Torno mecanico horizontal
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El documento describe las partes y procesos de un torno mecánico horizontal. Explica que el torno es una máquina herramienta que permite dar forma circular a piezas mediante el movimiento de rotación de la pieza y el movimiento de corte de la herramienta. Además, detalla los accesorios como plato y bridas que se usan para sujetar la pieza, y los procesos de colado del acero como el tratamiento al vacío y la solidificación del caldo metálico fundido.
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2) The working principle of jig boring, which involves moving either the rotating tool or stationary workpiece to bore holes into the workpiece.
3) The typical construction of jig boring machines, including features like the table, saddle, column, and spindle head that provide movement capabilities.
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- Jigs are used to guide cutting tools and locate components for machining. Fixtures are fixed to machine tables and locate work for cutting.
- Common jig components include locating pins, bushings, and clamps to securely hold workpieces. Fixtures also use bases, clamps, and set blocks.
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Jig and fixtures should be designed with the following principles in mind:
1) They must be rigid to ensure machining accuracy.
2) Clearances are needed to accommodate variations in workpiece size and allow for hand movements during placement and removal.
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A shaper machine produces flat surfaces on workpieces by moving a cutting tool in a straight line using a ram. The ram moves the tool forward for the cutting stroke and backward for the return stroke with no cutting during the return stroke. A shaper can produce horizontal, vertical, or inclined surfaces, as well as grooves, slots, and steps. The main components of a shaper are the base, column, table, cross rail, ram, and tool head. Shapers are classified based on their ram driving mechanism or orientation and include crank, geared, hydraulic, horizontal, and vertical shapers.
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Automatically controlling a machine tool based on a set of pre-programmed machining and movement instructions is known as numerical control, or NC.In a typical NC system the motion and machining instructions and the related numerical data, together called a part program, used to be written on a punched tape. The part program is arranged in the form of blocks of information, each related to a particular operation in a sequence
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El documento describe el proceso de obtención del hierro y el acero. Primero se produce el arrabio (hierro de primera fundición) en un alto horno donde se calienta una mezcla de mineral de hierro, coque y piedra caliza a altas temperaturas. Luego, el arrabio se somete a procesos de afino para eliminar impurezas y producir acero, usando métodos como hornos de convertidor, de oxígeno, eléctricos o de horno básico de oxígeno. Finalmente, el acero se utiliza para
trabajo metal en frio
El documento describe varios procesos de trabajo en frío del metal. Estos incluyen el estirado, la compresión, el doblado, el embutido y el granallado. El estirado involucra pasar el metal a través de matrices para hacerlo más delgado y recto, la compresión lo hace más grueso, y el doblado y embutido lo conforman en formas curvas o huecas. El granallado usa partículas abrasivas para limpiar y preparar superficies metálicas.
Structura y direccion
El documento describe el proceso de fabricación de tubos de acero sin costura utilizados en la construcción de cuadros de bicicleta. Explica las etapas de corte de barras de acero, calentamiento, perforado, laminado, doblado y acabado superficial mediante pintura electrostática. También compara los sistemas estructurales y procesos de fabricación de los cuadros Hércules y Onyx.
El torno
Este documento describe las partes y operaciones básicas de una máquina de torno. Explica que un torno es una máquina que se usa para dar forma geométrica de revolución a piezas mediante el arranque de material en virutas. Luego detalla las partes clave de un torno como la bancada, cabezal fijo, contrapunto y carro portátil. Finalmente resume los diferentes tipos de tornos como paralelo, vertical, revólver y de control numérico.
Normalizacion power point
El documento habla sobre términos empleados en talleres de metalmecánica y la normalización. Define la normalización como establecer soluciones a problemas repetitivos para lograr economía, utilidad y calidad. Explica que la normalización reduce costos al simplificar diseños y reducir el número de tipos de productos. También describe las normas DIN alemanas y la organización internacional para la normalización ISO.
Normalizacion power point
El documento habla sobre términos empleados en talleres de metalmecánica y la normalización. Define la normalización como establecer soluciones a problemas repetitivos para lograr economía, utilidad y calidad. Explica que la normalización reduce costos al simplificar diseños y reducir variedad de productos. También describe las normas DIN alemanas y la organización internacional para la normalización ISO.
