what could be the consequences? Some potential consequences are data mismanagement, poor communication, and slower response times to crises.
- How important of an impact do competitors’ services and investments affect a firm’s IT services and infrastructure? Is it wise to rely on those factors alone to determine what kind of services your firm provides? For instance, your competitors may not be the industry’s best example of how to develop IT services. In fact, your entire industry might be technological laggards. In this case, it might be better to look at best practices in other industries which have a reputation for superior IT services and capabilities.