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María giraldoZuluaga
LÁPIZ
El lápizse inventóapartirdel descubrimientodel grafito,variedadde carbón,yreemplazómuchos
otros métodosque el hombre teníaparaescribir,comopiedrasoplumas.Hoy,el lápizse produce
industrialmente:se mezclapolvode grafito,arcillayaguahasta obtenerunamasa que se cocina,
trituray compacta, para crear una minaque luegose envuelveenmadera.Asíobtenemosunlápiz.
Comose creó
- El lapizesunode los objetosmáscomunesde laescuela,yunode losimprescindibles,pero..
Algunavezte preguntaste comoesque se hace un Lapiz?
1er. Paso:
Partiendode unbloque de madera,habitualmente de CEDRO,se divide entablitasalasque se le
hacenunas hendidurasparacolocarlas minas.
- CEDRO: Sonárbolesde gran tamaño,de madera olorosaycopa cónica o vertical,muyutilizados
para ornamentaciónde parques.Existencuatroespeciesde cedros:Cedrodel Líbano,Cedrodel
Atlas,Cedrode Chipre,yCedrodel Himalaya.
2do. Paso:
A continuaciónse aplicapegamentoenlossurcosde lastablillas,se colocanlasminasde GRAFITO
enuna de ellasy se colocala otra encima.
- GRAFITO:El grafitoesla formamás estable del carbono.Esla modificaciónhexagonal del
carbono y segúnlosestudiosde suestructura,pertenece alaclase dipiramidal dihexagonal.
3er. Paso:
Una vez secoel pegamento,otramáquinase encargade practicar HENDIDURAS a ambosladosde
la tablapor donde se separaránloslápices.
- HENDIDURAS:Aberturao corte profundoenuncuerposolidoque nollegaadividirlodel todo.
4to. y ultimoPaso:
Seguidamente,yaseparadosloslápices,se pintan,se barnizanyse lesgraba lamarca, el modeloy
un númeroque indicaladurezade la mina.
- SABIASQUE?:
- La durezade loslápicesdepende de laproporciónentre grafitoyarcilla;cuantomásgrafitose
utilice,másblandouoscuroes el trazodel lápiz.
Tornos yprensadores
Tornos
Se denominatorno(del latíntornus,yeste del griegoτόρνος,giro,vuelta)[1] aun conjunto de
máquinasyherramientasque permitenmecanizar,cortar,fisurar,trapeciar,yranurar piezasde
formageométricaporrevolución.Estasmáquinas-herramientaoperanhaciendogirarlapiezaa
mecanizar(sujetaenel cabezal ofijadaentre lospuntosde centraje) mientrasunaovarias
herramientasde corte sonempujadasenunmovimientoreguladode avance contrala superficie
de la pieza,cortandolavirutade acuerdocon lascondicionestecnológicasde mecanizado
adecuadas.Desde el iniciode laRevolución industrial,el tornose haconvertidoenunamáquina
básicaen el procesoindustrial de mecanizado.
Prensadores
Se denominatroquelaciónalaoperaciónmecánicaque se utilizapararealizaragujerosenchapas
de metal,láminasde plástico,papel ocartón.Para realizarestatarea,se utilizandesde simples
mecanismosde accionamientomanual hastasofisticadasprensasmecánicasde granpotencia.

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El lapiz

  • 1. María giraldoZuluaga LÁPIZ El lápizse inventóapartirdel descubrimientodel grafito,variedadde carbón,yreemplazómuchos otros métodosque el hombre teníaparaescribir,comopiedrasoplumas.Hoy,el lápizse produce industrialmente:se mezclapolvode grafito,arcillayaguahasta obtenerunamasa que se cocina, trituray compacta, para crear una minaque luegose envuelveenmadera.Asíobtenemosunlápiz. Comose creó - El lapizesunode los objetosmáscomunesde laescuela,yunode losimprescindibles,pero.. Algunavezte preguntaste comoesque se hace un Lapiz? 1er. Paso: Partiendode unbloque de madera,habitualmente de CEDRO,se divide entablitasalasque se le hacenunas hendidurasparacolocarlas minas. - CEDRO: Sonárbolesde gran tamaño,de madera olorosaycopa cónica o vertical,muyutilizados para ornamentaciónde parques.Existencuatroespeciesde cedros:Cedrodel Líbano,Cedrodel Atlas,Cedrode Chipre,yCedrodel Himalaya. 2do. Paso: A continuaciónse aplicapegamentoenlossurcosde lastablillas,se colocanlasminasde GRAFITO enuna de ellasy se colocala otra encima. - GRAFITO:El grafitoesla formamás estable del carbono.Esla modificaciónhexagonal del carbono y segúnlosestudiosde suestructura,pertenece alaclase dipiramidal dihexagonal. 3er. Paso: Una vez secoel pegamento,otramáquinase encargade practicar HENDIDURAS a ambosladosde la tablapor donde se separaránloslápices. - HENDIDURAS:Aberturao corte profundoenuncuerposolidoque nollegaadividirlodel todo. 4to. y ultimoPaso:
  • 2. Seguidamente,yaseparadosloslápices,se pintan,se barnizanyse lesgraba lamarca, el modeloy un númeroque indicaladurezade la mina. - SABIASQUE?: - La durezade loslápicesdepende de laproporciónentre grafitoyarcilla;cuantomásgrafitose utilice,másblandouoscuroes el trazodel lápiz. Tornos yprensadores Tornos Se denominatorno(del latíntornus,yeste del griegoτόρνος,giro,vuelta)[1] aun conjunto de máquinasyherramientasque permitenmecanizar,cortar,fisurar,trapeciar,yranurar piezasde formageométricaporrevolución.Estasmáquinas-herramientaoperanhaciendogirarlapiezaa mecanizar(sujetaenel cabezal ofijadaentre lospuntosde centraje) mientrasunaovarias herramientasde corte sonempujadasenunmovimientoreguladode avance contrala superficie de la pieza,cortandolavirutade acuerdocon lascondicionestecnológicasde mecanizado adecuadas.Desde el iniciode laRevolución industrial,el tornose haconvertidoenunamáquina básicaen el procesoindustrial de mecanizado. Prensadores Se denominatroquelaciónalaoperaciónmecánicaque se utilizapararealizaragujerosenchapas de metal,láminasde plástico,papel ocartón.Para realizarestatarea,se utilizandesde simples mecanismosde accionamientomanual hastasofisticadasprensasmecánicasde granpotencia.