Ayudando a los Viajeros usando 500 millones de Reseñas Hoteleras al Mes
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This document discusses how TrustYou processes large amounts of hotel review data to provide summaries to travelers. It crawls over 30 million reviews daily across 25 languages. Natural language processing and machine learning techniques are used to analyze the text and provide recommendations. Workflows are managed through Luigi and tasks include crawling, text processing, modeling word embeddings, and powering a sample application. Hadoop and Python are used extensively to handle the large scale processing.
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Ayudando a los Viajeros usando 500 millones de Reseñas Hoteleras al Mes
- 1. Helping Travellers Make Better Hotel Choices 500 Million Times a Month Miguel Cabrera @mfcabrera https://www.flickr.com/photos/18694857@N00/5614701858/
- 2. ABOUT ME
- 3. • Neuberliner • Ing. Sistemas e Inf. Universidad Nacional - Med • M.Sc. In Informatics TUM, Hons. Technology Management. • Work for TrustYou as Data (Scientist|Engineer| Juggler)™ • Founder and former organizer of Munich DataGeeks ABOUT ME
- 4. TODAY
- 5. • What we do • Architecture • Technology • Crawling • Textual Processing • Workflow Management and Scale • Sample Application AGENDA
- 6. WHAT WE DO
- 7. For every hotel on the planet, provide a summary of traveler reviews.
- 15. • Crawling • Natural Language Processing / Semantic Analysis • Record Linkage / Deduplication • Ranking • Recommendation • Classification • Clustering Tasks
- 16. ARCHITECTURE
- 17. Data Flow Crawling Seman-c Analysis Database API Clients • Google • Kayak+ • TY Analytics
- 19. SOME NUMBERS
- 24. 300,000+ daily new reviews
- 26. TECHNOLOGY
- 27. • Numpy • NLTK • Scikit-Learn • Pandas • IPython / Jupyter • Scrapy Python
- 28. • Hadoop Streaming • MRJob • Oozie • Luigi • … Python + Hadoop
- 29. Crawling
- 30. Crawling
- 35. • Build your own web crawlers • Extract data via CSS selectors, XPath, regexes, etc. • Handles queuing, request parallelism, cookies, throttling … • Comprehensive and well-designed • Commercial support by http://scrapinghub.com/
- 40. • 2 - 3 million new reviews/week • Customers want alerts 8 - 24h after review publication! • Smart crawl frequency & depth, but still high overhead • Pools of constantly refreshed EC2 proxy IPs • Direct API connections with many sites Crawling at TrustYou
- 41. • Custom framework very similar to scrapy • Runs on Hadoop cluster (100 nodes) • Not 100% suitable for MapReduce • Nodes mostly waiting • Coordination/messaging between nodes required: – Distributed queue – Rate Limiting Crawling at TrustYou
- 42. Text Processing
- 43. Text Processing Raw text Setence spli:ng Tokenizing Stopwords Stemming Topic Models Word Vectors Classification
- 44. Text Processing
- 45. • “great rooms” • “great hotel” • “rooms are terrible” • “hotel is terrible” Text Processing JJ NN JJ NN NN VB JJ NN VB JJ >> nltk.pos_tag(nltk.word_tokenize("hotel is terrible")) [('hotel', 'NN'), ('is', 'VBZ'), ('terrible', 'JJ')]
- 46. • 25+ languages • Linguistic system (morphology, taggers, grammars, parsers …) • Hadoop: Scale out CPU • ~1B opinions in the database • Python for ML & NLP libraries Semantic Analysis
- 47. Word2Vec/Doc2Vec
- 49. An instance of shallow learning
- 51. Generates real-valued vectors represenation of words
- 52. “king” – “man” + “woman” = “queen”
- 59. Similar words/documents are nearby vectors
- 60. Wor2vec offer a similarity metric of words
- 61. Can be extended to paragraphs and documents
- 62. A fast Python based implementation available via Gensim
- 64. Workflow Management and Scale
- 65. Crawl Extract Clean Stats ML ML NLP
- 66. Luigi “ A python framework for data flow definition and execution ”
- 67. Luigi • Build complex pipelines of batch jobs • Dependency resolution • Parallelism • Resume failed jobs • Some support for Hadoop
- 68. Luigi
- 69. Luigi • Dependency definition • Hadoop / HDFS Integration • Object oriented abstraction • Parallelism • Resume failed jobs • Visualization of pipelines • Command line integration
- 70. Minimal Bolerplate Code class WordCount(luigi.Task): date = luigi.DateParameter() def requires(self): return InputText(date) def output(self): return luigi.LocalTarget(’/tmp/%s' % self.date_interval) def run(self): count = {} for f in self.input(): for line in f.open('r'): for word in line.strip().split(): count[word] = count.get(word, 0) + 1 f = self.output().open('w') for word, count in six.iteritems(count): f.write("%st%dn" % (word, count)) f.close()
