Controllability observability-pole-zero-cancellationcairo university
This document discusses how pole-zero cancellation in a third order system can affect controllability and observability. It analyzes two block diagrams with different pole-zero configurations. The first system is uncontrollable but observable, while the second system is controllable but not observable, demonstrating that pole-zero cancellation impacts these properties.
Three Point Starter: Diagram and Working PrincipleDr.Raja R
This document discusses the three point starter, which is a device that helps start and run DC shunt or compound wound motors. It consists of contact points called studs that gradually cut resistance from the armature circuit as the motor gains speed. Initially, high starting current is limited by the entire resistance being in series with the armature. As the handle moves from OFF to RUN, resistance is removed. The no voltage coil holds the handle in RUN position using magnetic force as long as power is supplied, but releases it to OFF if power fails, protecting the motor. However, three point starters have issues if field current decreases too much by field rheostat adjustment.
Liquids make excellent insulating materials due to their high density and heat transfer capabilities compared to gases. Common liquid insulators include transformer oils, silicone oils, and liquid nitrogen. While liquids can withstand very high dielectric strengths in theory, impurities like water, dust, ions, and dissolved gases reduce their actual breakdown strength. Liquids are useful as insulators in high voltage cables, capacitors, transformers, and circuit breakers, where they also act as coolants. The presence of even 0.01% water in oil can reduce its dielectric strength by 80%.
This document provides information on hydro power stations, including their schematic arrangement, classification, advantages and disadvantages, site selection criteria, and environmental impacts. It discusses the key components of a hydro power plant such as the catchment area, dam, reservoir, penstocks, valves, turbines, generators, and draft tubes. It also lists the largest hydro power producers in the world and provides examples of major hydro power projects in India along with career opportunities in the hydro power sector.
Controllability observability-pole-zero-cancellationcairo university
This document discusses how pole-zero cancellation in a third order system can affect controllability and observability. It analyzes two block diagrams with different pole-zero configurations. The first system is uncontrollable but observable, while the second system is controllable but not observable, demonstrating that pole-zero cancellation impacts these properties.
Three Point Starter: Diagram and Working PrincipleDr.Raja R
This document discusses the three point starter, which is a device that helps start and run DC shunt or compound wound motors. It consists of contact points called studs that gradually cut resistance from the armature circuit as the motor gains speed. Initially, high starting current is limited by the entire resistance being in series with the armature. As the handle moves from OFF to RUN, resistance is removed. The no voltage coil holds the handle in RUN position using magnetic force as long as power is supplied, but releases it to OFF if power fails, protecting the motor. However, three point starters have issues if field current decreases too much by field rheostat adjustment.
Liquids make excellent insulating materials due to their high density and heat transfer capabilities compared to gases. Common liquid insulators include transformer oils, silicone oils, and liquid nitrogen. While liquids can withstand very high dielectric strengths in theory, impurities like water, dust, ions, and dissolved gases reduce their actual breakdown strength. Liquids are useful as insulators in high voltage cables, capacitors, transformers, and circuit breakers, where they also act as coolants. The presence of even 0.01% water in oil can reduce its dielectric strength by 80%.
This document provides information on hydro power stations, including their schematic arrangement, classification, advantages and disadvantages, site selection criteria, and environmental impacts. It discusses the key components of a hydro power plant such as the catchment area, dam, reservoir, penstocks, valves, turbines, generators, and draft tubes. It also lists the largest hydro power producers in the world and provides examples of major hydro power projects in India along with career opportunities in the hydro power sector.
This document discusses power transformer protection. It begins by explaining that transformers are static devices that transform electrical energy between circuits without changing frequency. Power transformers are vital but expensive components that are difficult to repair if damaged. Protection is needed to prevent severe damage from faults.
It then describes the types of faults as incipient, internal, or external. Potential causes of faults are listed as insulation breakdown, overheating, oil contamination, reduced cooling, and phase/ground faults.
The document outlines the general scheme of differential protection and lists specific protection functions used. It provides an example calculation for setting a transformer differential relay and describes the relay's operating characteristics. Models of differential protection relays from various manufacturers are also listed.
Design of substation (with Transformer Design) SayanSarkar55
This ppt is made for the subject Machine Design. Here the basic types, equipment, designs of substation is described with the preocess and calculation of designing a transformer also.
This document describes an experiment conducted on a three-phase induction motor using a squirrel cage rotor. The objectives are to demonstrate the operating characteristics of the motor and record its load characteristics under star and delta connections. The procedures involve connecting the motor in star and delta configurations and measuring voltage, current, speed, power factor, efficiency and slip at various torque loads. The results are recorded in tables and graphs are plotted showing the relationships between the various parameters. The aim is to examine the motor's performance characteristics under different connections and loads.
