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Symfony-Community: Introducción a arquitecturas de aplicaciones web y frameworks
- 1. Introducción a arquitecturas de aplicaciones web y frameworks Prácticas, patrones y factores para la elección del framework Disertante:
- 2. presentación comunidad ¿Quiénes somos? Colaboradores: Objetivo del seminario: • Excedesoft S.A. • Lic. Fabian Castillo Proveer al estudiante, profesional o • Ing. Emiliano Viada empresa con los conceptos necesarios para poder elegir un framework. Destinatarios: • Estudiantes • Profesionales • Empresas - Instituciones Disertante:
- 3. • Concepto deaplicación web Contenido • Evolución de las aplicaciones web (temario) • Aplicaciones cada vez mas complejas. • Concepto de arquitectura • El rol del arquitecto. • Cuestiones • Concepto de framework • Que es un framework? • Ventajas y desventajas de utilización de un framework. • Patrones arquitecturales • Diferencia entre patrones computacionales y arquitecturales. • Patrones arquitecturales mas populares • Factores comerciales-técnicos para la elección del framework. • Técnico y de gestión: arquitecturales, lenguajes, frameworks, prácticas, estándares, escalabilidad, soporte • Institución o empresa: costos, portabilidad, curva de aprendizaje, • Comercialización: puntos de venta, ventajas competitivas. • Demostración de conceptos en práctica.. Disertante:
- 4. Concepto Aplicación Web Cliente Medio - HTTP Servidor PC - Browser Solicita Requerimiento Web Aplicación Pagina URL Server - Sesión - Negocio Internet - BD Renderiza HTML, CSS, JS, - Recursos Contenido Imágenes Usuario Arquitectura Cliente - Servidor Una aplicación web es un programa que se ejecuta sobre la plataforma web. Es decir, el usuario maneja dicho programa desde el explorador, que por medio de la red de internet (o intranet) se comunica con el servidor para el procesamiento del requerimiento (tarea o función). Disertante:
- 5. Evolución de aplicaciones Móviles App Interface Rica – JS Driven Múltiples Web Aplicaciones PC - Browser Solicita Requerimientos Pagina Server App App Internet Negocio Renderiza HTML, CSS, Core Componets Contenido Imágenes Nuevos tipos de Partner aplicaciones: Server B2B Content Json, SOAP, XMLs • Web • Móviles • Servicios Web Disertante: • APIs
- 6. Nuevos tipos deaplicaciones PC - Browser Características Arquitectura Sin limitaciones. Mayor calidad gráfica, mas ancho de banda. Múltiples Aplicaciones Recursos Limitados (3G, hard..) Móviles App Interface Rica App Web Javascript - Ajax driven Server App Utilización de HTML5 – CSS3 Responsive design Negocio App Backend – Rest calls – Busines layer Core Componets Web Services B2B En su mayoría Backend Development. - RPC, Rest Calls (json, xml), Soap B2C Mecanismo de Autentificación. APIs Interface para el desarrollador: Librerías que permiten la integración de ambas aplicaciones. Funciona en combinación de web Disertante: services.
