Este documento describe la configuración de una VPN IPsec de sitio a sitio entre dos routers, R1 y R3. Se proporcionan los pasos para habilitar las características de seguridad en cada router, configurar los parámetros de fase 1 y fase 2 de IPsec, y verificar que la VPN funciona correctamente mediante el cifrado del tráfico entre las LAN conectadas a cada router.
This document discusses data center fabric architectures and HPE's approach. It begins with defining the goals of a data center fabric and how graph theory can help design efficient topologies. It then covers common fabric designs like CLOS/fat tree and discusses their advantages. The document presents HPE's flexible approach using software-defined networking and outlines options for building fabrics with layer 2, layer 3, or overlays. It also covers capabilities like LAN/SAN convergence, data center interconnect, and network virtualization. Finally, it introduces HPE's Altoline/OpenSwitch platform as an open network operating system.
Bus Topology Design with Cisco Packet TracerMaksudujjaman
This document is a lab report submitted by Maksudujjaman for the Computer Networks Laboratory course at City University, Dhaka. It details an experiment on setting up a bus topology network in Cisco Packet Tracer, including connecting switches to computers and to each other, and configuring IP addresses from 192.168.0.1 to 192.168.0.8 for 8 PCs on the network. The objective was to create a bus topology network and configure the IP settings.
The document outlines the 8 step process for configuring a Sprint 4G Cascaded RET including:
1) Creating pre and post configuration version snapshots
2) Validating the RET and antenna configuration
3) Running scripts to cascade the RETs for different antenna vendors
4) Populating unique IDs for each RET
5) Setting the tilt boundaries
6) Matching the 1900 CDMA RET tilts to the 1900 LTE tilts
7) Verifying the new RET configuration
8) Continuing integration and troubleshooting any issues.
El documento presenta un temario sobre programación orientada a objetos en Java. Explica conceptos clave como clases, objetos, atributos, métodos, constructores, herencia, encapsulamiento, abstracción y polimorfismo. Detalla la estructura básica de una clase en Java, la declaración de atributos y métodos, y cómo crear y manipular objetos.
This document summarizes the SIP signaling flow for establishing a mobile originating call with QoS in an IMS network. It shows the steps for:
1) P-CSCF discovery via DHCP/DNS query after PDP context activation
2) The UE sending an INVITE message to the P-CSCF which is then forwarded to the S-CSCF to trigger application servers
3) The S-CSCF authorizing QoS resources after receiving a 183 Session Progress response
4) The call being established with an ACK and the exchange of media
5) The call being released with a BYE message which triggers removal of QoS reservations.
Designing Multi-tenant Data Centers Using EVPNAnas
This document describes the design of a multi-tenant data center network fabric using EVPN-IRB. It discusses the objectives of operational simplicity, workload placement flexibility, efficient bandwidth utilization, and multi-tenancy. It then describes the key components of the solution including BGP EVPN for control plane, overlay IRB for inter-subnet routing, distributed anycast gateways for workload mobility, and how the control and data planes interact for host learning and traffic forwarding.
Ring Topology Design with Cisco Packet TracerMaksudujjaman
Maksudujjaman submitted a lab report for their Computer Networks course. The report details an experiment setting up a ring topology network in Cisco Packet Tracer, including connecting switches to computers and other switches, and assigning IP addresses of 192.168.0.1-4 with a 255.255.255.0 subnet mask to the four computers. The objective was to create a ring-shaped network connecting computers through a single cable and switches.
This document discusses data center fabric architectures and HPE's approach. It begins with defining the goals of a data center fabric and how graph theory can help design efficient topologies. It then covers common fabric designs like CLOS/fat tree and discusses their advantages. The document presents HPE's flexible approach using software-defined networking and outlines options for building fabrics with layer 2, layer 3, or overlays. It also covers capabilities like LAN/SAN convergence, data center interconnect, and network virtualization. Finally, it introduces HPE's Altoline/OpenSwitch platform as an open network operating system.
Bus Topology Design with Cisco Packet TracerMaksudujjaman
This document is a lab report submitted by Maksudujjaman for the Computer Networks Laboratory course at City University, Dhaka. It details an experiment on setting up a bus topology network in Cisco Packet Tracer, including connecting switches to computers and to each other, and configuring IP addresses from 192.168.0.1 to 192.168.0.8 for 8 PCs on the network. The objective was to create a bus topology network and configure the IP settings.
The document outlines the 8 step process for configuring a Sprint 4G Cascaded RET including:
1) Creating pre and post configuration version snapshots
2) Validating the RET and antenna configuration
3) Running scripts to cascade the RETs for different antenna vendors
4) Populating unique IDs for each RET
5) Setting the tilt boundaries
6) Matching the 1900 CDMA RET tilts to the 1900 LTE tilts
7) Verifying the new RET configuration
8) Continuing integration and troubleshooting any issues.
