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DISEÑO DE BLOQUES COMPLETO AL AZAR

Este diseño consiste en asignar los tratamientos en forma completamente al azar
a un grupo de parcelas, llamados bloques o repeticiones, con la condición que
dicha bloque o conjunto de unidades experimentales sea lo más homogéneo
posible. El objetivo de realizar in agrupamiento de unidades experimentales, es
escoger aquellas más parecidas de manera de reducir hasta donde sea posible la
variabilidad dentro de cada bloque y así evitar que los efectos de tratamiento se
vean enmascarados o confundidos por la heterogeneidad de las unidades
experimentales a las cuales se asignan los tratamientos de interés. Es por ello que
el diseño en bloques completos con tratamientos aleatorizados DBA se considera
mas eficiente que el diseño completamente al azar (DCA) para controlar la
variabilidad del material experimental. Generalmente, el número de bloques es
igual al número de tratamientos. El adjetivo "completos" se refiere a que todos los
tratamientos aparecen representados en cada uno de los bloques del experimento.

Este diseño ofrece menos grados de libertad para estimar el error, comparado con
el DCA, esta reducción se debe a los grados de libertad necesarios para estimar el
efecto de bloques. Es por ello que debe existir una razón real de bloqueo para
usar este diseño, es decir entre mayor sea la variabilidad entre bloques más
eficiente será el diseño para detectar diferencias entre tratamientos.

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Diseño de bloques completo al azar

  • 1. DISEÑO DE BLOQUES COMPLETO AL AZAR Este diseño consiste en asignar los tratamientos en forma completamente al azar a un grupo de parcelas, llamados bloques o repeticiones, con la condición que dicha bloque o conjunto de unidades experimentales sea lo más homogéneo posible. El objetivo de realizar in agrupamiento de unidades experimentales, es escoger aquellas más parecidas de manera de reducir hasta donde sea posible la variabilidad dentro de cada bloque y así evitar que los efectos de tratamiento se vean enmascarados o confundidos por la heterogeneidad de las unidades experimentales a las cuales se asignan los tratamientos de interés. Es por ello que el diseño en bloques completos con tratamientos aleatorizados DBA se considera mas eficiente que el diseño completamente al azar (DCA) para controlar la variabilidad del material experimental. Generalmente, el número de bloques es igual al número de tratamientos. El adjetivo "completos" se refiere a que todos los tratamientos aparecen representados en cada uno de los bloques del experimento. Este diseño ofrece menos grados de libertad para estimar el error, comparado con el DCA, esta reducción se debe a los grados de libertad necesarios para estimar el efecto de bloques. Es por ello que debe existir una razón real de bloqueo para usar este diseño, es decir entre mayor sea la variabilidad entre bloques más eficiente será el diseño para detectar diferencias entre tratamientos.