- 7. Tendencias. Más complejidad. • Internacionalización • Soporte múltiples • Regionalización dispositivos • • Diferentes formatos y Arquitectura Geo localización • Distribución tamaños de display. • Diferentes capacidades. Global Portables Integración Experiencia estratégica del usuario • Interfaces ricas, • B2B o B2C animadas, • Alianzas Estratégicas. Interactivas • Redes sociales • Más diseño de la experiencia. • APIs • Mas simplicidad. Disertante:
- 8. La importancia dela arquitectura “ Una arquitectura es el conjunto de decisiones significativas sobre la organización de la aplicación web que define los principios que guían el desarrollo, los componentes principales del sistema, sus responsabilidades y la forma en que se interrelacionan. Disertante: “
- 9. ¿ Quién, Cuándo,y Cómo se gestionan estas complejidades arquitecturales? CUANDO = YA !! • Análisis requerimientos funcionales, operativos, etc. • Priorización, proyección features y capacidades del sistema. QUIEN = Arquitecto COMO = Framework • Si el framework es maduro, muchas de estas cuestiones ya vienen incorporadas y probadas. • Queda por investigar los requerimientos Cuál es nuestro alcance tecnologicos nuevos y ponderar el riesgo. en términos técnicos? Disertante:
- 10. ¿Qué es unframework? • Librerías, componentes y herramientas • Provee dirección y límites. • Proveer una arquitectura madura, experiencias y conocimiento. ¿ Para qué? • Para la construcción de aplicaciones complejas • De manera rápida, escalable y mantenible. • Con calidad, testeables, robustas. Disertante:
- 11. Features de unframework web Arquitecturalmente: • Ajax Integration • Application controller, Filter • Tasks • Enrutamiento • Generate-admin • MVC • Unit-testing • ORM Consideraciones: Componentes: 1. Licenciamiento • App.Setting 2. Escalable • Forms 3. Soportado (duración?) • Web-services 4. Seguro • Mailing 5. Estable • I18n y l10n 6. Documentado Disertante:
- 12. Web Design Patterns (Patrones/Framework) Web Design Patterns & Best practices. Patrones Arquitecturales y Frameworks Disertante:
- 13. Patterns ¿Qué es unPatrón? Un patrón es una solución general reutilizable para un problema que se repite una y otra vez dentro de un contexto dado. - No es absoluto (sino conceptual) - Es un conjunto de buenas prácticas. Estructura de un Patrón • Nombre. Es crucial, debe ser realmente descriptivo. • Propósito. • Esbozo del patrón. Generalmente, no siempre, un diagrama UML. Tipos Arquitecturales Computacionales • estructura – organización • Resuelven problemas • performance de la aplicación algorítmicos • escalabilidad • alta disponibilidad, etc. Disertante:
- 14. Patterns Patrones Arquitecturales Los patronesarquitecturales son bien definidos en 3 grandes capas dentro de la arquitectura de software: - Presentation layer: Domain Logic Pattern - Presentación de información - Gestión de interacciones. Data source Patterns - Captura y validación entradas. Web Presentation Patterns - Domain layer: Distribution Patterns - Gestión de negocio, reglas, transacciones Session State Patterns - Data source layer: Concurrency Patterns - Gestión de la información, persistencia y Base Patterns recuperación de los datos. - base de datos - messaging, - services, etc. Disertante:
- 15. Patterns Patrones de Arquitectura máspopulares - Presentation Patterns: - Front Controller - MVC (Model-View-Controller) - Template View - Multi-step View - Data Source Patterns: - Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) - Object-Document Mapping (ODM) - Domain Logic Patterns: - Transaction script - Table Module - Domain Model Disertante:
- 16. Presentation Patterns Application Controller http://www.myblog.com/ • index.php?accion=contacto • index.php?accion=post-recientes • Index.php?accion=comentar-post URL Apache request Server Browser App. Controller result index.php intancia .htaccess Usuario contacto.php Propósito: post-reciente.php - Única puerta de entrada - Gestión de requests. comentar.php - Enrutamiento de acción. - física del código de la URL. Variantes: Disertante: - Front-controller, Page-Controller
- 17. Presentation Patterns Ejemplo PHP Consideraciones: - Utilización de .htaccess para forzar la redirección al index.php - Los archivos .php por si mismos no deberian ejecutar ninguna lógica. Disertante:
- 18. Presentation Patterns Model-View-Controller Propósito: - Organiza la aplicación en tres capas físicas-lógicas. - La primera gestionará los requerimientos (controlador) - Una capa de negocio (modelo) - Y la ultima de presentación (vista) Browser REQUEST RESPONSE http – cli, et Html, rss, xml Json, etc Controller A demanda Datos Model View Disertante:
- 19. Presentation Patterns Model-View-Controller Browser AC Controller Model View request Invoca acción GET - POST Invoca método Prepara datos Renderiza(datos) HTML Disertante:
- 20. Presentation Patterns Model View Controller Apache request Server Browser App. Controller result request response Usuario Controller View Model • Controller = App. Controller + Actions • Model = Clases de negocio + Persistencia • View = Presentación Disertante:
- 21. Presentation Patterns Model View Controller Consiste de 3 niveles: - El Modelo representa la información con la cuál la aplicación opera, es decir, su lógica de negocio. - La Vista se encarga de presentar la información del Modelo dentro de una página web para la interacción con el usuario. - El Controlador responde a las acciones del usuario y lleva a cabo los cambios en el Modelo o en la Vista según sea necesario. El patrón MVC separa la lógica de negocio (model) y la presentación (view), dándonos una gran mantenabilidad de la aplicación. Por ejemplo, si una aplicación necesita presentar la data en diferentes vistas (standard browsers, mobile, consola), solo se necesita una nueva vista manteniendo el controlador y el modelo. El controlador ayuda a ocultar el protocolo usado (HTTP, Consola, Emailing, etc) del modelo y de la vista; y el Modelo abstrae la lógicaDisertante: de negocio.