The document discusses electrical grounding, including its importance for safety and protection from electrical hazards. It outlines several benefits of proper grounding, such as personal protection from electric shocks, protection of devices from voltage fluctuations, and reducing damage from lightning strikes. The document also covers general concepts regarding grounding, relevant standards and regulations, and the factors that influence grounding resistance.
This document summarizes the principles and operation of an induction generator. It explains that an induction generator operates when the rotor spins faster than synchronous speed, inducing a current in the stator. Reactive power is required from an external capacitor bank to generate a rotating magnetic field. Induction generators are simpler and cheaper than other generators but have lower efficiency and cannot independently regulate voltage levels. Their applications include use in variable-speed wind turbines and dynamic braking systems.
3 phase half wave controlled converter with r Loadmechatronics jf
This document discusses three-phase converters that convert AC power to DC power for loads. It specifically describes three-phase half-wave controlled rectifiers, which are made up of three single-phase half-wave converters connected together. It provides the equation to calculate the average DC output voltage of a three-phase half-wave converter and discusses that the thyristor conducts from 30 degrees to 180 degrees for a resistive load. The document concludes by describing a problem to calculate firing angle, average/RMS load current, and efficiency for a 3-phase converter operating from a 230V 50Hz supply with a 10 ohm resistive load and 50% of maximum output voltage required.
This document discusses the analysis, design, and modeling of DC-DC converters using Simulink. It begins with an introduction to DC-DC converters, noting common types like buck, boost, and buck-boost converters. It then provides more detailed explanations of how each converter works through circuit diagrams and waveform explanations. The document also discusses advantages and disadvantages of DC-DC converters. It presents Simulink models of buck, boost, and buck-boost converters and concludes that DC-DC converters provide regulated low-voltage power in electronics and remain an interesting topic for improved regulation and response.
This document discusses four types of modifications that can be made to an existing power network to revise the Z-bus representation. Type 1 involves adding a branch impedance between a new bus and the reference bus. Type 2 adds a branch between a new bus and an existing bus. Type 3 adds a branch between an existing bus and the reference bus. Type 4 adds a branch between two existing buses. The document presents figures to illustrate each type and provides the corresponding equations to update the Z-bus matrix for the network.
1) A signal is a physical quantity that varies with respect to time, space, or other independent variables. Signals can be classified as discrete or continuous. 2) Unit impulse and unit step signals are defined for both discrete and continuous time. The discrete unit impulse is 1 at n=0 and 0 otherwise. The continuous unit impulse is 1 at t=0 and 0 otherwise. 3) Periodic signals repeat over a time period T, while aperiodic signals do not have this periodicity property. Even and odd signals satisfy certain symmetry properties when their argument is negated.
Transformers Tunisia SA, ISO 9001 and Partner Program Upgrade is a leading manufacturer of distribution transformers MV / MV, MT/BT- BT / BT Single and three phase poles in the cabin and immersed in oil or resin.
Maintenance and repair of transformers in our factory and sites instalation
* Processing and transformer oil testing
contater 0021621730007
email: rostom.laribi@voila.fr
El crédito y los seguros como parte de la educación financieraMarcoMolina87
El crédito y los seguros, son temas importantes para desarrollar en la ciudadanía capacidades que le permita identificar su capacidad de endeudamiento, los derechos y las obligaciones que adquiere al obtener un crédito y conocer cuáles son las formas de asegurar su inversión.
This document discusses power transformer protection. It begins by explaining that transformers are static devices that transform electrical energy between circuits without changing frequency. Power transformers are vital but expensive components that are difficult to repair if damaged. Protection is needed to prevent severe damage from faults.
It then describes the types of faults as incipient, internal, or external. Potential causes of faults are listed as insulation breakdown, overheating, oil contamination, reduced cooling, and phase/ground faults.
The document outlines the general scheme of differential protection and lists specific protection functions used. It provides an example calculation for setting a transformer differential relay and describes the relay's operating characteristics. Models of differential protection relays from various manufacturers are also listed.
Design of substation (with Transformer Design) SayanSarkar55
This ppt is made for the subject Machine Design. Here the basic types, equipment, designs of substation is described with the preocess and calculation of designing a transformer also.
This document describes an experiment conducted on a three-phase induction motor using a squirrel cage rotor. The objectives are to demonstrate the operating characteristics of the motor and record its load characteristics under star and delta connections. The procedures involve connecting the motor in star and delta configurations and measuring voltage, current, speed, power factor, efficiency and slip at various torque loads. The results are recorded in tables and graphs are plotted showing the relationships between the various parameters. The aim is to examine the motor's performance characteristics under different connections and loads.
