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Grammar Book
Cesar Kirk
Table of Contents
1. Nationalities
2. Stem Changers
3. Para
4. IOP
5. Pronoun Placement
6. Gustar Verb
7. Affirmative and Negative Words
8. Superlatives
9. Reflexives
10. Affirmative Tu Commands + Irregulars + Pronoun Placement
11. Negative Tu Commands + Irregulars + Pronoun Placement
12. Sequencing Events
Nationalities
Stem Changers

       DORMIR                        ENTENDER
    Duermo      Dormimos           Entiendo   Entendemos

    Duermes      Dormís           Entiendes    Entendéis

    Duerme       Duermen           Entiende    Entienden



       O          UE                  E         IE

All forms of the verb change except for nosotros and vosotros
Para
•Definition – in order to or for
•Followed by an infinitive


• Ex – Quisiera los enchiladas para comer.
• Ex – Feliz cumpleaños para ti.
• Ex – Mi madre cocina tacos para el almuerzo.
Indirect Object Pronouns
                                Yo             Me

                                Tú             Te

                           Él, ella, ud.       Le

                           Ellos, ellas,
                                               Les
                               uds.

                            Nosotros          Nos




Ex. Les da el professor un examen a los alumnos.
Ex. A Uds. Les interesan los deportes.
Ex. Le gusta a Ud. La comida china.
Pronoun Placement
• When a pronoun accompanies a conjugated verb, the pronoun
  comes before the verb.

• Ex. Rosa le compra una olla a su madre.

• When the pronoun accompanies a sentence with an infinitive,
  it can go either before the conjugated verb or be attached to
  the end of the infinitive.

• Ex. Rosa quiere comparle una olla a su madre
Gustar
     Yo           Me gusta                            Yo                  Me gustan

     Tú               Te gusta                        Tú                  Te gustan

Él, ella, ud.         Le gusta                   Él, ella, ud.            Le gustan

Ellos, ellas,                                    Ellos, ellas,
                      Les gusta                                           Les gustan
    uds.                                             uds.

 Nosotros         Nos gusta                       Nosotros                Nos gustan


           Singular                                              Plural

                       Ex. Me gusta viajar.
                       Ex. Nosotros nos gustan los tacos.
                       Ex. Les gusta escribir.
Affirmative & Negative Words
            Algo      Something
            Alguien   Somebody
            Alguno    Some
            Siempre   Always
            Tambien   Also
            O…o       Either…or


            Nada      Nothing
            Nadie     Nobody
            Ninguno   None
            Nunca     Never
            Tampoco   Neither
            Ni…ni     Neither…nor
Superlativos
• Isimo, isimos, isima, isimas are added to
  adjectives and adverbs
• Equivalent to extremely or very
   • Malo – malisimo
   • Agradable - agradablisimo
• When the word ends with a c it changes to a q
   • Comico - Comiquisimo
Reflexivos
       Yo              Me
                               Used when the subject
       Tú               Te       also receives the
  Él, ella, ud.         Se            actions.
  Ellos, ellas,
                        Se
      uds.

   Nosotros            Nos



Ex. Me ducho.
Ex. Te afeitas de la manana.
Ex. Se come su taco.
Affirmative Tu Commands
Used to give instructions or commands to
someone.

                                           Decir    Di

Change the form to 3rd person              Hacer    Haz
                                             Ir     Ve
                                           Poner    Pon
Ex. Camina en el parque.
Ex. Come toda la hamburguesa.               Salir   Sal
                                            Ser      Se
                                           Tener    Ten
When using an object pronoun, attach the   Venir    Ven
pronoun to the end of the command.

Ex. Cruza el parque > Cruzalo
Negative Tu Commands
Used to tell someone what not to do.