Normalizacion power point
El documento habla sobre términos empleados en talleres de metalmecánica y la normalización. Define la normalización como establecer soluciones a problemas repetitivos para lograr economía, utilidad y calidad. Explica que la normalización reduce costos al simplificar diseños y reducir el número de tipos de productos. También describe las normas DIN alemanas y la organización internacional para la normalización ISO.
introduccion mecanica
El documento describe brevemente la historia de la soldadura desde la Edad de Bronce hasta el desarrollo del arco eléctrico en el siglo XIX. Luego resume los principales procesos de soldadura como la soldadura por arco, soldadura a gas, y soldadura por resistencia. También presenta información básica sobre tornos y fresadoras, incluida su estructura y tipos principales.
Colada continua
Este documento describe los diferentes métodos de colada del acero, incluyendo lingoteras, colada continua y los tipos de productos que se obtienen de cada método. La colada continua es actualmente el método más utilizado, produciendo palanquillas, tochos o planchones. La colada continua ofrece ventajas como mayor rendimiento y calidad en comparación con métodos convencionales.
materiales-ferrosos
Este documento describe los procesos históricos y modernos para producir hierro y acero. Explica que los primeros artesanos producían hierro forjado calentando mineral de hierro y carbón en hornos, y que después del siglo XIV se usaron hornos más grandes para producir arrabio. Actualmente, el proceso principal usa altos hornos para reducir el mineral de hierro a arrabio, el cual se refina para producir acero. También describe cómo se usa chatarra y hornos eléctricos para producir acero de manera
2 El Acero.pdf
El documento describe los procesos de producción del acero, incluyendo la extracción del mineral de hierro, la peletización, la reducción en altos hornos, la fabricación del acero, la laminación, y los procesos de acabado. Explica que el acero es una aleación de hierro con un 0.04-2.25% de carbono, y que puede contener otros elementos como níquel, cromo o manganeso.
2 El Acero.pdf
El documento describe los procesos de producción del acero, incluyendo la extracción del mineral de hierro, la peletización, la reducción en altos hornos, la fabricación del acero, la laminación, y los procesos de acabado. Explica que el acero es una aleación de hierro con un 0.04-2.25% de carbono, y que puede contener otros elementos como níquel, cromo o manganeso.
Los metales (ferrosos y no ferrosos)
El documento describe los diferentes tipos de metales, incluyendo metales ferrosos como el hierro y acero, y no ferrosos como el cobre, titanio y berilio. Explica los procesos de obtención de estos metales a partir de sus minerales, así como sus propiedades y aplicaciones principales. Los metales ferrosos se clasifican en aceros aleados y no aleados, mientras que los no ferrosos se dividen en pesados, ligeros y ultraligeros.
Procesos de manufactura
Este documento describe varios procesos de manufactura comunes para la producción de bajo volumen y alto volumen. Entre los procesos de bajo volumen se encuentran el torneado, fresado, perforación y esmerilado, los cuales usan maquinaria versátil para remover material de una pieza de trabajo. Los procesos de alto volumen incluyen fundición, extrusión, embutido y estirado, los cuales deforman el material cuando está caliente o líquido para una producción más rápida.
Normalizacion power point
Este documento presenta términos comúnmente utilizados en un taller de metalmecánica y define la normalización. Incluye una lista de más de 50 términos relacionados con procesos de fabricación como soldar, taladrar, fresar y forjar. También explica que la normalización busca estandarizar productos para reducir costos a través de la simplificación y permitir la intercambiabilidad para mejorar la calidad y utilidad. Sus objetivos principales son la economía, utilidad y calidad.
DIGITACION
El documento habla sobre la normalización y los términos empleados en un taller de metalmecánica. Define la normalización como establecer reglas para solucionar problemas repetitivos de forma lógica y ordenada. Sus objetivos son la economía a través de la simplificación, la utilidad al permitir la intercambiabilidad y la calidad al garantizar las características de un producto. También lista numerosos términos relacionados con procesos de fabricación en un taller como torneado, fresado, soldadura y otros.
DIGITACION 1 PERIODO
El documento presenta una lista de términos empleados en talleres de metalmecánica y define el proceso de normalización. Explica que la normalización tiene como objetivos reducir costos, mejorar la utilidad e intercambiabilidad de piezas, y garantizar su calidad. También describe los orígenes y evolución de las principales organizaciones internacionales de normalización como ISO, DIN, AENOR e ICONTEC en Colombia.