- 71. class WordCount(luigi.Task): date = luigi.DateParameter() def requires(self): return InputText(date) def output(self): return luigi.LocalTarget(’/tmp/%s' % self.date_interval) def run(self): count = {} for f in self.input(): for line in f.open('r'): for word in line.strip().split(): count[word] = count.get(word, 0) + 1 f = self.output().open('w') for word, count in six.iteritems(count): f.write("%st%dn" % (word, count)) f.close() Task Parameters
- 72. class WordCount(luigi.Task): date = luigi.DateParameter() def requires(self): return InputText(date) def output(self): return luigi.LocalTarget(’/tmp/%s' % self.date_interval) def run(self): count = {} for f in self.input(): for line in f.open('r'): for word in line.strip().split(): count[word] = count.get(word, 0) + 1 f = self.output().open('w') for word, count in six.iteritems(count): f.write("%st%dn" % (word, count)) f.close() Programmatically Defined Dependencies
- 73. class WordCount(luigi.Task): date = luigi.DateParameter() def requires(self): return InputText(date) def output(self): return luigi.LocalTarget(’/tmp/%s' % self.date_interval) def run(self): count = {} for f in self.input(): for line in f.open('r'): for word in line.strip().split(): count[word] = count.get(word, 0) + 1 f = self.output().open('w') for word, count in six.iteritems(count): f.write("%st%dn" % (word, count)) f.close() Each Task produces an ouput
- 74. class WordCount(luigi.Task): date = luigi.DateParameter() def requires(self): return InputText(date) def output(self): return luigi.LocalTarget(’/tmp/%s' % self.date_interval) def run(self): count = {} for f in self.input(): for line in f.open('r'): for word in line.strip().split(): count[word] = count.get(word, 0) + 1 f = self.output().open('w') for word, count in six.iteritems(count): f.write("%st%dn" % (word, count)) f.close() Write Logic in Python
- 75. Hadoop
- 78. Hadoop Streaming cat input.txt | ./map.py | sort | ./reduce.py > output.txt
- 79. Hadoop Streaming hadoop jar contrib/streaming/hadoop-*streaming*.jar -file /home/hduser/mapper.py -mapper /home/hduser/mapper.py -file /home/hduser/reducer.py -reducer /home/hduser/reducer.py -input /user/hduser/text.txt -output /user/hduser/gutenberg-output
- 80. class WordCount(luigi.hadoop.JobTask): date = luigi.DateParameter() def requires(self): return InputText(date) def output(self): return luigi.hdfs.HdfsTarget(’%s' % self.date_interval) def mapper(self, line): for word in line.strip().split(): yield word, 1 def reducer(self, key, values): yield key, sum(values) Luigi + Hadoop/HDFS
- 81. Go and learn:
- 84. Before • Bash scripts + Cron • Manual cleanup • Manual failure recovery • Hard(er) to debug
- 85. Now • Complex nested Luigi jobs graphs • Automatic retries • Still Hard to debug
- 86. We use it for… • Standalone executables • Dump data from databases • General Hadoop Streaming • Bash Scripts / MRJob • Pig* Scripts
- 87. You can wrap anything
- 93. Reviews highlight the individuality and personality of users
- 94. Snippets from Reviews “Hips don’t lie” “Maid was banging” “Beautiful bowl flowers” “Irish dance, I love that” “No ghost sighting” “One ghost touching” “Too much cardio, not enough squats in the gym” “it is like hugging a bony super model”
- 95. Hotel Reviews + Gensim + Python + Luigi = ?
- 98. from gensim.models.doc2vec import Doc2Vec class LearnModelTask(luigi.Task): # Parameters.... blah blah blah def output(self): return luigi.LocalTarget(os.path.join(self.output_directory, self.model_out)) def requires(self): return LearnBigramsTask() def run(self): sentences = LabeledClusterIDSentence(self.input().path) model = Doc2Vec(sentences=sentences, size=int(self.size), dm=int(self.distmem), negative=int(self.negative), workers=int(self.workers), window=int(self.window), min_count=int(self.min_count), train_words=True) model.save(self.output().path)
- 99. Wor2vec/Doc2vec offer a similarity metric of words
- 100. Similarities are useful for non- personalized recommender systems
- 101. Non-personalized recommenders recommend items based on what other consumers have said about the items.
- 103. Takeaways
- 104. Takeaways • It is possible to use Python as the primary language for doing large data processing on Hadoop. • It is not a perfect setup but works well most of the time. • Keep your ecosystem open to other technologies.
- 107. Questions?