Developed by María Jesús Campos Fernández, Geography and History teacher at a bilingual section in Alcorcon (Madrid, Spain) learningfromgeography.wikispaces.com learningfromhistory.wikispaces.com

1. THE SECONDARY
SECTOR: INDUSTRY
María Jesús Campos Fernández.
learningfromgeography.wikispaces.com

3. Secondary Sector
Industry
Construction

4. Industry

5. Industry
 Definition
 Historical development of industry
 Elements of the Industrial Process
 Types of Industry:
 Base industry
 Capital goods industries
 Consumer goods industries
 Volume of raw materials: Light /Heavy Industry
 Number of employees: small, medium, large
 Factors for industry location
 Traditional factors
 Current factors
 Industrial Areas: Original, Modern, New Industrial Areas
 Environmental Problems
 Spain

6. Historical Development of
Industry
FirstIndustrialRevolution
• 18th century
• Energy: Coal
• Types of
Industries:
Metal and
Textile
• Countries:
United
Kingdom;
USA; France;
Germany
SecondIndustrial
Revolution
• 1870-1970
• Energy: Oil and
electricity
• Types of
Industries:
Automobile,
Chemicals, Iron
and Steel,
Household
Appliance
Industries.
• Innovations:
Combustion
Engine; Assembly
Line Production
• Countries: Japan
and Russia InformationandAutomation
Revolution
• 20th-21st century
• Energy: Oil,
Nuclear Energy,
New Reneawable
Energy.
• Industries:
Electronics,
Information,
Technology,
Biotechnology
• Innovations:
Automation,
Telecommunicatio
ns, the Internet.

10. First Industrial Revolution

12. Second Industrial Revolution

14. Third Industrial Revolution

20. Elements of Industry
• Natural resources or intermediate products are the raw
materials that industry transforms into usable products
Raw materials and
sources of energy
• Labour is required to produce goods. Employees earn a
salary in return for their work.Workforce
• Equipment, materials needed and skills required to
manufacture a productTechnology
• Financing and investment. The retail price of a product has to
be higher than production costs in order to generate profits
and cover investment.
Capital Investment
• To guarantee that these elements function efficiently and
ensure that high-quality goods are produced that can be sold
at competitive prices
Management

21. Raw Materials and Sources of
Energy

24. Workforce
 Unskilled
 Semiskilled
 Highskilled

34. Technology

35. Capital Investment

36. Management

37. Types of Industry: According to the origin of
materials and the end user of a product
Base
Industries:
- Raw materials into
energy
- Raw materials into
half-finished
products for other
industries
Capital Goods
Industries:
- Second changes to
prepare products to
supply tools to other
industries
(machinery, electrical
equipment,
electronics,
information
technology…)
Consumer
Goods
Industries:
- Products to be sold
directly to the
consumer
(pharmaceutical,
textile, footwear,
food industries…)

38. Base Industries

39. Capital Goods Industries

40. Consumer Goods Industries

42. Types of Industry: According to the volume
of raw materials
Heavy Industries:
- Large quatities of resources
(raw materials, labour, captial
and space) Iron, Steel and
Cement Industries
Light Industries:
- The size of the production
sites tends to be relatively
small.

44. Types of Industry: According to the number
of employees
Small Industries:
- Less than 50 employees
Medium Industries:
- From 50 to 100 employees.
Large Industries:
- More than 1000 employees

45. Factors for Industry Location
 Traditional factors:
 Proximity to raw
materials and energy
sources
 Proximity to market
centres and
consumption
 Proximity to ports and
transport routes
 Abundance of low-
skilled labour
 Availability of capital to
finance the
infrastructure for
industry (factores,
equipment, motorways,
railways, canals…)
 Current factors:
 Access to raw materials
and energy sources
 Aboundance of cheap
labour but also of high-
skilled workers
 Availability of good
communications:
transport routes but also
the Inernet
 Access to a global
market
 Support from the
govenrments to ease
and foster the conditions
for location, financing,
acces to innovation,
taxes…

48. Evolution of Industrial Areas
 Original industrial
areas:
 Mining areas
 Ports and rivers
 Urban areas
 Modern industrial
areas
 New Industrial
Areas:
 Centres for
advanced
technology
 Automated and
high tecnology
industries

55. Environmental Impact

58. The Industrialisation Crisis
 Deindustrialisation  Industrial Relocation:
 Traditional Industries
have relocated to
cheaper areas:
 Developing Countries
 Industrial estates in the
outskirts of cities
 Innovative and High-
Technology Industries:
 Established in Science
Parks in economically
flourishing cities to
have acces to qualified
workers, infrastructures
and advanced services

66. Developed by María Jesús Campos
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Sources: rocio Bautista Slidehare ppt