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Ácidos y bases: El misterio de los H+ 
• Llego el momento de emprender el viaje hacia la comprensión de 
los ácido y bases, deberás preparar tu mente y espíritu para tomar 
el desafío, pero al final obtendrás la comprensión y el dominio de 
estas complicadas artes. Para prepararte es necesario que análisis 
los principios básicos y para esto debes ir a: 
– http://ciencianet.com/acidobase.html 
– http://catedras.quimica.unlp.edu.ar/correlacion/Info_Promo/Material%2 
0Complementario/Diapos/Naturales/AcidosyBasesNaturales_1a_parte.p 
df 
– http://www.slideshare.net/rogupre/cidos-y-bases-5638986
Para ingresar a esta misión 
deberás descifrar el acertijo 
que se te presenta, para esto 
identifica el carácter de cada 
una de los artículos y con las 
iniciales de estas palabras (A
Contraseña :_ _ 
_ _ _ _ @
Ácidos 
Fuerza Ácido Base conjugada Ka pKa 
ácidos 
fuertes 
Ka > 55,55 
HClO4 ClO4 
- - - 
HCl, HBr, HI Cl-, Br-, I- - - 
HNO3 NO3 
- - - 
H2SO4 HSO4 
- - - 
H3O+ H2O 55,55 -1,74 
ácidos 
semifuertes 
55,55 > Ka > 10-4 
HIO3 IO3 
- 1,9.10-1 0,72 
H2SO3 HSO3 
- 1,7.10-2 1,77 
HSO4 
- SO4 
-2 1,2.10-2 1,92 
HClO2 ClO2 
- 1,0.10-2 2,00 
H3PO4 H2PO4 
- 7,5.10-3 2,12 
HCOOH HCOO- 1,8.10-4 3,74 
ácidos 
débiles 
10-4 > Ka > 10-10 
CH3COOH CH3COO- 1,8.10-5 4,74 
H2CO3 HCO3 
- 4,3.10-7 6,37 
HS HS- 9,1.10-8 7,04 
2HPO- HPO-2 6,2.10-8 7,21 
24 
4 
NH4 
+ NH3 5,6.10-10 9,25 
HCN CN- 4,9.10-10 9,31 
ácidos 
muy débiles 
Ka < 10-10 
HCO3 
- CO3 
-2 6,0.10-11 10,22 
HIO IO- 1,0.10-11 11,00 
HPO-2 PO4 
4 
-3 4,8.10-13 12,32 
HS- S-2 1,0.10-13 13,00 
H2O OH- 1,8.10-16 15,74
Bases 
Fuerza Base Ácido conjugado Kb pKb 
Bases 
fuertes 
Li(OH), K(OH) Li+ , K+ - - 
Na(OH) Na+ - - 
Ca(OH)2 Ca+2 - - 
Ba(OH)2 Ba+2 - - 
bases 
débiles 
CO3 
-2 HCO3 
- 1,7.10-4 3,77 
CN- HCN 2,0. 10-5 4,69 
NH3 NH4 
+ 1,8. 10-5 4,75 
N2H4 N2H5 
+ 9,0. 10-7 6,05 
bases 
muy débiles 
NH3OH NH3OH+ 1,0. 10-9 9,00 
C6H5NH2 C6H5NH3 
+ 3,8. 10-10 9,42

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àCidos y bases

  • 1.
  • 2. Ácidos y bases: El misterio de los H+ • Llego el momento de emprender el viaje hacia la comprensión de los ácido y bases, deberás preparar tu mente y espíritu para tomar el desafío, pero al final obtendrás la comprensión y el dominio de estas complicadas artes. Para prepararte es necesario que análisis los principios básicos y para esto debes ir a: – http://ciencianet.com/acidobase.html – http://catedras.quimica.unlp.edu.ar/correlacion/Info_Promo/Material%2 0Complementario/Diapos/Naturales/AcidosyBasesNaturales_1a_parte.p df – http://www.slideshare.net/rogupre/cidos-y-bases-5638986
  • 3. Para ingresar a esta misión deberás descifrar el acertijo que se te presenta, para esto identifica el carácter de cada una de los artículos y con las iniciales de estas palabras (A
  • 4.
  • 5. Contraseña :_ _ _ _ _ _ @
  • 6. Ácidos Fuerza Ácido Base conjugada Ka pKa ácidos fuertes Ka > 55,55 HClO4 ClO4 - - - HCl, HBr, HI Cl-, Br-, I- - - HNO3 NO3 - - - H2SO4 HSO4 - - - H3O+ H2O 55,55 -1,74 ácidos semifuertes 55,55 > Ka > 10-4 HIO3 IO3 - 1,9.10-1 0,72 H2SO3 HSO3 - 1,7.10-2 1,77 HSO4 - SO4 -2 1,2.10-2 1,92 HClO2 ClO2 - 1,0.10-2 2,00 H3PO4 H2PO4 - 7,5.10-3 2,12 HCOOH HCOO- 1,8.10-4 3,74 ácidos débiles 10-4 > Ka > 10-10 CH3COOH CH3COO- 1,8.10-5 4,74 H2CO3 HCO3 - 4,3.10-7 6,37 HS HS- 9,1.10-8 7,04 2HPO- HPO-2 6,2.10-8 7,21 24 4 NH4 + NH3 5,6.10-10 9,25 HCN CN- 4,9.10-10 9,31 ácidos muy débiles Ka < 10-10 HCO3 - CO3 -2 6,0.10-11 10,22 HIO IO- 1,0.10-11 11,00 HPO-2 PO4 4 -3 4,8.10-13 12,32 HS- S-2 1,0.10-13 13,00 H2O OH- 1,8.10-16 15,74
  • 7. Bases Fuerza Base Ácido conjugado Kb pKb Bases fuertes Li(OH), K(OH) Li+ , K+ - - Na(OH) Na+ - - Ca(OH)2 Ca+2 - - Ba(OH)2 Ba+2 - - bases débiles CO3 -2 HCO3 - 1,7.10-4 3,77 CN- HCN 2,0. 10-5 4,69 NH3 NH4 + 1,8. 10-5 4,75 N2H4 N2H5 + 9,0. 10-7 6,05 bases muy débiles NH3OH NH3OH+ 1,0. 10-9 9,00 C6H5NH2 C6H5NH3 + 3,8. 10-10 9,42