Presentation at the Cassava Value Chains Workshop CIAT, Cali, Colombia. 24-26 August 2016 Speaker: Liang GuoTao

1. FOLLOW UP
THE INCRESSING OF CASSAVA SUPPLY
IN CHINA
The enabling environment of cassava processing technology
Aug 25 ,2016 , Cali, Columbia
Liang Guo Tao

2. INCREASING OF CASSAVA CONSUMPTION

3. CASSAVA STATUS IN CHINA
• History: origin from Latin America, only 60 years spreading planting in South China
• Plantation
-- Region: Guangxi, Guangdong, Yunnan, Hainan province
• Position in Chinese Agriculture
No. 6 th crops in China
One important crop as Non-food green resource encouraged by Chinese government
China is the main cassava products buyer in the world:
2015 imported: 9.25 million tons cassava chips, 1.8 million tons cassava starch
(=30 million tons fresh roots)
The actual market volume in China until 2020:
20 Million MT cassava chips (For feed & fuel)
3.5 million MT cassava starch / flour (for industry & food )
(=64 million tons fresh roots)

4. 481.07
507.15
527.38
428.57
511.91
416.67 415.24 412.28 404.76
392.5
344.6
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
X1000Ha.
2005~2015 Cassava Plantation Areas
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
China

5. 10333.9
11250
12017.9
8089.3
9767.9 9835
9285.7
9996.5 9821.4
8936.3
7925.8
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000X1000MT
2005~2015 CASSAVA PRODUCTION YIELD
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
China

6. 350
900
680
470
490
370
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Thousandtons
2011~2015 Cassava starch production
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
China

7. 1906
1820
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
Thousandtons
2005~2015 Cassava starch importation
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
China

8. Unit :MT Price :US$/T
2015-02
2015-03
2015-05
2015-04
2015-06
2015-07
2015-08
2015-09
2015-11
2015-10
2015-12
2016-01
2016-02
2016-03
2016-04
2016-05
2016-06
Average priceImport QTY.
201502~201606 Cassava Starch Import & Price
China

9. 71%
25%
2% 1% 1%
Origin Country of imported cassava starch-2015
Thailand Vietnam Cambodia Lao Others
China

10. 6019.5
5666.1
4876
6961
7236
8565
9250
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000X1000MT
2009~2015 Cassava chips importation
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
China

11. CASSAVA AGRICULTURE
--Basic research
--Achievements
--Plantation

12. Basic research
• Cassava research department
CATAS: Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
SIBC: Shanghai Cassava Bio-Tech Center
GSCRI: Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute
• Chinese Cassava Industrialization Scientists System
One Cassava Scientists Team
3 research center
9 breeding station

13. Chinese Cassava Genomics Consortium
Cassava Genome
Sequencing
Cassava Metabolic
Pathways
Cassava Mutant
Libraries and
Functional Test
Molecular Breeding
International cassava genome sequencing
Genetic map/physical map/biodiversity
Regulatory network of major metabolic pathways
Genome expression analysis
Proteomics and metabolomics
Construction and application of T-DNA library
Construction and application of EMS-Tilling
Transgenic cassava with new germplasm
Molecular markers and MAS
C
C
G
C

14. Achievements
Variety Yield (t/ha) Remark
SC10 45 broadly adaptable
SC9 30 for food
SC8 45 fast maturating
SC7 45 with high protein in leaves
SC6 45 anti-wind
SC5 60 broadly adaptable
SC8013 40 broadly adaptable
SC8002 40 broadly adaptable
SC124 45 broadly adaptable
Improved Cassava Varieties

15. South China 5
• Selected from hybrid of ZM8625×SC8013
• Average yield 30-45 t/ha
• Starch content 30%～32%
• Maturation time 8-12 months after planting
Applied in 60% of Chinese cassava area

16. New Improvement
• Planting Area Expanding plan
-- New varieties in cold area, develop the planting area from
South provinces to Central provinces
-- New varieties fit for drought land.
• Specialized products plan
-- High yield and starch content for bio-fuel industry
-- High protein content for food industry
-- Natural modified varieties for bio-chemistry industry.