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Torno mecanico horizontal
- 1. TORNO MECANICO HORIZONTAL (y sus partes ) De: Hisferh B. Soncco Ortiz
- 2. De: Hisferh B. Soncco Ortiz TORNO MECANICO HORIZONTAL (PUNTA Y CONTRA PUNTA ) Video Resumen del torno horizontal Ventajas y desventajas del torno PLATO Y BRIDAS DE ARRASTRE SUJECCION ENTRE PUNTOS COLADOS DE ACERO Tratamiento al vacio Acero colado sin calmar Acero colado calmado Procedimiento de la colada 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1
- 3. De: Hisferh B. Soncco Ortiz 1
- 4. De: Hisferh B. Soncco Ortiz el torno es una maquina herramienta en la cal la pieza de se va a mecanizar tiene un movimiento de rotación alrededor del eje, así pues el torno verifica el movimiento de corte y la pieza el avance. todos los tornos desprenden viruta de las piezas que giran sobre su eje de rotación, porque lo que su trabajo se distinguirá por lo que la superficie generada será circular, teniendo como centro su eje de rotación, en el torno de manera regular se pueden realizar trabajos de desbastado o acabados de las siguientes superficies •Cilíndricas interiores, exteriores. •Cónicas interiores, exteriores. •Curvas o semiesféricas. •Irregulares pero de acuerdo a un centro de rotación. 2
- 5. De: Hisferh B. Soncco Ortiz todos los tornos comparten las siguientes ventajas errores de los operarios. PePermiten obtener mayor precisión en el mecanizado rmiten mecanizar piezas mas complejas Se puede cambiar fácilmente de mecanizar una pieza a otra Se reducen los errores de los operarios Cada vez son mas baratos los torno cnc desventajas del torno Coste elevado de herramientas y accesorios Conveniencia de tener una gran ocupación para la maquina debido a su alto costo. 3
- 6. De: Hisferh B. Soncco Ortiz Son accesorios del torno que sirven para transmitir el movimiento de rotación del husillo alas Piezas a ser torneadas enre puntas : estas son estas se fijan en la pieza para ser torneadas . Plato con ranura Plato con pivote Plato de seguridad Brida con dos tornillos Brida conjugada 4
- 7. De: Hisferh B. Soncco Ortiz La sujeción de la pieza entre puntas se debe realizar con mucho tacto la punta fija del cabezal Movil se calentara con facilidad si la sujeción es demasiado floja , la pieza debe poderse girar a mano . La acción de la puntas de centrado se limita a conseguir una guía centrada de la pieza esto se realiza mediante el plato y la brida de arrastre . 5
- 8. De: Hisferh B. Soncco Ortiz Es le proceso que se realiza a partir del material fundido de los hornos que se pasa a una cuchara y de esta a moldes llamados lingotea tenemos 4 procesos de colado de acero Tratamiento al vacio Acero colado sin calmar Acero colado calmado procedimiento de colada 6
- 9. De: Hisferh B. Soncco Ortiz mediante diversos procedimientos de colda debe conseguirse una buena des-gasificación Del acero liquido .el tratamiento al vacio se emplea para obtener aceros pobres en gases , de esta forma se desprende los gases disueltos en el caldo , el cual , se encuentran en un recipiente al que se a hecho el vacio. En el procedimiento de circulación al vacio, el acero liquido se eleva desde la cuchara hasta un recipiente vacio , por un tubo aspirador después de la desgasificación el acero influye en sentido opuesto por otro tubo. 8
- 10. De: Hisferh B. Soncco Ortiz Al solidificarse el caldo , el acero con el carbono y el oxigeno desprenden gases de oxido de carbono (c+FeoO=Fe+CO) la burbuja de gas ascendente originan un fuerte movimiento Del acero que aun se encuentran en estado liquido , con lo que el C,Fe y el Si son comprimidos Hacia el interios todavía liquidop del bloque . 9
- 11. Mediante la adicion de Al , Si o Mn al colar el acero , el oxigeno se une a esos metales . Se toman oxidos metálicos que no pueden ser reducios por el C(2FeO+Si=Fe+SiO2)el acero de calidad se cuela siempre calmado después pues en caso contrario el O oxida a los componentes de la aleación . De: Hisferh B. Soncco Ortiz 10
- 12. Una gran parte del acero producido se cuela en bloques o en forma continua .la elaboración posterior se hace en forja , laminación o extrusión. De: Hisferh B. Soncco Ortiz 11