El documento presenta un temario sobre programación orientada a objetos en Java. Explica conceptos clave como clases, objetos, atributos, métodos, constructores, herencia, encapsulamiento, abstracción y polimorfismo. Detalla la estructura básica de una clase en Java, la declaración de atributos y métodos, y cómo crear y manipular objetos.
This document summarizes the SIP signaling flow for establishing a mobile originating call with QoS in an IMS network. It shows the steps for:
1) P-CSCF discovery via DHCP/DNS query after PDP context activation
2) The UE sending an INVITE message to the P-CSCF which is then forwarded to the S-CSCF to trigger application servers
3) The S-CSCF authorizing QoS resources after receiving a 183 Session Progress response
4) The call being established with an ACK and the exchange of media
5) The call being released with a BYE message which triggers removal of QoS reservations.
Designing Multi-tenant Data Centers Using EVPNAnas
This document describes the design of a multi-tenant data center network fabric using EVPN-IRB. It discusses the objectives of operational simplicity, workload placement flexibility, efficient bandwidth utilization, and multi-tenancy. It then describes the key components of the solution including BGP EVPN for control plane, overlay IRB for inter-subnet routing, distributed anycast gateways for workload mobility, and how the control and data planes interact for host learning and traffic forwarding.
Ring Topology Design with Cisco Packet TracerMaksudujjaman
Maksudujjaman submitted a lab report for their Computer Networks course. The report details an experiment setting up a ring topology network in Cisco Packet Tracer, including connecting switches to computers and other switches, and assigning IP addresses of 192.168.0.1-4 with a 255.255.255.0 subnet mask to the four computers. The objective was to create a ring-shaped network connecting computers through a single cable and switches.
At ITSF 2016 in Prague, Nir Laufer of Oscilloquartz explained how to combine PTP and NTP to help meet the sub-millisecond accuracy needed for many new applications.
Final Presentation of TEEP (Taiwan Experience Education Program)@AsiaPlus 2019 at Broadband Multimedia and Wireless Research Laboratory, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology.
This presentation contains explanation about 5G FAPI specification in concept.
Building DataCenter networks with VXLAN BGP-EVPNCisco Canada
The session specifically covers the requirements and approaches for deploying the Underlay, Overlay as well as the inter-Fabric connectivity of Data Center Networks or Fabrics. Within the VXLAN BGP-EVPN based Overlay, we focus on the insights like forwarding and control plane functions which are critical to the simplicity operation of the architecture in achieving scale, small failure domains and consistent configuration. To complete the overlay view on VXLAN BGP-EVPN, we are going to the insides of BGP and its EVPN address-familiy and extend to about how multiple DC Fabric can be interconnected within, either as stretched Fabrics or with true DCI. The session concludes with a brief overview of manageability functions, network orchestration capabilities and multi-tenancy details. This Advanced session is intended for network, design and operation engineers from Enterprises to Service Providers.
Overview of socket API.
A network socket is an interface for an application to connect to a host‘s network stack (part of the OS). Sockets provide an abstraction of the network. Applications use the transport services available on the socket interface for communication with a peer application.
Transport protocol such as TCP, UDP or SCTP offer different levels of service. TCP for example provides reliable stream-oriented transport service while UDP more reflects the best-effort kind of service provided by the underlying IP protocol layer.
Sockets are bound to a transport address. For TCP/IP sockets this means an IP address and port number.
Sockets provide only very basic data transport services without any higher level functions like parameter marshaling or serialization. These functions have to be performed by the applications. These functions are often hidden in middleware platforms like distributed object technologies (CORBA, RMI, DCOM) or web service frameworks (WCF, JAX-WS).
Multicast sockets make the IP multicast capability accessible to applications. Multicast sockets are often used for streaming services where multiple applications are recipients of the same data packets.
Analysis of attacks / vulnerabilities SS7 / Sigtran using Wireshark (and / or...Alejandro Corletti Estrada
This is a study that presents a methodology to deal with this serious signaling problem worldwide and that will necessarily be extended for at least the next ten years.
We could say that on dates close to 2010, it has begun to be heard that this signaling system Number 7 (SS7) (true heart of the entire world voice network and certain types of data) presents serious security problems. The exploitation of them opens a range to all types of attacks that are currently being executed in several telephone operators, stealing money from bank accounts, intercepting phone calls, locating the position of mobile phones, performing different types of fraud in voice and navigation, executing service denials, etc.
It is worth mentioning that the "traffic analysis" is the ONLY methodology we have to understand and evaluate this type of anomalies in our signaling flows, for this reason, the work is based on the Open Source tools: "Wireshark" and "Snort".
This article of almost seventy pages, is part of the security work that Alejandro Corletti Estrada has been carrying out and disseminating for more than twenty years.
This document provides an overview of BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) basics and configuration for internet service providers. It discusses BGP attributes, path selection, and applying routing policies. The key points covered include the purpose of BGP in exchanging routing information between autonomous systems, BGP neighbor configuration for internal and external peers, and using attributes like AS path, local preference, communities to influence best path selection.