- 22. Presentation URL Routing Patterns Mapear un requerimiento (URL) con una acción. (Caso de Uso) Apache request Server Browser App. Controller result Routing response Usuario request Action View Controller Propósito: - Lograr URL amigables - Independizar la ubicación Model física del código de la URL. - Flexibilidad – mantenabilidad de rutas. Disertante:
- 23. Frameworks Antes Pensemos en estaurl: http://www.myblog.com/publico/abms/post.php?id=123456 Desventajas: - Revelamos parte de la arquitectura de la aplicación. - No es amigablemente legible. - Si una url debe de ser cambiada (porque el nombre del script cambió), cada link que apunta a dicha url debe de ser modificado. Disertante:
- 24. Frameworks Después URL amigable: http://www.myblog.com/post/symfony-framework Beneficios: - Lasurls son más amigables y fácil de recordar. - Podemos cambiar el formato de la url independientemente. - Si cambiamos el nombre de un script, podemos mantener la misma url. Disertante:
- 25. Presentation Multi-step View Patterns - Propone organizar la vista - Separa el contenido resultante de una acción especifica del contenido estático Contenido Estático Contenido-Vista Final header Contenido Dinámico header template template footer Resulta de la acción footer especifica layout layout template template Template + View Logic + Layout = Presentación Disertante:
- 26. Presentation Multi-Step View Patterns Integración con MVC. Apache request Server Browser App. Controller result response Routing Usuario request Layout Action Template Controller Propósito: - Separación - Mantenabilidad – orden. Model - Reutilización. Disertante:
- 27. Domain Patterns Transaction Script Propósito: - Negocio se piensa en términos de transacciones - Colección de scripts - Cada script se corresponde con la petición del usuario URL Apache subscripcion.php <> Transaction script request Server Browser << Transaction script result post-reciente.php comentar.php >> Transaction script Usuario Disertante:
- 28. Domain Patterns Domain Model Propósito: - Negocio se piensa en términos de entidades de negocio y sus relaciones - Cada entidad maneja su propia lógica de negocio. - Orientación a objetos. Usuario 1 Post 1 * 1 * * Comment Disertante:
- 29. Domain Domain Model Patterns Disertante:
- 30. Presentation Object Relat. Mapping Patterns Capa de abstracción. Permite mapear las clases de dominio con la base de datos relacional. Apache request Server Browser App. Controller result response Routing Usuario request Layout Action Template Controller Propósito: - Simplicidad, escritura código en Domain Model términos de negocio. - Independencia de plataforma Mapping Persistencia MySql, Oracle, etc Implementaciones: - Java: Hibernate Ebean Disertante: - PHP: Doctrine, Propel , PdoMap
- 31. Presentation ORM - Doctrine Patterns Conexión Mapeo Utilización Disertante:
- 32. Data Source Patterns ORM El patrón Object-Relational Mapping nos permite acceder a base de datos relacionales en una manera orientada a objetos, proveyendo una interfaz que nos permite traducir lógica de los objetos en lógica relacional y viceversa. Un ORM nos facilita un conjunto de objetos que nos dan acceso a la data almacenada en una base de datos, manteniendo las reglas del negocio en ellos. Uno de los mayores beneficios al utilizar un ORM es la capa de abstracción de datos, la cual previene utilizar una sintáxis específica a un motor de base de datos dado. Automáticamente, traduce las acciones realizadas por objetos a la query optimizada para la base de datos. La capa de abstracción encapsula la lógica de la data. El resto de la aplicación no necesita saber de las consultas SQL que se llevan a cabo. Disertante:
- 33. Presentation Filter Patterns Ejecución de múltiples tareas, previo y post la ejecución de la acción. Apache request Server Browser App. Controller result Filtros response Usuario Routing request Layout Propósito: Action Template - Forzar la ejecución y orden de Controller tareas comunes a cada request. - Extensión del funcionalidad común. Model Implementaciones: - Chain or responsibility - Security, Routing, Loging, Disertante: Caching, Rendering