17. The Young SIBS
Team Breeded
100% Amylopectin
cassava

18. Plantation
Cassava
Processing
Company
Farmer 1
Farmer 2
Farmer 3
Farmer 5
Farmer 6
Farmer n
Farmer 4
Warranty
Credit Loan
Cassava
Bank
Government coordinated
cassava plantation mode

19. Company+ Bank+ Farmers Mode
Cassava Base in Guangxi China

20. CASSAVA INDUSTRY
DEC 2015
• Cassava Starch & modified starch
About 100 factories, 1 Million MT starch (or modified starch) per year
• Cassava Ethanol (100% cassava )
25 Factories, 1,000,000 MT ethanol per year
• Cassava sweeteners
6 Factories, 100,000 MT maltose.

21. Annual 100,000MT modified cassava starch project
Guangdong Maoming (2008)
Annual 100,000MT modified cassava starch project
Guang Xi (2006)

22. Xintiande—The First Cassava Fuel Ethanol Factory 420KLPD

23. The world biggest Cassava Ethanol Factory
COFCO Guangxi, 2X840KLPD

24. New cassava maltose plant in Gejiu Yunnan 100TPD

25. THE WORLD TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS
OF CASSAVA INDUSTRY HELPS ON BUILDING
CASSAVA SUPPLY CHAIN

26. OVERVIEW OF CASSAVA PRODUCTION VALUE CHAIN
Starch milk Commercial Starch
Cassava roots
Modified Starch
Sweeteners
Ethanol
High quality cassava flour
Commercial fresh roots for food
Commercial Dry chips
Wet Milling
Sorbitol/Mannito
/Organic acid
(Citric acid Lactic acid)

27. TYPICAL FOOD GRADE FRESH CASSAVA PRODUCTION
• Simple cleaning and fresh-keeping treatment;
• Quick frozen or Canning product;

28. CASSAVA CHIPS PRODUCTION
• Mechanized chopping, solar drying (Thailand);
• Manually peeling, slicing and solar drying (Africa);
• Manually peeling, cutting and solar drying (Vietnam, Combodia etc. );
• Mechanized slicing, natural ventilation drying (Clayuca demostration);
• Mechanized slicing and ventilation drying, thermal drying (China);

29. TRENDS OF CASSAVA DRY PROCESS
Challenges :
• Requirement of large scale drying process during post harvest season
• Lack of labour resource
• Environment, Sanitation and Quality control
• Cost increasing
The world largest cassava
chips destination port: Fang
Chenggang, Lianyungang,
Qinghuangdao etc. started
to control cassava chips
unloading.
Solution: Clean process by wet milling
1. Fresh roots cleaning Milling Dewatering
Flash drying packing (by 500~1000kg bag)
2. Fresh roots cleaning Milling Dewatering
Pelletizing Drying by bundle dryer Large bag packing or bulk storage

30. CONVENTIONAL CASSAVA WET MILLING TECHNOLOGY
Input 1000 kg/h
W: 2295 S: 250
DS: 350 Purified reclaim water
W: 650
695 W: 5360
W: 285
S: 247 S: 1
DS: 310 DS: 5
W: 750 W: 800
W: 2000 S: 2
DS: 35
S: 247 W: 80
DS: 310
W: 2750
W: 2200
S: 225 S: 22
DS: 255 DS: 55
W: 4650 W: 300
S: 225 S: 0
DS: 254 DS: 1
W: 4640 W: 10
S: 225 S: 0
DS: 253 DS: 1
W: 4630 W: 10
W: 800
W: 2800
S: 216 S: 9
DS: 220 DS: 33
W: 1030 W: 1600
W: 800
W: 1300
S: 216
DS: 220
W: 530
W: 385
S: 216
DS: 220
W: 145
S: 216
DS: 220
W: 33
S: 216
DS: 220
S: W: 33
DS:
W:
Total 253 kg/h
Washing water
Wet cassava fibre
Fine fiber
Commercial starch
Extraction/sieving
Peeling/mud/sand
Sifting
De-sanding
Revolving filter
Refining
Concentration
Dewatering
Flash drying and cooling
Fine sand
Waste water
Starch (kg/h)
Dry Solid (kg/h)
Water (kg/h)
Clean water
Weighing and packaging
W:
Typical Cassava Starch Process
Fresh Cassava
Cleaning and peeling
Milling
Input 1000 kg/h
W: 1495 S: 250
DS: 350 Purified reclaim water
W: 650
695 W: 5360
W: 285
S: 247 S: 1
DS: 310 DS: 5
W: 750 W: 800
W: 1000 S: 2
DS: 35
S: 247 W: 80
DS: 310
W: 1750
W: 1500
S: 235 S: 12
DS: 265 DS: 45
W: 2950 W: 300
S: 235 S: 0
DS: 264 DS: 1
W: 2940 W: 10
W: 800
W: 2250
S: 235 S: 15
DS: 263 DS: 38
W: 710 W: 780
W: 535
S: 235
DS: 263
W: 175
S: 235
DS: 263
W: 32
S: 235
DS: 263
S: W: 32
DS:
W:
Total 295 kg/h
Typical Cassava Flour Process
Fresh Cassava
Clean water
W:
Cleaning and peeling Washing water
Peeling/mud/sand
Milling
Extraction/sieving Wet cassava fibre
De-sanding Fine sand
Commercial starch
Water (kg/h)
Revolving filter
Refining
Waste waterConcentration
Dewatering
Flash drying and cooling
Sifting
Starch (kg/h)
Dry Solid (kg/h)
Weighing and packaging