The document discusses electrical grounding, including its importance for safety and protection from electrical hazards. It outlines several benefits of proper grounding, such as personal protection from electric shocks, protection of devices from voltage fluctuations, and reducing damage from lightning strikes. The document also covers general concepts regarding grounding, relevant standards and regulations, and the factors that influence grounding resistance.
This document summarizes the principles and operation of an induction generator. It explains that an induction generator operates when the rotor spins faster than synchronous speed, inducing a current in the stator. Reactive power is required from an external capacitor bank to generate a rotating magnetic field. Induction generators are simpler and cheaper than other generators but have lower efficiency and cannot independently regulate voltage levels. Their applications include use in variable-speed wind turbines and dynamic braking systems.
3 phase half wave controlled converter with r Loadmechatronics jf
This document discusses three-phase converters that convert AC power to DC power for loads. It specifically describes three-phase half-wave controlled rectifiers, which are made up of three single-phase half-wave converters connected together. It provides the equation to calculate the average DC output voltage of a three-phase half-wave converter and discusses that the thyristor conducts from 30 degrees to 180 degrees for a resistive load. The document concludes by describing a problem to calculate firing angle, average/RMS load current, and efficiency for a 3-phase converter operating from a 230V 50Hz supply with a 10 ohm resistive load and 50% of maximum output voltage required.
This document discusses the analysis, design, and modeling of DC-DC converters using Simulink. It begins with an introduction to DC-DC converters, noting common types like buck, boost, and buck-boost converters. It then provides more detailed explanations of how each converter works through circuit diagrams and waveform explanations. The document also discusses advantages and disadvantages of DC-DC converters. It presents Simulink models of buck, boost, and buck-boost converters and concludes that DC-DC converters provide regulated low-voltage power in electronics and remain an interesting topic for improved regulation and response.
This document discusses four types of modifications that can be made to an existing power network to revise the Z-bus representation. Type 1 involves adding a branch impedance between a new bus and the reference bus. Type 2 adds a branch between a new bus and an existing bus. Type 3 adds a branch between an existing bus and the reference bus. Type 4 adds a branch between two existing buses. The document presents figures to illustrate each type and provides the corresponding equations to update the Z-bus matrix for the network.
1) A signal is a physical quantity that varies with respect to time, space, or other independent variables. Signals can be classified as discrete or continuous. 2) Unit impulse and unit step signals are defined for both discrete and continuous time. The discrete unit impulse is 1 at n=0 and 0 otherwise. The continuous unit impulse is 1 at t=0 and 0 otherwise. 3) Periodic signals repeat over a time period T, while aperiodic signals do not have this periodicity property. Even and odd signals satisfy certain symmetry properties when their argument is negated.
Transformers Tunisia SA, ISO 9001 and Partner Program Upgrade is a leading manufacturer of distribution transformers MV / MV, MT/BT- BT / BT Single and three phase poles in the cabin and immersed in oil or resin.
Maintenance and repair of transformers in our factory and sites instalation
* Processing and transformer oil testing
contater 0021621730007
email: rostom.laribi@voila.fr
El crédito y los seguros como parte de la educación financieraMarcoMolina87
El crédito y los seguros, son temas importantes para desarrollar en la ciudadanía capacidades que le permita identificar su capacidad de endeudamiento, los derechos y las obligaciones que adquiere al obtener un crédito y conocer cuáles son las formas de asegurar su inversión.
Antes de iniciar el contenido técnico de lo acontecido en materia tributaria estos últimos días de mayo; quisiera referirme a la importancia de una expresión tan sabia aplicable a tantas situaciones de la vida, y hoy, meritoria de considerar en el prefacio del presente análisis -
"no se extraña lo que nunca se ha tenido".
Con esta frase me quiero referir a las empresas que funcionan en las zonas de Iquique y Punta Arenas, acogidas a los beneficios de las zonas francas, y que, por ende, no pagan impuesto de primera categoría. En palabras técnicas estas empresas no mantienen saldos en sus registros SAC, y por ello, este nuevo Impuesto Sustitutivo, sin duda, es una tremenda y gran noticia.
Lo mismo se puede extender a las empresas que por haber aplicado beneficios de reinversión sumado a las ventajas transitorias de la menor tasa de primera categoría pagada; me refiero a las pymes en su mayoría. Han acumulado un monto de créditos menor en su registro SAC.
En estos casos, no es mucho lo que se tiene que perder.
Lo interesante, es que este ISRAI nace desde un pago efectivo de recursos, lo que exigirá a las empresas evaluar muy bien desde su posición financiera actual, y la planificación de esta, en un horizonte de corto plazo, considerar las alternativas que se disponen.
El 15 de mayo de 2024, el Congreso aprobó el proyecto de ley que “crea un Fondo de Emergencia Transitorio por incendios y establece otras medidas para la reconstrucción”, el cual se encuentra en las últimas etapas previo a su publicación y posterior entrada en vigencia.