The document contains questions and answers about LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology. LTE aims to improve spectral efficiency, lower costs, and improve services compared to previous standards. It provides peak download rates of at least 100 Mbps and round-trip times of less than 10ms. While LTE is considered a 3.9G technology, LTE Advanced seeks to meet the full ITU 4G requirements including peak rates of up to 1 Gbps for low mobility. The LTE architecture consists of the E-UTRAN access network and EPC core network. Key network elements include eNodeBs, MMEs for mobility management, SGWs for routing and anchoring user data, and PGWs for external connectivity
DHCP automates the assigning and tracking of IP addresses to simplify network configuration. It dynamically allocates addresses from a pool and reclaims them when no longer needed to avoid duplicates. DHCP options provide additional configuration parameters and reservations assign static addresses. Proper administration includes authorizing servers, defining scopes, and backing up the DHCP database.
The document describes network identities and procedures used in LTE attach flows. It discusses identifiers like GUTI, RNTI, and bearers. The attach flow involves the UE sending an attach request to the eNB which triggers authentication and establishment of default bearer towards the PGW, after which the UE receives an attach accept. Timers are involved at different nodes during this process.
The document discusses the evolution from 4G's point-to-point core network architecture to 5G's service-based architecture. It describes the need for change driven by new 5G use cases requiring network slicing and easier integration of new features. The current 3GPP Release 15 5G service-based architecture is presented, including its protocol layering using HTTP/2 and JSON, API design principles, and support for network slicing and security. Future releases will enhance the architecture for massive IoT, ultra-reliable low latency communication, and other use cases.
Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) allows using wireless backhaul to connect small cells and avoid wiring clutter. IAB nodes terminate the gNB-DU and support UE functionality towards the IAB donor. The IAB donor terminates the gNB-CU and lower layers for the IAB node. Backhaul Adaptation Protocol (BAP) routes packets across the backhaul topology using routing IDs. IP addresses for F1 and OAM are discovered for IAB nodes. Signaling and user plane traffic is mapped to backhaul RLC channels. Open issues in Rel-16 include BAP specification and topology adaptation procedures. Rel-17 may address inter-donor migration and topological redundancy.
We are going to cover complete list of VoLTE IMS KPI and performance Indicators . This includes :-
VoLTE IMS Control Plane KPI
- RSR : Registration Success Ratio (%)
- CSSR : Call Setup Success Rate (%)
- CST : Call Setup Time (s)
- MHT/ACD : Average Call duration (s)
VoLTE IMS User Plane KPI
- Mute Rate (%)
- MOS Score (1-5)
- RTP Packet Loss (%)
- One Way Calls (%)
Packet Core 4G Network LTE KPI
- Volte Attach Success Rate (%)
- VoLTE QCI=5 Paging Success Rate (%)
- Dedicated Bearer Activation Success Rate (%)
- IMS IP POOL Utilization (%)
- Create Bearer Success Rate (%)
Radio VoLTE KPI
- Call Drop rate (%)
- SRVCC Success Rate (%)
- Handover SR (%)
The Swiss ISP SWITCH has developed a scalable IPFIX exporter built using Snabb.
In 2022 the application gained many new features, and was upstreamed into the
main Snabb repository. We will showcase a production-grade Snabb application,
and discuss implementation challenges and how Snabb helps you deal with them.
(c) FOSDEM 2023
4 & 5 February 2023
https://fosdem.org/2023/schedule/event/network_snabbflow_ipfix/
The document discusses DHCPv6 and how it can be implemented in stateful and stateless modes. In stateful mode, clients obtain IPv6 addresses and configuration from a DHCPv6 server. This can be done using rapid commit with a two message exchange or normal commit using four messages by default. The DHCPv6 server assigns addresses from a pool and bindings are created. In stateless mode, clients autoconfigure their own addresses using SLAAC from router advertisements while still obtaining other configuration from a DHCPv6 server like DNS servers.
It discusses about the 3G call flow scenarios for both the Circuit Switched (CS) and Packet Switched (PS). Calls are mobile originated. Call making and call tear down both are discussed.
- The document discusses 5G connectivity options and use cases, as well as 5G deployment scenarios and network architecture. It focuses on Non-Standalone (NSA) deployment using Dual Connectivity with an LTE anchor (Option 3).
- Key aspects covered include the EN-DC architecture with separate logical entities below the PDCP layer, security considerations for both control and user plane traffic, and 5G radio access decision logic. Configuration guidelines are also provided for the core network and radio access network elements needed to support 5G NSA.
Routing protocols are used to automatically maintain routing tables in routers. Distance vector routing protocols like RIP use the distributed Bellman-Ford algorithm, where each router only knows its local state - the link metrics and estimates of distances to destinations from its neighbors. Using this information, routers periodically exchange distance updates with neighbors and recalculate path costs to determine the optimal next-hop for each destination. While simple and distributed, distance vector protocols are prone to slow convergence and routing loops in certain network conditions.
