2. In addition to the different economies of North and South
(North based on manufacturing and South based on
agriculture), historians generally agree that the following
events were among the key events leading the nation
toward its ultimate division:
New Territories Dred Scott v. Sanford
• Missouri Compromise John Brown’s Raid
• Wilmot Proviso Rise of Republican
• Compromise of 1850 Party and Election of
Fugitive Slave Act 1860
Uncle Tom’s Cabin Secession of
Kansas-Nebraska Southern states/Firing
Act/Bleeding Kansas on Ft. Sumter
4. New Territories
• As a result, an imaginary line was drawn across
the southern border of Missouri at latitude 36-
30 N., and it only applied to the Louisiana
Purchase.
• Missouri Compromise(1820)- Proposed by
Henry Clay to keep the number of free states
and slave states equal.
5.
6. New Territories
• Wilmot Proviso-
Proposed by David
Wilmot to ban slavery
in the West.
• The House passed it
in 1846, but shortly
afterwards the Senate
defeated it.
7. Admission of California as a
State
• In 1849, the number of free states equaled
the number of slave states at 15/15.
• Tempers flared with the admission of
California, because the balance between
free and slave states would be unequal.
8. Violence threatened in Senate
• The issue was so heated that MS Senator Henry
Foote pulled a gun on MO Senator Thomas Hart
Benton while in the Senate.
9. Clay vs. Calhoun
Henry Clay John C. Calhoun
• “the Great Compromiser” • Senator of South Carolina
• Pleaded for an • Refused a compromise
agreement between the • Demanded that fugitive or
North and South runaway slaves be
• Feared the nation would returned to their owners
break apart • Last reported words
• His plan “The 1850: “The Poor South!
Compromise of 1850” God knows what will
become of her now!”
10. Compromise of 1850
Composed of FIVE parts:
1. Allowed California to enter Union as free
state.
2. Formed territories of New Mexico and
Utah and decision of slavery based on
popular sovereignty
3. Ended slave trade in Washington, D.C.
4. Created a strict slave law
5. Settled a border dispute between Texas
and New Mexico
11. • All citizens required to
report runaway slaves
Fugitive Slave
• Helping fugitive slaves Act
could result in $1000 fine
and jail
• Judges given rewards for
sending runaway slaves
back
• Antislavery advocates in
north outraged, yet forced
to be a part of the slavery
system
12. Uncle Tom’s Cabin • Antislavery Bestseller
Author: Harriet
Beecher Stowe • Published in 1852
• Showed the evils of
slavery and Fugitive
Slave Act
• Popular in North- made
them see slavery as
immoral
• Hated in the South-said it
did not give a true picture
of slave life
13. Kansas
• Many Americans hoped that the Compromise of
1850 would end the debate over slavery in the
West.
• However, shortly after the Compromise of 1850
proslavery and antislavery forces struggled to
attain Kansas.
14. Kansas-Nebraska Act
• Proposed by Stephen
Douglas.
• Established territories
of Kansas and
Nebraska.
• Gave settlers popular
sovereignty to decide
on slavery issue.
15.
16. Northern Outrage
• Many northerners were unhappy
with the Kansas-Nebraska Act,
because it repealed the Missouri
Compromise.
17. Tensions build in Kansas
•Proslavery and antislavery settlers moved into
the Kansas territory.
•Many farmers from neighboring states moved
to the territory in hopes of gaining cheap land.
18. Bleeding Kansas/John Brown
• Proslavery raid on the town
of Lawrence.(Antislavery
stronghold)
• John Brown, an abolitionist,
struck back by murdering five
proslavery settlers.
• These events led to even
more violence and by 1856,
more than 200 people had
been killed.
•
19. Violence in the
Senate…Again!!!
• Abolitionist leader Charles Sumner of
Massachusetts criticized Andrew Butler of
South Carolina while he was not in the
chamber.
• Butler’s nephew, Congressman Preston
Brooks, responded a few days later by
marching into the Senate chamber and
beating Sumner with a cane.
http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/The_Caning_of_Senator_Charles_Sumner.htm
20.
21. The Dred Scott Case Decision
• Dred Scott was a slave from
Missouri who had lived in
Wisconsin and Illinois, two
free states.
• After Scott returned to
Missouri his owner died, and
he sued for his freedom.
• Issue led to the Supreme
Court case known as Dred
Scott v. Sanford.
22. Dred Scott
• Scott’s lawyers argued that he had lived in
a free territory, so he was a free man.
• Court ruled that Scott could not file a
lawsuit because he was not a citizen.
• Chief Justice Taney’s decision said that
slaves were considered to be property.
• The Supreme Court also ruled that
Congress could not outlaw slavery, which
made the Missouri Compromise
unconstitutional.
23. The Republican Party
• Formed to give a voice against slavery.
• Supporters of the new party fed up with
Whigs and Democrats.
• Main goal was to keep slavery out of
western territories.
24. Lincoln v. Douglas for Senate in
1858
Lincoln’s views Douglas’s views
• Slavery was morally • Western territories should
wrong. decide slavery issue by
• Wanted to prevent the popular sovereignty.
spread of slavery. • Personally disliked
slavery.
• Douglas won the election
by a slim margin.
25. John Brown’s Raid
• He led a raid on the
Federal Arsenal at
Harper’s Ferry, VA,
hoping slaves would
revolt.
• Brown’s plans failed.
He was captured and
hanged for treason.
• Brown was viewed as
either a martyr or a
crazy man for his
actions.
26. Election of 1860
• Democratic party slit in two:
• Southern democrats -supported slavery in
the territories. Represented by John
Breckinridge.
• Northern democrats- refused to support
slavery in the territories. Represented by
Stephen Douglas.
27. Election of 1860
• Constitutional Union party- established to
try and heal the split between the North
and South. Represented by John Bell of
Tennessee.
• Republican party- Represented by
Abraham Lincoln.
• Abraham Lincoln won the northern states
which sealed the election.
• However, Lincoln’s name was not even on
the ballot in 10 southern states.
28.
29. Southern Reaction
• Abraham Lincoln’s election left the South
believing they had no representation in the
federal government.
• As a result, South Carolina seceded on
December 20, 1860, followed closely by
Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana,
Mississippi, and Texas.
30. The Confederacy
• Eleven states thought they could legally secede because
The Declaration said people could abolish government.
• Confederate States of America was formed and
Jefferson Davis of Mississippi was the first president.
31. The Civil War Begins
• Lincoln stated that
there would be no war
unless South started
it.
• Confederate forces
began taking over
forts in the South.
32. Fort Sumter
• Located in South
Carolina
• Important to the
Confederacy because
it guarded Charleston
Harbor
33. Fort Sumter
• Confederate forces
demanded the fort to
surrender, but the
commander refused.
• As a result,
Confederate forces
fired on the fort until it
surrendered.
• This event marked
the start of the Civil
War.