Este proyecto tiene por objetivo establecer un marco institucional para organizar los esfuerzos públicos, con miras a solventar los gastos de reconstrucción y otras medidas de recuperación que se implementarán en la Región de Valparaíso a raíz de los incendios ocurridos en febrero de 2024.
Dentro del marco de “otras medidas de reconstrucción”, el proyecto crea un régimen opcional de impuesto sustitutivo de los impuestos finales (denominado también ISRAI), con distintas modalidades para sociedades bajo el régimen general de tributación (artículo 14 A de la ley sobre Impuesto a la Renta) y bajo el Régimen Pyme (artículo 14 D N° 3 de la ley sobre Impuesto a la Renta).
Para conocer detalles revisa nuestro artículo completo aquí BBSC® Impuesto Sustitutivo 2024.
Por Claudia Valdés Muñoz cvaldes@bbsc.cl +56981393599
La Comisión europea informa sobre el progreso social en la UE.ManfredNolte
Bruselas confirma que el progreso social varía notablemente entre las regiones de la Unión Europea, y que los países nórdicos tienen un desempeño consistentemente mejor que el resto de los Estados miembros.
PMI sector servicios España mes de mayo 2024LuisdelBarri
Estudio PMI Sector Servicios
El Índice de Actividad Comercial del Sector Servicios subió de 56.2 registrado en abril a 56.9 en mayo, indicando el crecimiento más fuerte desde abril de 2023.
Desafíos del Habeas Data y las nuevas tecnología enfoque comparado Colombia y...mariaclaudiaortizj
El artículo aborda los desafíos del Habeas Data en el marco de las Nuevas Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (NTIC), comparando las legislaciones de Colombia y España. Desde la Declaración de los Derechos del Hombre en 1948 hasta la implementación del Reglamento General de Protección de Datos (GDPR) en Europa, la protección de la privacidad ha ganado importancia a nivel mundial. El objetivo principal del artículo es analizar cómo las legislaciones de Colombia y España abordan la protección de datos personales, comparando sus enfoques normativos y evaluando la eficacia de sus marcos legales en el contexto de la digitalización avanzada. Se hace uso de un enfoque mixto que combina análisis cualitativo detallado de documentos legales y cuantitativo descriptivo para comparar la prevalencia de ciertos principios en las normativas. Los hallazgos indican que España ha establecido un marco legal robusto y detallado desde 1978, alineándose con las directrices de la UE y el GDPR, mientras que Colombia, aunque ha progresado con leyes como la Ley 1581 de 2012, todavía podría beneficiarse de adoptar aspectos del régimen europeo para mejorar su protección de datos. Este análisis subraya la importancia de las reformas legales y políticas en la protección de datos, crucial para asegurar la privacidad en una sociedad digital y globalizada.
Palabras clave: Avances tecnológicos, Derecho en la era digital, Habeas Data, Marco jurídico y Protección de datos personales.
vehiculo importado desde pais extrajero contien documentos respaldados como ser la factura comercial de importacion un seguro y demas tambien indica la partida arancelaria que deb contener este vehículo 3. La importadora PARISBOL TRUCK IMPORT SOCIEDAD DE RESPONSABILIDAD LIMITADA perteneciente a Bolivia, trae desde CHILE , un vehículo Automóvil con un número de ruedas de 6 Número del chasis YV2RT40A0HB828781 De clase tractocamión, con dos puertas . El precio es de 35231,46 dólares, la importadora tiene los siguientes datos para el cálculo de sus costos:
• Flete de $ 1500 por contenedor
• El deducible es de 10 % de la SA y la prima neta de 0.02% de la SA
• ARANCEL DE IMPORTACIÓN 20% • ALMACÉN ADUANERO 1.5%
• DESPACHO ADUANERO 2.1%
• IVA 14.94%
• PERCEPCIÓN 0.3%
• OTROS GASTOS DE IMPORTACIÓN $US
• Derecho de emisión 4.20
• Handling 58 • Descarga 69
• Servicios aduana 30
• Movilización de carga 70.10
• Transporte interno 150
• Gastos operativos 70
• Otros gastos 100 • Comisión agente de 0.05% CIF
GASTOS FINANCIEROS o GASTOS APERTURA DE L/C (0.3 % FOB) o Intereses proveedor $ 1050 CALULAR:
i) El valor FOB
j) hallar la suma asegurada de la mercancía y la prima neta que se debe pagar a la compañía aseguradora, y el valor CIF
k) El total de derechos e impuestos
l) El costo total de importación y el factor
m) El costo unitario de importación de cada alfombra en $us y Bs. (tipo de cambio: Bs.6.85)