Krishna Gopal Solanki has over 7 years of experience as a telecom engineer working with companies such as Ericsson, Hayat Communication, and Huawei. He has hands-on experience with 2G, 3G, and 4G networks and equipment from Ericsson, Nokia, and Huawei. Currently, he works as a senior RAN engineer for Ericsson Globel India where he performs tasks such as LTE network integration, software upgrades, and troubleshooting.
EWMA 2014 - EP403 PRODUCT USE IN THE SYSTEMATIC TREATMENT OF CHRONIC WOUNDSEWMA
Este documento describe un estudio observacional de 48 pacientes con heridas crónicas resistentes a antibióticos sistémicos. Se aplicó una solución limpiadora y posteriormente un gel con la misma composición, que contenía Ringer, macrogol y polihexanida. El tratamiento resultó en la disminución de la carga bacteriana en el 100% de los casos. Además, aceleró la preparación del lecho de la herida y redujo la fase inflamatoria, permitiendo una cicatrización más rápida.
Pleno extraordinario, debate estado de la ciudad 2UPyD Parla
La Unión Europea ha acordado un paquete de sanciones contra Rusia por su invasión de Ucrania. Las sanciones incluyen restricciones a las importaciones de productos rusos de alta tecnología y a las exportaciones de bienes de lujo a Rusia. Además, se congelarán los activos de varios oligarcas rusos y se prohibirá el acceso de los bancos rusos a los mercados financieros de la UE.
At ITSF 2016 in Prague, Nir Laufer of Oscilloquartz explained how to combine PTP and NTP to help meet the sub-millisecond accuracy needed for many new applications.
Final Presentation of TEEP (Taiwan Experience Education Program)@AsiaPlus 2019 at Broadband Multimedia and Wireless Research Laboratory, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology.
This presentation contains explanation about 5G FAPI specification in concept.
Building DataCenter networks with VXLAN BGP-EVPNCisco Canada
The session specifically covers the requirements and approaches for deploying the Underlay, Overlay as well as the inter-Fabric connectivity of Data Center Networks or Fabrics. Within the VXLAN BGP-EVPN based Overlay, we focus on the insights like forwarding and control plane functions which are critical to the simplicity operation of the architecture in achieving scale, small failure domains and consistent configuration. To complete the overlay view on VXLAN BGP-EVPN, we are going to the insides of BGP and its EVPN address-familiy and extend to about how multiple DC Fabric can be interconnected within, either as stretched Fabrics or with true DCI. The session concludes with a brief overview of manageability functions, network orchestration capabilities and multi-tenancy details. This Advanced session is intended for network, design and operation engineers from Enterprises to Service Providers.
Overview of socket API.
A network socket is an interface for an application to connect to a host‘s network stack (part of the OS). Sockets provide an abstraction of the network. Applications use the transport services available on the socket interface for communication with a peer application.
Transport protocol such as TCP, UDP or SCTP offer different levels of service. TCP for example provides reliable stream-oriented transport service while UDP more reflects the best-effort kind of service provided by the underlying IP protocol layer.
Sockets are bound to a transport address. For TCP/IP sockets this means an IP address and port number.
Sockets provide only very basic data transport services without any higher level functions like parameter marshaling or serialization. These functions have to be performed by the applications. These functions are often hidden in middleware platforms like distributed object technologies (CORBA, RMI, DCOM) or web service frameworks (WCF, JAX-WS).
Multicast sockets make the IP multicast capability accessible to applications. Multicast sockets are often used for streaming services where multiple applications are recipients of the same data packets.
Analysis of attacks / vulnerabilities SS7 / Sigtran using Wireshark (and / or...Alejandro Corletti Estrada
This is a study that presents a methodology to deal with this serious signaling problem worldwide and that will necessarily be extended for at least the next ten years.
We could say that on dates close to 2010, it has begun to be heard that this signaling system Number 7 (SS7) (true heart of the entire world voice network and certain types of data) presents serious security problems. The exploitation of them opens a range to all types of attacks that are currently being executed in several telephone operators, stealing money from bank accounts, intercepting phone calls, locating the position of mobile phones, performing different types of fraud in voice and navigation, executing service denials, etc.
It is worth mentioning that the "traffic analysis" is the ONLY methodology we have to understand and evaluate this type of anomalies in our signaling flows, for this reason, the work is based on the Open Source tools: "Wireshark" and "Snort".
This article of almost seventy pages, is part of the security work that Alejandro Corletti Estrada has been carrying out and disseminating for more than twenty years.
This document provides an overview of BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) basics and configuration for internet service providers. It discusses BGP attributes, path selection, and applying routing policies. The key points covered include the purpose of BGP in exchanging routing information between autonomous systems, BGP neighbor configuration for internal and external peers, and using attributes like AS path, local preference, communities to influence best path selection.
