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Grupo 4.pptx
- 1. GRUPO #4 ESCUELA SUPERIOR POLITÉCNICA DEL LITORAL EVALUACIÓN Y REHABILITACIÓN DE EDIFICACIONES ÁNGEL LUNA DANTE MURILLO ÁNGEL ROSILLO EDUARDO VALLEJO
- 2. 1. Ensayo de núcleos perforados. 2. Ensayo de potencial de corrosión. 3. Tipos de daños que se presentan en una edificación. 4. Diferencia de grietas y fisura. GRUPO #4
- 3. 1. ENSAYO DE NÚCLEOS PERFORADOS GRUPO #4
- 4. INTRODUCCIÓN • Destructivo, porque los materiales sometidos a este tipo de pruebas ven alterada su forma y presentación inicial. CUANDO USAR EL ENSAYO: • Cuando existe dudas sobre el concreto. • Brindar información sobre las condiciones y resistencias del concreto en estructuras mas antiguas.
- 5. OBJETIVO • Determinar la resistencia a compresión del concreto hidráulico de una estructura existente.
- 6. Norma técnica • ASTM C42. • Norma Mexicana NMX C-169.
- 7. USOS • Se realiza en situ para posteriormente conseguir la Resistencia en el laboratorio. • La extracción no debe realizarse en lugares donde exista acero de refuerzo, juntas y fisuras.
- 8. CONSIDERACIONES • Para concretos recientes, se debe esperar mínimo 14 días. • La humedad afecta la resistencia del hormigón. • Si la estructura no estará expuesta a la humedad, secar los núcleos al aire durante cinco días antes de la prueba. • Si va estar expuesta a la humedad los núcleos serán sumergidos durante al menos 40 horas. • Realizar el ensayo dentro de los siete días desde la extracción. • El díametro mínimo para un elemento estructural portante, es de 94mm (3.7”). • Para una relación L/D mayor o igual a 1, se puede extraer núcleos menores a 94mm.
- 9. CONSIDERACIONES • Para núcleos mayores o igual a 3.75 debe ser tres veces el tamaño del agregado. • La longitud del núcleo está entre 1.9 y 2.1 veces el diámetro. • L/D excede a 2.1, se tiene que reducir. • L/D igual o menor a 1.75 utilizar factor de corrección.
- 10. Materiales y equipos • Extractor de Núcleos. • Broca cilindrica (con corona de diamantes). • Taladro con brocas para hormigón. • Suministro de agua. • Martillo de goma.
- 11. Prcedimiento de extracción VIDEO
- 12. Post Extracción • Una vez terminado el proceso de extracción, se debe limpiar la superficie con agua y esperar durante una hora para que el agua se evapore. • Colocar los núcleos en bolsas plásticas separadas. • Cada núcleo se debe identificar con una etiqueta que contenga nombre d la estructura, localización, fecha de extracción y número. • Los núcleos deben mantenerse sellados por lo menos cinco días.
- 13. • Grout Materiales para la reparación • Epóxico Su consistencia puede ser plástica o líquida, afectando también a su resistencia, la cual puede variar entre 450 y 700 kg/cm2 . Así mismo, su tiempo de colocación no debe excederse de 30 minutos, mientras que su curado debe ser constante durante las primeras 72 horas Resinas epóxicas, está compuesto por dos partes: la primera que es la resina y la segunda parte que es un activador, que al unirse forma un material con excelentes propiedades como una resistencia a la tracción que puede superar los 350 kg/cm2
- 14. VIDEO DE EXTRACCIÓN DE NÚCLEOS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IDuH_ROKAr w
- 15. 2. ENSAYO DE POTENCIAL DE CORROSIÓN GRUPO #4
- 16. INTRODUCCIÓN • Este es un ensayo no destructivo, que estima el potencial de corrosión mediante la estimación del potencial eléctrico de media celda. • Este método se basa en la detección de cargas negativas en las barras, las mismas que al perder iones ferrosos en el proceso de corrosión, producen ánodos que son detectados mediante el voltímetro
- 17. OBJETIVO • Determinar la actividad de la corrosion del acero de refuerzo en un elemento estructural, así como su probabilidad de corrosión.