Take the form of the present tense,             Dar/Decir   Des/Digas
drop the “o” and add the                            Ir       Vayas
appropriate ending                                 Ser       Seas
       Es for ar verbs                           Hacer       Hayas
       As for ir/er verbs                        Estar       Estes
Ex. No hables                                    Saber       Sepas
Ex. No Vuelvas
                                                 Tener       Tengas
Object pronouns precede the verbs in negative    Venir       Vengas
commands, just as with other conjugated verbs
Ex. No lo uses!
Sequencing Events
         Primero          First
         Entonces         Then
       Luego/Despues   Later/After
          Por fin         Final
         Antes de        Before
        Despues de        After
       Por la manana In the morning
        Por la noche In the evening

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Grammar book

  • 2. Table of Contents 1. Nationalities 2. Stem Changers 3. Para 4. IOP 5. Pronoun Placement 6. Gustar Verb 7. Affirmative and Negative Words 8. Superlatives 9. Reflexives 10. Affirmative Tu Commands + Irregulars + Pronoun Placement 11. Negative Tu Commands + Irregulars + Pronoun Placement 12. Sequencing Events
  • 4. Stem Changers DORMIR ENTENDER Duermo Dormimos Entiendo Entendemos Duermes Dormís Entiendes Entendéis Duerme Duermen Entiende Entienden O UE E IE All forms of the verb change except for nosotros and vosotros
  • 5. Para •Definition – in order to or for •Followed by an infinitive • Ex – Quisiera los enchiladas para comer. • Ex – Feliz cumpleaños para ti. • Ex – Mi madre cocina tacos para el almuerzo.
  • 6. Indirect Object Pronouns Yo Me Tú Te Él, ella, ud. Le Ellos, ellas, Les uds. Nosotros Nos Ex. Les da el professor un examen a los alumnos. Ex. A Uds. Les interesan los deportes. Ex. Le gusta a Ud. La comida china.
  • 7. Pronoun Placement • When a pronoun accompanies a conjugated verb, the pronoun comes before the verb. • Ex. Rosa le compra una olla a su madre. • When the pronoun accompanies a sentence with an infinitive, it can go either before the conjugated verb or be attached to the end of the infinitive. • Ex. Rosa quiere comparle una olla a su madre
  • 8. Gustar Yo Me gusta Yo Me gustan Tú Te gusta Tú Te gustan Él, ella, ud. Le gusta Él, ella, ud. Le gustan Ellos, ellas, Ellos, ellas, Les gusta Les gustan uds. uds. Nosotros Nos gusta Nosotros Nos gustan Singular Plural Ex. Me gusta viajar. Ex. Nosotros nos gustan los tacos. Ex. Les gusta escribir.
  • 9. Affirmative & Negative Words Algo Something Alguien Somebody Alguno Some Siempre Always Tambien Also O…o Either…or Nada Nothing Nadie Nobody Ninguno None Nunca Never Tampoco Neither Ni…ni Neither…nor
  • 10. Superlativos • Isimo, isimos, isima, isimas are added to adjectives and adverbs • Equivalent to extremely or very • Malo – malisimo • Agradable - agradablisimo • When the word ends with a c it changes to a q • Comico - Comiquisimo
  • 11. Reflexivos Yo Me Used when the subject Tú Te also receives the Él, ella, ud. Se actions. Ellos, ellas, Se uds. Nosotros Nos Ex. Me ducho. Ex. Te afeitas de la manana. Ex. Se come su taco.
  • 12. Affirmative Tu Commands Used to give instructions or commands to someone. Decir Di Change the form to 3rd person Hacer Haz Ir Ve Poner Pon Ex. Camina en el parque. Ex. Come toda la hamburguesa. Salir Sal Ser Se Tener Ten When using an object pronoun, attach the Venir Ven pronoun to the end of the command. Ex. Cruza el parque > Cruzalo
  • 13. Negative Tu Commands Used to tell someone what not to do. Take the form of the present tense, Dar/Decir Des/Digas drop the “o” and add the Ir Vayas appropriate ending Ser Seas Es for ar verbs Hacer Hayas As for ir/er verbs Estar Estes Ex. No hables Saber Sepas Ex. No Vuelvas Tener Tengas Object pronouns precede the verbs in negative Venir Vengas commands, just as with other conjugated verbs Ex. No lo uses!
  • 14. Sequencing Events Primero First Entonces Then Luego/Despues Later/After Por fin Final Antes de Before Despues de After Por la manana In the morning Por la noche In the evening