The document contains questions and answers about LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology. LTE aims to improve spectral efficiency, lower costs, and improve services compared to previous standards. It provides peak download rates of at least 100 Mbps and round-trip times of less than 10ms. While LTE is considered a 3.9G technology, LTE Advanced seeks to meet the full ITU 4G requirements including peak rates of up to 1 Gbps for low mobility. The LTE architecture consists of the E-UTRAN access network and EPC core network. Key network elements include eNodeBs, MMEs for mobility management, SGWs for routing and anchoring user data, and PGWs for external connectivity
DHCP automates the assigning and tracking of IP addresses to simplify network configuration. It dynamically allocates addresses from a pool and reclaims them when no longer needed to avoid duplicates. DHCP options provide additional configuration parameters and reservations assign static addresses. Proper administration includes authorizing servers, defining scopes, and backing up the DHCP database.
The document describes network identities and procedures used in LTE attach flows. It discusses identifiers like GUTI, RNTI, and bearers. The attach flow involves the UE sending an attach request to the eNB which triggers authentication and establishment of default bearer towards the PGW, after which the UE receives an attach accept. Timers are involved at different nodes during this process.
The document discusses the evolution from 4G's point-to-point core network architecture to 5G's service-based architecture. It describes the need for change driven by new 5G use cases requiring network slicing and easier integration of new features. The current 3GPP Release 15 5G service-based architecture is presented, including its protocol layering using HTTP/2 and JSON, API design principles, and support for network slicing and security. Future releases will enhance the architecture for massive IoT, ultra-reliable low latency communication, and other use cases.
Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) allows using wireless backhaul to connect small cells and avoid wiring clutter. IAB nodes terminate the gNB-DU and support UE functionality towards the IAB donor. The IAB donor terminates the gNB-CU and lower layers for the IAB node. Backhaul Adaptation Protocol (BAP) routes packets across the backhaul topology using routing IDs. IP addresses for F1 and OAM are discovered for IAB nodes. Signaling and user plane traffic is mapped to backhaul RLC channels. Open issues in Rel-16 include BAP specification and topology adaptation procedures. Rel-17 may address inter-donor migration and topological redundancy.
We are going to cover complete list of VoLTE IMS KPI and performance Indicators . This includes :-
VoLTE IMS Control Plane KPI
- RSR : Registration Success Ratio (%)
- CSSR : Call Setup Success Rate (%)
- CST : Call Setup Time (s)
- MHT/ACD : Average Call duration (s)
VoLTE IMS User Plane KPI
- Mute Rate (%)
- MOS Score (1-5)
- RTP Packet Loss (%)
- One Way Calls (%)
Packet Core 4G Network LTE KPI
- Volte Attach Success Rate (%)
- VoLTE QCI=5 Paging Success Rate (%)
- Dedicated Bearer Activation Success Rate (%)
- IMS IP POOL Utilization (%)
- Create Bearer Success Rate (%)
Radio VoLTE KPI
- Call Drop rate (%)
- SRVCC Success Rate (%)
- Handover SR (%)
The Swiss ISP SWITCH has developed a scalable IPFIX exporter built using Snabb.
In 2022 the application gained many new features, and was upstreamed into the
main Snabb repository. We will showcase a production-grade Snabb application,
and discuss implementation challenges and how Snabb helps you deal with them.
(c) FOSDEM 2023
4 & 5 February 2023
https://fosdem.org/2023/schedule/event/network_snabbflow_ipfix/
The document discusses DHCPv6 and how it can be implemented in stateful and stateless modes. In stateful mode, clients obtain IPv6 addresses and configuration from a DHCPv6 server. This can be done using rapid commit with a two message exchange or normal commit using four messages by default. The DHCPv6 server assigns addresses from a pool and bindings are created. In stateless mode, clients autoconfigure their own addresses using SLAAC from router advertisements while still obtaining other configuration from a DHCPv6 server like DNS servers.
It discusses about the 3G call flow scenarios for both the Circuit Switched (CS) and Packet Switched (PS). Calls are mobile originated. Call making and call tear down both are discussed.
- The document discusses 5G connectivity options and use cases, as well as 5G deployment scenarios and network architecture. It focuses on Non-Standalone (NSA) deployment using Dual Connectivity with an LTE anchor (Option 3).
- Key aspects covered include the EN-DC architecture with separate logical entities below the PDCP layer, security considerations for both control and user plane traffic, and 5G radio access decision logic. Configuration guidelines are also provided for the core network and radio access network elements needed to support 5G NSA.
Routing protocols are used to automatically maintain routing tables in routers. Distance vector routing protocols like RIP use the distributed Bellman-Ford algorithm, where each router only knows its local state - the link metrics and estimates of distances to destinations from its neighbors. Using this information, routers periodically exchange distance updates with neighbors and recalculate path costs to determine the optimal next-hop for each destination. While simple and distributed, distance vector protocols are prone to slow convergence and routing loops in certain network conditions.
Krishna Gopal Solanki has over 7 years of experience as a telecom engineer working with companies such as Ericsson, Hayat Communication, and Huawei. He has hands-on experience with 2G, 3G, and 4G networks and equipment from Ericsson, Nokia, and Huawei. Currently, he works as a senior RAN engineer for Ericsson Globel India where he performs tasks such as LTE network integration, software upgrades, and troubleshooting.