31. Applicable technology for
Cassava wet milling-1
• Washing and cleaning ;
• Milling;
• Extraction ;
• Refining;

32. • Dewatering;
• Thermal drying;
Applicable technology for
Cassava wet milling-2

33. Referenced page-01
From Liang
The paper:
“ Comparative experiment for
Evaluation of Cassava Milling technology “
Test site : Mingyang Group,
Guangxi, China, cassava work shop.
Period: 2005. 10.25~ 2005.12 16
Description:
There are two cassava wet
milling line in Mingyang factory,
use same technology, with each
600tons fresh roots per day ,
replace one of milling group from
hammer mill to rasper, compare
work efficiency of two production
line.
Research purpose:
Customize reasonable cassava
process technology for different
project.
Item Project Line 1 Line 2
1 Specification of milling
group
04 sets of DSJC45II hammer
mill, 315kw
Mill 600 t/d cassava
01 CSJ-40 cutting machine + 02
sets of IR82/300 rasper,231kw
Mill 600~750 t/d cassava
2 Cost of equipment $50,000USD $100,000USD
3 Evaluation of
operational difficulty
Easy
Few maintenance
Relatively complicated:
1) Strictly control the quality of
fresh roots, prevent metals, stone
or hard stick/roots enter into
rasper.
2) Need to replace damaged
blade timely.
4 Milling efficiency (the
starch dissociation
ration)
In average:
90%
In average:
91.5%
5 Consumption Power: 65kwh/ton of starch Power: 45kwh/ton of starch
Main spare parts: 150~250 pcs
blades per day
Conclusion of
Contrastive analysis
Easy to keep stable running
Lower efficiency
Strictly control the quality of raw
material from procurement stage
to Washing and cleaning stage.
Need to carefully operate and
maintain so that to keep stable
running and higher efficiency.

34. THE DEVELOPMENT OF CASSAVA FOR FOOD
• Nigeria: Government supported F20 policy
• Uganda: International fund (Bill and Melinda Gates and Warren Buffett, DFID etc.)
supported Cassava food value Chain development
In Africa
In Asia
• Indonesia, China: Increasing of cassava starch for food industry: instant noodle, biscuits, bakeries.
(increased more than 1 million tons / year during past 03 years. )
• China: started learning bring cassava food to dinning table.
• Central and South American countries: Clean process on food grade cassava flour improved food
sanitation situation;
• Brazil: The largest cassava flour producer in the world, 3.5 million tons / year
New modification technology in cassava flour production increased the cassava food industry
In South America

35. Referenced page-02-1
From Mr. Antonio D. Fadel,
Casa Maní , CEO,
The paper:
“Global Trends &
Opportunities for starches in
Free – From Foods Market”
January 2016
CASSAVA FOOD IN BRAZIL