- 18. Norma técnica • ASTM C876 : Standard Test Method for Corrosion Potentials of Uncoated Reinforcing Steel in Concrete (LINK: https://www.astm.org/c0876- 15.html ) • ACI 228.2 R: Nondestructive Test Methods for Evaluation of Concrete in Structures . (LINK: http://dl.mycivil.ir/dozanani/A CI/ACI%20228.2R- 98%20R04%20Nondestructive%20 Test%20Methods%20for%20Evalua tion%20of%20Concrete%20in%20S tructures_MyCivil.ir.pdf )
- 19. Alcance • Se puede realizar sin importar el tamaño o la profundidad de recubrimiento. • Los resultados obtenidos no son una medida de estimación de las propiedades estructurales del hormigón. • Se puede utilizar este método en cualquier momento de la vida de un elemento estructural. Uso • Se usa en estructuras donde el recubrimiento del acero de refuerzo está tan dañado que el acero se encuentra a la interperie. Resultados • Mediante tablas correlacionadoras se obtiene la probabilidad de corrosion, la condición y el estado. • Los resultados se deben interpreter con cuidado por un especialista y complementar con otros ensayos como contenido de cloruro y profundidad de carbonatación
- 20. Materiales y equipo para realizar el ensayo • Potencial de media celda • Voltímetro • Esponja humedecida con solución de contacto de Resistencia baja • Cables eléctricos con aislamiento directo
- 21. Proceso para ensayo 01 02 03 04 IDENTIFICACIÓN DE ZONA AFECTADA ENSAYO DE POTENCIAL DE CORROSIÓN PROCESAR RESULTADOS REGISTRO DE LOS DATOS
- 22. Materiales y equipo para realizar el ensayo • Probabilidad de corrosión • Porcentaje de probabilidad de corrosion (criterio de Stratful) • Condición de la varilla
- 24. 3. TIPOS DE DAÑOS QUE SE PRESENTAN EN UNA EDIFICACIÓN GRUPO #4 Por DEFECTOS, Por DAÑOS o Por DETERIORO
- 25. ESTRUCTURAS POR DEFECTOS Son aquellas relacionadas: • Por efectos de un mal diseño • Una errada configuración estructural • Una construcción mal elaborada • Por materiales deficientes o inapropiados para la obra
- 26. ESTRUCTURA POR DAÑOS Son aquellas que se manifiestan durante y/o luego de la incidencia de una fuerza o agentes externo a la edificación • Sismo • Inundaciones • Derrumbes • Entre otros
- 27. ESTRUCTURAS POR DETERIORO Son aquellas que se presenta en las edificaciones producto del pasar del tiempo, por falta de mantenimiento u otros factores.
- 28. 4. DIFERENCIA ENTRE GRIETAS Y FISURAS GRUPO #4
- 29. Son abertura pequeña, superficial que puede considerarse hasta máximo 1mm.No suponen un riesgo para la estructura, su reparación es fácil. Fisuras
- 30. GRIETAS Grieta: abertura más profunda mayor a 1mm, generalmente afecta a todo el espesor del elemento (muros, pilares, vigas etc).
- 31. GRACIAS POR SU ATENCIÓN
Notas del editor
- Notes to presenter: What is your purpose for sharing this reflection? Is it at the end of a unit or project? Are you sharing this reflection, at the attainment of a learning goal you set for yourself? Is it at the end of a course? State your purpose for the reflection or even the purpose of the learning experience or learning goal. Be clear and be specific in stating your purpose.
- Notes to presenter: What is your purpose for sharing this reflection? Is it at the end of a unit or project? Are you sharing this reflection, at the attainment of a learning goal you set for yourself? Is it at the end of a course? State your purpose for the reflection or even the purpose of the learning experience or learning goal. Be clear and be specific in stating your purpose.
- Notes to presenter: Description of what you learned in your own words on one side. Include information about the topic Details about the topic will also be helpful here. Tell the story of your learning experience. Just like a story there should always be a beginning, middle and an end. On the other side, you can add a graphic that provides evidence of what you learned. Feel free to use more than one slide to reflect upon your process. It also helps to add some video of your process.
- Notes to presenter: Description of what you learned in your own words on one side. Include information about the topic Details about the topic will also be helpful here. Tell the story of your learning experience. Just like a story there should always be a beginning, middle and an end. On the other side, you can add a graphic that provides evidence of what you learned. Feel free to use more than one slide to reflect upon your process. It also helps to add some video of your process.
- Notes to presenter: Description of what you learned in your own words on one side. Include information about the topic Details about the topic will also be helpful here. Tell the story of your learning experience. Just like a story there should always be a beginning, middle and an end. On the other side, you can add a graphic that provides evidence of what you learned. Feel free to use more than one slide to reflect upon your process. It also helps to add some video of your process.
- Notes to presenter: Description of what you learned in your own words on one side. Include information about the topic Details about the topic will also be helpful here. Tell the story of your learning experience. Just like a story there should always be a beginning, middle and an end. On the other side, you can add a graphic that provides evidence of what you learned. Feel free to use more than one slide to reflect upon your process. It also helps to add some video of your process.
- Notes to presenter: What steps will you be taking as a result of this learning experience? Did you learn from any failed experiences? How will you do things differently? What advice will you give to others so they can learn from your experiences? How can you share what you learned with a real-world audience? Some examples of next steps might be: After delivering my first persuasive presentation, I am thinking about joining the debate team. After making my first film, I’m considering entering it in our school film festival or local film festival. After connecting with this career expert, I’d like to do some research on that career field because it sounds interesting to me. This SmartArt allows you add images and text to help outline your process. If a picture is worth a thousand words, then pictures and words should help you communicate this reflection on learning perfectly! You can always click on Insert>SmartArt to change this graphic or select the graphic and click on the Design contextual menu to change the colors. Feel free to use more than one slide to share your next steps. It also helps to add some video content to explain your message.