EWMA 2014 - EP403 PRODUCT USE IN THE SYSTEMATIC TREATMENT OF CHRONIC WOUNDSEWMA
Este documento describe un estudio observacional de 48 pacientes con heridas crónicas resistentes a antibióticos sistémicos. Se aplicó una solución limpiadora y posteriormente un gel con la misma composición, que contenía Ringer, macrogol y polihexanida. El tratamiento resultó en la disminución de la carga bacteriana en el 100% de los casos. Además, aceleró la preparación del lecho de la herida y redujo la fase inflamatoria, permitiendo una cicatrización más rápida.
Pleno extraordinario, debate estado de la ciudad 2UPyD Parla
La Unión Europea ha acordado un paquete de sanciones contra Rusia por su invasión de Ucrania. Las sanciones incluyen restricciones a las importaciones de productos rusos de alta tecnología y a las exportaciones de bienes de lujo a Rusia. Además, se congelarán los activos de varios oligarcas rusos y se prohibirá el acceso de los bancos rusos a los mercados financieros de la UE.
El documento proporciona instrucciones para jugar Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare en línea, incluyendo instalar el juego y parches hasta la versión 1.7, descargar e instalar Xfire para acceder a servidores de todo el mundo, registrarse en Xfire, agregar direcciones IP de servidores favoritos para un acceso más rápido, y hacer clic en el logotipo del juego para unirse directamente a un servidor.
Un Wiki es un software de creación de contenido colaborativo que permite que múltiples usuarios creen y editen páginas web de forma rápida y sencilla para compartir conocimiento sobre un tema común, mientras que un blog es un sitio web actualizado periódicamente por uno o más autores que publican artículos en orden cronológico inverso y permite comentarios de lectores.
Este documento presenta el plan de estudios de un curso sobre estructuras de datos que consta de 3 unidades. La unidad 1 cubre memoria dinámica y apuntadores. La unidad 2 cubre estructuras de datos lineales como pilas, colas y listas. La unidad 3 cubre estructuras de datos no lineales como árboles. El curso incluye 3 prácticas de laboratorio y se evalúa parcialmente con una prueba nacional.
Este documento propone crear un espacio en línea para la expresión emocional y el diálogo respetuoso. El objetivo es promover la confianza y conciencia para una convivencia saludable. Se justifica la necesidad de herramientas de comunicación abierta y foros sobre música. La metodología incluirá encuestas democráticas para decidir los temas de discusión.
El documento proporciona instrucciones en 6 pasos para agregar una ilustración o logo a una tarjeta de presentación digital como decoración o identidad de la empresa: 1) Importar la ilustración desde el menú Archivo, 2) Seleccionar la ilustración, 3) Ajustar el tamaño de la ilustración usando la opción de Transformar en el menú Objeto, 4) Rotar la ilustración también usando Transformar, 5) Colocar la ilustración en la tarjeta, 6) La tarjeta queda terminada con la
Este documento describe las características de los parásitos. Explica que los parásitos se dividen en dos subreinos, los protozoos y los metazoos. Los protozoos son unicelulares y se subdividen en cuatro grupos, mientras que los metazoos son pluricelulares e incluyen helmintos y artrópodos. También describe brevemente las funciones vitales, la nutrición, la supervivencia y la reproducción de ambos tipos de parásitos.
Este documento aprueba los nuevos montos de los haberes de los jueces del Poder Judicial peruano, correspondientes al primer tramo de implementación progresiva establecido por ley. También autoriza una transferencia presupuestaria de S/ 4.4 millones a favor del Poder Judicial para financiar el incremento salarial de los jueces en diciembre de 2013. Los nuevos haberes mensuales totales para cada cargo judicial se detallan en un anexo.
El documento presenta una estrategia didáctica para desarrollar habilidades creativas en los estudiantes y generar proyectos innovadores. La estrategia incluye actividades como identificar necesidades de la sociedad, generar ideas creativas usando pensamiento convergente y divergente, analizar la viabilidad de las ideas, y elaborar un proyecto escrito sobre la idea seleccionada. El objetivo es motivar a los estudiantes a crear productos que beneficien a la comunidad en lugar de satisfacer sólo gustos personales.
El documento habla sobre la muerte de Steve Jobs, fundador de Apple, a los 56 años. También menciona que los diputados del PRI, PAN y PRD en la Cámara de Diputados señalaron que existen instrumentos legales para que el IFE blinde los comicios del 2012 y evite el uso de recursos ilícitos en las campañas. Además, informa sobre el décimo aumento al precio de las gasolinas en México.