- 34. Frameworks Filtros Los filtros implementanel patrón de diseño Chain of Responsability, el cual App. Controller le permite a un objeto enviar una Filtros petición sin conocer el objeto que lo Security Logging recibirá y manejará. La petición es enviada desde un objeto a otro, Catching Custom formando ambos partes de la cadena, en la cuál cada objeto de esta cadena Routing response puede manejar la petición, enviarla a Layout request otro objeto o hacer ambas. Action Template Controller Model Disertante:
- 35. Comercial Y técnico Factores comerciales y técnicos Ventajas competitivas Disertante:
- 36. Ventajas comerciales Puntos deventa Gestión y producción • Mantenible y escalable • Paradigma de convención • Independencia del equipo de • Escalar un equipo desarrollo. • Minimiza la curva de • Codificación bajo estándares y aprendizaje. mejores practicas de la • Setup del entorno. industria. • Productividad • Soporte • Scarfolding – Generación de código • Menos errores • Menos costos • Calidad Disertante:
- 37. Bibliografía Y referencias Bibliografía y referencias. Disertante:
- 38. Bibliografía Libros: URL Referencia: • Patterns of Enterprise Application • http://martinfowler.com/eaaCatalog/ Architecture. Martin Fowler. • http://www.symfony-project.org ISBN 0-321-12742-0. • http://www.phpframeworks.com/ • Pattern-Oriented Software Architecture. Wiley, 2000. Disertante:
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- 41. Conclusion? Which will beyour primary focus? Disertante: © your company name. Title of your presentation
Notas del editor
- #3 Going into detailEach key point is anchored with a question. I find posing a question to the audience relative to each key point engages them to proactively think and apply the ideas to their own situation vs. just listen to what I have to say. Slide Notes:Place the title of the first key point where it says “People” and also in the box in the upper right.This may seem redundant, but the repetition is important. The “subline” in the upper right hand box is for a one or two word anchor to the first key point.In my case, the subline for “People” is “Happiness” – it’s the people you surround yourself with in business who impact your happiness.I’ll then carry the “box” in the upper right hand corner, color-coded to that section, to additional content slides in that section.
- #4 Going into detailEach key point is anchored with a question. I find posing a question to the audience relative to each key point engages them to proactively think and apply the ideas to their own situation vs. just listen to what I have to say. Slide Notes:Place the title of the first key point where it says “People” and also in the box in the upper right.This may seem redundant, but the repetition is important. The “subline” in the upper right hand box is for a one or two word anchor to the first key point.In my case, the subline for “People” is “Happiness” – it’s the people you surround yourself with in business who impact your happiness.I’ll then carry the “box” in the upper right hand corner, color-coded to that section, to additional content slides in that section.
- #13 Curva de aprendizaje. El esfuerzo inicial
- #20 Es un únicopunto de entrada a la aplicaciónquemanejatoda la gestión depeticionesque se le hacen a la aplicación (Requests, Routing,Internacionalización, etc).
- #24 Short MoviesIn addition to photos, I use several short movie clips in my presentations to demonstrate various skills (showing a team leading a daily huddle) or highlight mini-case studies of growth firms applying our tools and techniques.These videos add credibility to my presentation, letting the audience hear from executives like themselves and how they’ve applied and benefited from using our tools and techniques. Slide Note:The image on this slide is a picture. Delete the picture for a media placeholder into which you can insert your own movie.