36. Casa Maní products
New Concept of Cassava Flour
Referenced page-02-2
From Mr. Antonio D. Fadel,
Casa Maní , CEO,
The paper:
“Global Trends &
Opportunities for starches in
Free – From Foods Market”
January 2016

37. 37
Building the HQCF Value Chain in Nigeria
Currently six industrial bakers and 30
Master bakers have achieved 20% cassava
bread
Recently, one company has achieved 40%
using gluten-like additives
Training and empowerment of 5,000
bakers, six per Local Government area on
production of 20% cassava flour.
Expansion of HQCF production capacity
from <200MT/day to >3,000MT of HQCF
per day; includes purchase of 18 large
HQCF plants from China (CHMC).
Social market of cassava bread for nation-
wide acceptance.
A Cassava bread development fund of
US$60M was established to support the
aforementioned activities.
Launching of a commercial 20% cassava bread by an industrial baker
Training of Master bakers across the country
Referenced page-03
From Dr. Martin Fregene
The paper:
“A Cassava Transformation in
Nigeria”

38. How AgriTT facilitate Cassava industrialization in Uganda
4. Production of value
added products
5. Commercialization
3. Demonstration of
plantation
2. Basic research
cooperation
AgriTT
Input
1. Technical exchange
and training
Referenced page -04
From Liang
The paper:
“Report of AgriTT Scope Mission Trip for
Investigating Cassava Value Chain in Uganda ”

39. CONCEPT OF REGIONAL CASSAVA VALUE CHAIN- First phase
Investment & Management Firm
10 of satellite 500~1000ha. cassava farm +20TPD flour / starch factory
100T/D glucose syrup factory
Related farms
30,000T/a HQCF
30,000T/a Glucose syrup
30,000T/a starch supply to
Glucose plant

40. Cassava food research in China

41. HI TECH IN VALUE ADDED CASSAVA PRODUCTION
• Starch modification:
Chemical / Mechanical /Biological process
• Starch Biotechnological engineering:
Starch hydrolysates and fermented products

42. Cassava and Starch Technology Research Unit
Tapioca starch
Modified starch
Household
Bakery
Noodle
Snack
Tapioca pearl
(Sago)
Pregelatinized starch
Acid thinned starch
Dextrinized starch
Oxidized starch
Crosslinked starch
Di-starch phosphate
Di-starch adipate
Starch ether
Hydroxyalkyl/Cationic starch
Starch ester
Acetylated starch
Phosphate monoester starch
Native starch
Lesson learned from Thai cassava industry Sriroth, K.
Starch hydrolysate
Maltodextrin
Sweeteners
Glucose, Dextrose
Fructose
Sorbitol/Mannitol
MSG/Lysine
Organic acid
Citric acid
Lactic acid
Alcohols
Ethanol
Referenced page -05-1
From professor Klanarong Sriroth
The paper
“Lessons learned from the
development of processing systems
and markets for Thai cassava”

43. Cassava and Starch Technology Research Unit
Modification, functionalities and uses of some commercial cassava products
Modification
Function
Application
Native starch
Lesson learned from Thai cassava industry Sriroth, K.
Referenced page -05-2
From professor Klanarong Sriroth
The paper
“Lessons learned from the
development of processing systems
and markets for Thai cassava”

44. Industrial
applications
Noodles
Sauces
Cassava and Starch Technology Research Unit
Lesson learned from Thai cassava industry Sriroth, K.
Uses of modified cassava starches in food and non-food applications
Cosmetics
Referenced page -05-3
From professor Klanarong Sriroth
The paper
“Lessons learned from the
development of processing systems
and markets for Thai cassava”

45. - Maltodextrin
- Sweeteners & derivatives
Maltose / glucose syrup
fructose syrup
sugar alcohol : sorbitol, mannitol
- MSG / Lysine
- Acid: Citric Acid, lactic acid
- Alcohols: ethanol
Starch hydrolysates and fermented products
Cassava and Starch Technology Research Unit
Lesson learned from Thai cassava industry Sriroth, K.
Referenced page -05-4
From professor Klanarong Sriroth
The paper
“Lessons learned from the
development of processing systems
and markets for Thai cassava”

46. Perspective
Ecosystem of cassava industrialization

47. Mr. Liang Guo Tao lgt_acro@126.com +86 1380 2678 641