El documento presenta el Plan Hambre Cero de Guatemala, el cual tiene como objetivo reducir la desnutrición crónica y aguda en el país. Guatemala tiene altos niveles de desnutrición crónica infantil, pobreza, y desigualdad. El plan aborda la desnutrición de manera integral a través de componentes directos de salud y nutrición, componentes de sostenibilidad en áreas como agricultura y economía, y ejes transversales como participación ciudadana. El plan busca mejorar la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional
El resumen describe la historia de un joven llamado Arturo que ve su vida de forma indiferente hasta que una noche encuentra un robot gigante en el basurero donde realiza trabajo comunitario. Arturo entabla una amistad con el robot y su perspectiva de la vida cambia, viendo que en realidad tiene mucho que agradecer. Desafortunadamente, el robot desaparece pero le deja un mensaje a Arturo reconociendo que lo envió para ayudarlo a valorar lo que tiene.
Este documento presenta un resumen de una actividad realizada por estudiantes del Colegio de Bachilleres del Estado de Baja California sobre estilos de vida sustentables. En la actividad, los estudiantes identificaron acciones que podrían tomarse en diferentes ámbitos como industria, transporte y hogar para establecer este tipo de estilos de vida. También analizaron conceptos como impacto ambiental y tipos de impactos. Finalmente, seleccionaron el tema de consumo de energía y discutieron factores que lo afectan y formas de evaluar su impacto
Este documento describe un plan de vocabulario en inglés enfocado en la comunicación para estudiantes adultos. Se basa en un enfoque socioconstructivista y comunicativo. El plan utiliza un enfoque léxico y se centra en desarrollar las habilidades de lectura y escritura. Incluye una evaluación mediante un afiche que predice el medio ambiente en 50 años utilizando 100 palabras clave de la unidad. Los objetivos son crear vocabulario significativo y mejorar las competencias comunicativas en inglés.
El documento ofrece consejos para vivir una vida plena y feliz, como correr para recibir a un ser querido, pasear en automóvil, jugar y rodar en el pasto, bailar cuando estás contento, ser leal y permanecer cerca de los que están tristes para consolarlos.
El documento describe la biodiversidad y el medio ambiente de Colombia. Colombia tiene una gran diversidad de especies de plantas y animales, con más de 1,800 especies de aves y 1,300 especies de mamíferos. La flora y fauna varían según la región, desde selvas húmedas hasta llanuras secas. El documento concluye enfatizando la importancia de cuidar la rica biodiversidad de Colombia.
El documento describe cómo encontrar un control remoto perdido colocando una alarma inalámbrica en él, de modo que cuando se pierda se pueda accionar un botón en la mesa de noche para activar la alarma y así localizarlo más fácilmente.
Este documento describe una práctica de laboratorio para configurar y analizar NetFlow en una red de tres routers. La práctica incluye ensamblar la red física, configurar parámetros básicos en los routers, configurar NetFlow en el router R2 para capturar y exportar datos de tráfico, y utilizar comandos CLI para generar tráfico y analizar las estadísticas de NetFlow. El objetivo es proporcionar una introducción a la configuración y el análisis de NetFlow para monitoreo de red y contabilidad de tráfico
Este documento describe los pasos para configurar el protocolo IGRP, direcciones IP secundarias, interfaces loopback y puerta de enlace de último recurso en tres enrutadores conectados. Incluye la configuración de IGRP, verificación de conectividad, configuración de direcciones IP secundarias, creación de interfaces loopback, establecimiento de rutas estáticas y puertas de enlace de último recurso, y pruebas de conectividad entre los enrutadores. El documento también menciona comandos útiles para la resolución de problemas en
Este documento describe los pasos para configurar el protocolo RIP versión 1 entre tres routers (R1, R2, R3) y tres PCs para proporcionar enrutamiento dinámico entre las redes. Los pasos incluyen configurar las interfaces de los routers y PCs, activar RIP e ingresar las redes en el proceso RIP, y verificar que se hayan distribuido las rutas correctamente a través de las tablas de enrutamiento y los mensajes RIP.
Este documento describe una práctica de laboratorio para configurar OSPF en una red de tres routers. Los objetivos incluyen conectar la red según un diagrama de topología, configurar OSPF en cada router, y verificar el enrutamiento OSPF. Se proporcionan instrucciones detalladas para configurar las interfaces, activar OSPF, configurar las IDs de router OSPF y verificar la configuración.
El documento describe los pasos para configurar una VPN entre un router y un cliente Windows XP a través de un túnel seguro IPSec. Incluye definir las subredes, configurar el enlace frame relay entre los routers, crear el túnel VPN mediante la configuración de transform sets, crypto maps, IKE y claves compartidas tanto en el router como en el cliente, y verificar el funcionamiento del túnel.
Este documento describe la configuración de RIPv1 en una topología de red que incluye tres routers y tres PCs. Se configuran las interfaces de los routers con las direcciones IP apropiadas y se habilita RIPv1 en cada router para compartir información de enrutamiento. Se verifica que cada router haya aprendido todas las rutas a través de la visualización de las tablas de enrutamiento y la depuración de los mensajes RIP.
Herramientas administrativas de red en diferentes sistemas operativosYinaGarzon
El documento describe las herramientas administrativas de red en diferentes sistemas operativos. Se muestran los pasos para verificar la configuración de red usando el comando ipconfig en Windows, incluyendo la dirección MAC, IP, máscara de subred, puerta de enlace, servidores DNS y DHCP. Luego se modifican parámetros de red como la dirección IP y se usan comandos como ping, tracert y pathping para probar la conectividad y ruta a otros hosts.