- #25 Short MoviesIn addition to photos, I use several short movie clips in my presentations to demonstrate various skills (showing a team leading a daily huddle) or highlight mini-case studies of growth firms applying our tools and techniques.These videos add credibility to my presentation, letting the audience hear from executives like themselves and how they’ve applied and benefited from using our tools and techniques. Slide Note:The image on this slide is a picture. Delete the picture for a media placeholder into which you can insert your own movie.
- #26 Short MoviesIn addition to photos, I use several short movie clips in my presentations to demonstrate various skills (showing a team leading a daily huddle) or highlight mini-case studies of growth firms applying our tools and techniques.These videos add credibility to my presentation, letting the audience hear from executives like themselves and how they’ve applied and benefited from using our tools and techniques. Slide Note:The image on this slide is a picture. Delete the picture for a media placeholder into which you can insert your own movie.
- #27 Antes
- #28 Despues
- #29 Short MoviesIn addition to photos, I use several short movie clips in my presentations to demonstrate various skills (showing a team leading a daily huddle) or highlight mini-case studies of growth firms applying our tools and techniques.These videos add credibility to my presentation, letting the audience hear from executives like themselves and how they’ve applied and benefited from using our tools and techniques. Slide Note:The image on this slide is a picture. Delete the picture for a media placeholder into which you can insert your own movie.
- #30 Short MoviesIn addition to photos, I use several short movie clips in my presentations to demonstrate various skills (showing a team leading a daily huddle) or highlight mini-case studies of growth firms applying our tools and techniques.These videos add credibility to my presentation, letting the audience hear from executives like themselves and how they’ve applied and benefited from using our tools and techniques. Slide Note:The image on this slide is a picture. Delete the picture for a media placeholder into which you can insert your own movie.
- #31 Short MoviesIn addition to photos, I use several short movie clips in my presentations to demonstrate various skills (showing a team leading a daily huddle) or highlight mini-case studies of growth firms applying our tools and techniques.These videos add credibility to my presentation, letting the audience hear from executives like themselves and how they’ve applied and benefited from using our tools and techniques. Slide Note:The image on this slide is a picture. Delete the picture for a media placeholder into which you can insert your own movie.
- #32 Short MoviesIn addition to photos, I use several short movie clips in my presentations to demonstrate various skills (showing a team leading a daily huddle) or highlight mini-case studies of growth firms applying our tools and techniques.These videos add credibility to my presentation, letting the audience hear from executives like themselves and how they’ve applied and benefited from using our tools and techniques. Slide Note:The image on this slide is a picture. Delete the picture for a media placeholder into which you can insert your own movie.
- #33 Short MoviesIn addition to photos, I use several short movie clips in my presentations to demonstrate various skills (showing a team leading a daily huddle) or highlight mini-case studies of growth firms applying our tools and techniques.These videos add credibility to my presentation, letting the audience hear from executives like themselves and how they’ve applied and benefited from using our tools and techniques. Slide Note:The image on this slide is a picture. Delete the picture for a media placeholder into which you can insert your own movie.
- #34 Short MoviesIn addition to photos, I use several short movie clips in my presentations to demonstrate various skills (showing a team leading a daily huddle) or highlight mini-case studies of growth firms applying our tools and techniques.These videos add credibility to my presentation, letting the audience hear from executives like themselves and how they’ve applied and benefited from using our tools and techniques. Slide Note:The image on this slide is a picture. Delete the picture for a media placeholder into which you can insert your own movie.
- #35 Short MoviesIn addition to photos, I use several short movie clips in my presentations to demonstrate various skills (showing a team leading a daily huddle) or highlight mini-case studies of growth firms applying our tools and techniques.These videos add credibility to my presentation, letting the audience hear from executives like themselves and how they’ve applied and benefited from using our tools and techniques. Slide Note:The image on this slide is a picture. Delete the picture for a media placeholder into which you can insert your own movie.
- #36 Short MoviesIn addition to photos, I use several short movie clips in my presentations to demonstrate various skills (showing a team leading a daily huddle) or highlight mini-case studies of growth firms applying our tools and techniques.These videos add credibility to my presentation, letting the audience hear from executives like themselves and how they’ve applied and benefited from using our tools and techniques. Slide Note:The image on this slide is a picture. Delete the picture for a media placeholder into which you can insert your own movie.