- Notes to presenter: What steps will you be taking as a result of this learning experience? Did you learn from any failed experiences? How will you do things differently? What advice will you give to others so they can learn from your experiences? How can you share what you learned with a real-world audience? Some examples of next steps might be: After delivering my first persuasive presentation, I am thinking about joining the debate team. After making my first film, I’m considering entering it in our school film festival or local film festival. After connecting with this career expert, I’d like to do some research on that career field because it sounds interesting to me. This SmartArt allows you add images and text to help outline your process. If a picture is worth a thousand words, then pictures and words should help you communicate this reflection on learning perfectly! You can always click on Insert>SmartArt to change this graphic or select the graphic and click on the Design contextual menu to change the colors. Feel free to use more than one slide to share your next steps. It also helps to add some video content to explain your message.
- Notes to presenter: What steps will you be taking as a result of this learning experience? Did you learn from any failed experiences? How will you do things differently? What advice will you give to others so they can learn from your experiences? How can you share what you learned with a real-world audience? Some examples of next steps might be: After delivering my first persuasive presentation, I am thinking about joining the debate team. After making my first film, I’m considering entering it in our school film festival or local film festival. After connecting with this career expert, I’d like to do some research on that career field because it sounds interesting to me. This SmartArt allows you add images and text to help outline your process. If a picture is worth a thousand words, then pictures and words should help you communicate this reflection on learning perfectly! You can always click on Insert>SmartArt to change this graphic or select the graphic and click on the Design contextual menu to change the colors. Feel free to use more than one slide to share your next steps. It also helps to add some video content to explain your message.
- Notes to presenter: What is your purpose for sharing this reflection? Is it at the end of a unit or project? Are you sharing this reflection, at the attainment of a learning goal you set for yourself? Is it at the end of a course? State your purpose for the reflection or even the purpose of the learning experience or learning goal. Be clear and be specific in stating your purpose.
- Notes to presenter: What is your purpose for sharing this reflection? Is it at the end of a unit or project? Are you sharing this reflection, at the attainment of a learning goal you set for yourself? Is it at the end of a course? State your purpose for the reflection or even the purpose of the learning experience or learning goal. Be clear and be specific in stating your purpose.
- Notes to presenter: Description of what you learned in your own words on one side. Include information about the topic Details about the topic will also be helpful here. Tell the story of your learning experience. Just like a story there should always be a beginning, middle and an end. On the other side, you can add a graphic that provides evidence of what you learned. Feel free to use more than one slide to reflect upon your process. It also helps to add some video of your process.
- Notes to presenter: What was important about this learning experience? How is it relevant to your course, yourself, or your society or community? Why is this significant? This SmartArt allows you add images and text to help outline your process. If a picture is worth a thousand words, then pictures and words should help you communicate this reflection on learning perfectly! You can always click on Insert>SmartArt to change this graphic or select the graphic and click on the Design contextual menu to change the colors.
- Notes to presenter: What steps will you be taking as a result of this learning experience? Did you learn from any failed experiences? How will you do things differently? What advice will you give to others so they can learn from your experiences? How can you share what you learned with a real-world audience? Some examples of next steps might be: After delivering my first persuasive presentation, I am thinking about joining the debate team. After making my first film, I’m considering entering it in our school film festival or local film festival. After connecting with this career expert, I’d like to do some research on that career field because it sounds interesting to me. This SmartArt allows you add images and text to help outline your process. If a picture is worth a thousand words, then pictures and words should help you communicate this reflection on learning perfectly! You can always click on Insert>SmartArt to change this graphic or select the graphic and click on the Design contextual menu to change the colors. Feel free to use more than one slide to share your next steps. It also helps to add some video content to explain your message.
- Notes to presenter: What did you think at first? What obstacles did you encounter along the way? How did you overcome those obstacles? What images can you add to support your process? This SmartArt allows you add images and text to help outline your process. If a picture is worth a thousand words, then pictures and words should help you communicate this reflection on learning perfectly! You can always click on Insert>SmartArt to change this graphic or select the graphic and click on the Design contextual menu to change the colors. Feel free to use more than one slide to reflect upon your process. It also helps to add some video of your process.
- Notes to presenter: What steps will you be taking as a result of this learning experience? Did you learn from any failed experiences? How will you do things differently? What advice will you give to others so they can learn from your experiences? How can you share what you learned with a real-world audience? Some examples of next steps might be: After delivering my first persuasive presentation, I am thinking about joining the debate team. After making my first film, I’m considering entering it in our school film festival or local film festival. After connecting with this career expert, I’d like to do some research on that career field because it sounds interesting to me. This SmartArt allows you add images and text to help outline your process. If a picture is worth a thousand words, then pictures and words should help you communicate this reflection on learning perfectly! You can always click on Insert>SmartArt to change this graphic or select the graphic and click on the Design contextual menu to change the colors. Feel free to use more than one slide to share your next steps. It also helps to add some video content to explain your message.