Herramientas administrativas de red en diferentes sistemas operativosYinaGarzon
El documento describe las herramientas administrativas de red en diferentes sistemas operativos. Se analizan comandos como ipconfig, ping y tracert para obtener información de configuración de red como la dirección IP, máscara de subred, puerta de enlace y servidores. También se explican conceptos como la caché ARP, puertos TCP/IP y el uso de herramientas para diagnosticar y solucionar problemas de red.
Este documento proporciona instrucciones para la configuración básica de un router Cisco, incluida la configuración de los parámetros iniciales del dispositivo, la configuración de interfaces y la configuración de la puerta de enlace predeterminada. Explica los pasos para configurar el nombre del dispositivo, proteger el acceso y cifrar las contraseñas. Además, detalla cómo configurar e implementar direcciones IP e interfaces de router y verificar la configuración.
Este documento presenta los procedimientos para configurar el protocolo de enrutamiento EIGRP en routers Cisco. Se instruye al estudiante en cómo configurar EIGRP para enrutar tráfico entre redes con y sin subredes, y cómo definir interfaces pasivas para evitar el envío innecesario de actualizaciones de enrutamiento.
El documento describe una configuración de EIGRP en tres routers para enrutar tráfico a través de una red. Se especifican las interfaces, direcciones IP y configuraciones de EIGRP requeridas para cada router. La tarea final es verificar que EIGRP haya establecido adyacencias entre los routers y que las tablas de enrutamiento contengan rutas aprendidas a través de EIGRP.
El estudiante podrá: * Utilizar el entorno general de diseño de topologías de red y simulaciones bajo la aplicación Cisco Packet Tracer * Seleccionar los dispositivos de red del cuadro de herramientas brindados en el entorno Lógico del simulador * Realizar el cambio en las interfaces físicas utilizadas por los dispositivos de red configurables (switch, routers)
Este documento describe una práctica de laboratorio para configurar RIPv2 en una red de tres routers. Instruye a los estudiantes sobre cómo cablear la topología, configurar las direcciones IP, implementar RIPv2 en cada router, deshabilitar la sumarización automática y verificar la conectividad.
Este documento describe cómo configurar la puerta de enlace predeterminada en un router y un switch. Explica que la puerta de enlace predeterminada se usa para enviar tráfico a otras redes y generalmente es la dirección de la interfaz del router conectada a la red local. Proporciona ejemplos de comandos para configurar la puerta de enlace predeterminada IPv4 e IPv6 en un router y un switch.
Este documento describe los pasos para configurar una red utilizando el protocolo RIP (Routing Information Protocol) entre tres routers. Explica cómo configurar las interfaces de los routers, activar RIP y monitorear la información de enrutamiento dinámico compartida entre los routers. Además, detalla los pasos para implementar hosts, un servidor web y un PC dinámico en la red.
Este documento describe los pasos para configurar una red utilizando el protocolo RIP (Routing Information Protocol) entre tres routers. Explica cómo configurar las interfaces de los routers, activar RIP y monitorear la información de enrutamiento dinámico compartida entre los routers. Además, detalla los pasos para implementar hosts, un servidor web y un PC dinámico en la red.
Guia de configuracion cisco 881 w logicalisasesinoevil
Este documento proporciona instrucciones para configurar la capacidad inalámbrica de un router Cisco C881W-A-K9. Explica cómo habilitar el acceso WiFi mediante la creación de una red SSID, la configuración de autenticación y encriptación, y la conexión del módulo de acceso punto inalámbrico interno del router a la interfaz LAN. También describe cómo establecer parámetros de administración como usuarios, IP addresses, SNMP, y acceso HTTP/HTTPS para gestionar de forma remota la red inal
5.2.2.6 lab configuring dynamic and static nat - ilmOmar E Garcia V
Este documento describe cómo configurar traducción de direcciones de red (NAT) estática y dinámica en un router Cisco. Explica una topología de red con dos routers y dos hosts internos. La primera parte instruye cómo configurar la conectividad básica. La segunda parte explica cómo configurar NAT estática para un servidor interno. La tercera parte explica cómo configurar NAT dinámica para asignar direcciones públicas a otros hosts internos de forma dinámica.
Este documento proporciona instrucciones para configurar la autenticación PAP y CHAP en una topología de red que incluye tres routers. Se explica cómo configurar el enrutamiento OSPF, la autenticación PAP entre los routers R1 y R2, y la autenticación CHAP entre los routers R2 y R3 para proporcionar conectividad de extremo a extremo a través de la red.
Este documento describe una práctica de laboratorio para configurar OSPF en una red de tres routers. Incluye tareas como configurar interfaces, activar OSPF, configurar redes en OSPF y verificar la configuración. También cubre cómo configurar IDs de router OSPF utilizando interfaces de loopback.
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