III Jornada de Criminologia. Ciberdelicte i victimització: pornografia i assetjament, que va tenir lloc al Centre d’Estudis Jurídics i Formació Especialitzada el 31 de gener de 2013

1. E-fraud; exploring its
prevalence and impact on
victims /Prof. Jan Van Dijk
Open University of Catalonia, III Seminar on
Criminology in Barcelona, 31 January 2013

2. Police recorded crimes per 100.000 (in red) and % victims (in
yellow), by countries; sources: ICVS 2000 and UN Crime Survey 2002
or latest data available)

3. The International Crime Victims
Survey (ICVS)
Standardized surveys on people’s experiences with
crime
(minimum of 2000 interviews per country)
Conducted in 1989, 1992, 1996, 2000, 2005 and 2010
Altogether 80 participating countries; in 2010 in only
five EU countries
EU Safety Survey is under preparation

4. World ranking on ICVS victimization rates
source: Jan Van Dijk (2008), The World of Crime, Thousand
Oaks: SAGE
5 februari 2013 4

5. One year prevalence victimization rates (percentages) for four types
of crime in 2010, in twelve countries; results of ICVS-based studies
car theft burglary assault bribe‐taking
Azerbaijan n.a. o.1 0.9 3.9
Canada 1.4 1.3 3.5 0.6
Denmark 0.8 3.6 4.1 1.0
Estonia 0.4 3.0 3.7 0.5
Georgia 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.2
Germany 0.2 1.2 4.0 0.6
Moldova 0.2 1.6 3.2 7.3
Netherlands 0.5 0.8 5.7 0.2
Sweden 0.5 1.0 4.5 0.1
Switserland 0.2 1.9 5.1 0.2
Tajikistan 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.2
UK 1.5 1.5 4.9 0.0

6. Table 1: Victims of E –fraud. One year prevalence rates for fraud while buying
something on the internet (percentages) in countries and main cities. 2005
ICVS.
Fraud while Fraud
shopping while
on the shopping
internet on the
internet
USA 3.3 Lima (Peru) 10.7
Poland 3.0 Berlin (Germany) 3.8
Germany 2.7 New York (USA) 3.7
Bulgaria 2.6 London (England) 3.2
United 2.4 Paris (France) 2.7
England & 2.2 Copenhagen 1.5
Norway 1.5 Edinborough 1.0
Denmark 1.4 Madrid (Spain) 1.0
New Zealand 1.3 Vienna (Austria) 0.9
Sweden 1.2 Hong Kong (SAR 0.9
Northern 1.2 Amsterdam 0.9
Austria 1.1 Dublin (Ireland) 0.7
Scotland 1.0 Stockholm (Sweden) 0.7
Spain 0.7 Brussels (Belgium) 0.6
Ireland 0.7 Tallinn (Estonia) 0.6
Canada 0.7 Belfast (Northern 0.5
Estonia 0.6 Athens (Greece) 0.4
Portugal 0.5 Oslo (Norway) 0.4
Luxembourg 0.5 Reykjavik (Iceland) 0.3
Iceland 0.4 Greater 0.3
France 0.4 Lisbon (Portugal) 0.2
Belgium 0.4 Helsinki (Finland) 0.0
Netherlands 0.3 Budapest (Hungary) 0.0
Mexico 0.2 Rome (Italy) 0.0
Greece 0.1
Finland 0.1
Italy 0.0
Average 1.1 Average 1.5

7. 5 year victimization rate credit
card fraud /2010
%% victim of credit or debit card fraud over five years/2010
UK 19,1 percent 4100 n
Germany 4,6 3500
Sweden 5,1 3800
Holland 4,1 4700
Denmark 4,5 4500

9. Reporting rates cc fraud
Last incident reported to police?
UK 29 percent 311 n
Germany 36 78
Sweden 47 72
Holland 37 90
Denmark 31 89

11. Satisfaction rate cc
fraud
Satisfied with police
UK 62 percent 73 n
Germany 61 28
Sweden 71 34
Holland 76 34
Denmark 59 29

12. Focus group with E fraud victims
Victims contacted through TV programme
Focus group with 10 victims (gender balanced)
Unstructured, starting with tour de table
Lasted 2,5 hours

13. Type of frauds
2 advance fee scams (Nigerian)
2 e bay frauds
6 scams by persons met at dating sites (West
Africa)

14. Some results
Integrated narratives on primary victimization
and police response (secondary victimization)
Victims have been manipulated very
professionally
Not motivated by greed but by loneliness
Loss of trust/loss of self esteem
Mutual empathy / self help group