- #37 Short MoviesIn addition to photos, I use several short movie clips in my presentations to demonstrate various skills (showing a team leading a daily huddle) or highlight mini-case studies of growth firms applying our tools and techniques.These videos add credibility to my presentation, letting the audience hear from executives like themselves and how they’ve applied and benefited from using our tools and techniques. Slide Note:The image on this slide is a picture. Delete the picture for a media placeholder into which you can insert your own movie.
- #39 Short MoviesIn addition to photos, I use several short movie clips in my presentations to demonstrate various skills (showing a team leading a daily huddle) or highlight mini-case studies of growth firms applying our tools and techniques.These videos add credibility to my presentation, letting the audience hear from executives like themselves and how they’ve applied and benefited from using our tools and techniques. Slide Note:The image on this slide is a picture. Delete the picture for a media placeholder into which you can insert your own movie.
- #41 Short MoviesIn addition to photos, I use several short movie clips in my presentations to demonstrate various skills (showing a team leading a daily huddle) or highlight mini-case studies of growth firms applying our tools and techniques.These videos add credibility to my presentation, letting the audience hear from executives like themselves and how they’ve applied and benefited from using our tools and techniques. Slide Note:The image on this slide is a picture. Delete the picture for a media placeholder into which you can insert your own movie.
- #47 Creamos modulo contactenos y post Agregamos la rutaAgregamos el links de navegacion del sitio.
- #49 “Tell them what you’re going to tell them” Once I paint them a picture of the success they’ll achieve, using the opening story and slide, I next outline no more than 3 to 5 key “how to’s” for achieving this success, color-coded to each upcoming section of the presentation. For growing companies I have them focus on four key decisions they must get right: People, Strategy, Execution, and Cash.These four words are placed one per color-coded box. And I’ll share a growth company example for each key point.
- #50 “Tell them what you’re going to tell them” Once I paint them a picture of the success they’ll achieve, using the opening story and slide, I next outline no more than 3 to 5 key “how to’s” for achieving this success, color-coded to each upcoming section of the presentation. For growing companies I have them focus on four key decisions they must get right: People, Strategy, Execution, and Cash.These four words are placed one per color-coded box. And I’ll share a growth company example for each key point.
- #51 Image slidesTry to emphasize your concepts with pictures. And I tend to use real pictures – pictures of the companies and executives that are the subjects of my stories.Or I’ll choose a picture that elicits an emotional response to a key point I’m making. It’s important to touch a listener’s heart and head. Slide Notes:Note the left bar color aligns with the section color – visual clue that I’m still in Section 1.To set a picture as a slide background, as on this slide, hold down CONTROL, click the slide and then click Format Background.
- #52 Short MoviesIn addition to photos, I use several short movie clips in my presentations to demonstrate various skills (showing a team leading a daily huddle) or highlight mini-case studies of growth firms applying our tools and techniques.These videos add credibility to my presentation, letting the audience hear from executives like themselves and how they’ve applied and benefited from using our tools and techniques. Slide Note:The image on this slide is a picture. Delete the picture for a media placeholder into which you can insert your own movie.
- #53 Key PointsFor certain key points, I’ll simply place a few words on a slide without any other visuals, especially when I can’t find an appropriate picture and I want the words to linger in the minds of my audience.Again, I’ll always tell a story that brings the key point alive for the audience while I keep the words on the screen, effectively “burning“ an image in their mind.
- #54 Actionable endingI always want to leave the audience with an assignment – some action they need to take.In this case, I’ll ask which of the four decisions do they feel their company needs to focus on the most?Then I’ll give them a few minutes to note their answer and to outline three actions they’ll take when they get back to the office. Slide Notes: If I use photos, I often change the contrast and brightness so that the words stand out. To adjust brightness and contrast for a picture that you set as a slide background, hold down CONTROL, click the slide and then click Format Background. Find brightness and contrast settings on the Adjust Picture tab of that dialog box..To adjust brightness and contrast for a picture on a slide, select the picture and then click the Format Picture tab. Under Adjust, click Corrections to access brightness and contrast options.