Raul Suarez de miguel OCDE
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Este documento discute la necesidad de ir más allá del PIB para medir el desarrollo de manera más completa. El desarrollo involucra factores ambientales, sociales y económicos, no solo la economía. Se necesitan nuevas métricas que consideren la equidad, el bienestar y la sustentabilidad. La OCDE está trabajando en ampliar las mediciones para incluir dimensiones como la calidad de vida, el bienestar subjetivo y los impactos ambientales, a fin de informar mejor las políticas y lograr un desarrollo más integral.
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Raul Suarez de miguel OCDE
- 1. 1 Medir el Desarrollo: equidad, bienestar y progreso social Raul Suarez de Miguel, OCDE Encuentro en México 2010 Ciudad de México, 19-22 de octubre de 2010
- 2. 2 Qué es el desarrollo? Environmen t Society Economy
- 3. 3 Qué es el desarrollo? Environmen t Economy Society
- 4. 4 Qué es el desarrollo? Environment Society Economy
- 5. 5 Medir para conocer Mas allá de la economía: múltiples factores de desarrollo. Nuevas perspectivas de observación dan lugar a nuevos conocimientos. Nuevos conocimientos dan lugar a nuevos cuestionamientos. Nuestra visión del desarrollo se enriquece pero es también mucho mas compleja.
- 6. 6
- 7. 7 Una brecha creciente entre los indicadores y la percepción popular La imagen del progreso que dan los indicadores oficiales no corresponde a la percepción que tiene la gente de sus propias condiciones de vida. El crecimiento económico ha dado lugar a desigualdades crecientes. El crecimiento económico por si mismo no necesariamente conduce a mejores logros sociales.
- 8. 8 Desigualdades de ingreso (entre 1985 y 2005) Source: Growing Unequal?, OECD 2008
- 9. 9 Policies are based on the assumption that higher GDP translates into better outcomes in other domains. This association does not always hold, e.g. GDP per capita and life expectancy Gaps in GDP per capita and life expectancy at birth between the United States and France
- 10. 10 Ir mas allá del PIB El PIB no es un índice de progreso adecuado porque: Incluye actividades económicas que reducen el bienestar (como el consumo de gasolina que se traduce en emisiones nocivas para el medio ambiente). No incluye todos los recursos (en particular en el caso de los hogares) Excluye muchas dimensiones importantes para el bienestar (salud, educación, condiciones de trabajo, desigualdades, uso del tiempo libre, relaciones sociales, cohesión social, etc.). Ignora los factores de sustentabilidad del bienestar (stocks de capital ambiental, humano y social)
- 11. 11 OECD WORK ON MEASURING PROGRESS
- 12. 12 Ampliar la medición del progreso La Comisión Stiglitz y la OCDE recomiendan: Ampliar la medición de los recursos económicos poniendo mayor énfasis en los recursos de los hogares. Emprender mediciones del bienestar y de la calidad de vida, así como de la equidad/inequidad en la repartición de los factores de bienestar. Producir información que permita evaluar la sustentabilidad del crecimiento, y desarrollar indicadores de impacto de la actividad económica en el medio ambiente. La OCDE ha tomado el liderazgo de esta agenda de trabajo.
- 13. 13
- 14. 14 Bienestar: otra visión del progreso
- 15. 15 Mediciones objetivas y subjetivas Hay que confrontar los datos objetivos sobre la situación económica, social y medioambiental, con datos subjetivos en cuanto a la percepción que tienen los individuos en los diferentes estratos socioeconómicos, su satisfacción y sus frustraciones, sus comportamientos y sus expectativas.
- 16. 16 Riqueza y bienestar subjetivo
- 17. 17 Hacia un circulo virtuoso:
- 18. 18 Conclusión: Mejores mediciones para diseñar mejores políticas para una vida mejor. Muchas gracias por su atención
Notas del editor
- This
- GDP measures mainly market production but it has been increasingly considered as a metric for households’ consumption possibilities and even as a proxy measure of welfare and societal well-being – a purpose for which it is ill-suited. Economic growth, as a key objective of progress, is critically questioned in terms of quality of life and sustainability. Focusing on people’s well-being and societal progress requires looking not only at the functioning of the economic system but also at the diverse experiences and living conditions of people and households.
- GDP measures mainly market production but it has been increasingly considered as a metric for households’ consumption possibilities and even as a proxy measure of welfare and societal well-being – a purpose for which it is ill-suited. Economic growth, as a key objective of progress, is critically questioned in terms of quality of life and sustainability. Focusing on people’s well-being and societal progress requires looking not only at the functioning of the economic system but also at the diverse experiences and living conditions of people and households.
- There is also a general assumption that higher tide lift all boats. Already in the period before the crises, good performances in terms of GDP growth was accompanied, in most countries, by higher income inequalities and, in some countries, by lower income for those at the bottom of distribution. This shows that GDP metrics can’t inform about conditions of different groups of people. The OECD recently issued a report addressing the question: are we growing unequal? Such a question is at the heart of the progress agenda and has to be addressed with appropriate measurement tools, because persisting or growing inequity in income and wealth disrupts social cohesion.
- Policies often predicted on the notion that higher GDP growth will translate into better outcomes in other domains. This association does not always hold. The example given in the table refers to GDP per capita and life expectancy at both between France and the US. It shows that France had higher life expectancy at birth than in the US already in 19790s; and that this advantage has been widening at the same time its GDP per capita relative to the US was falling.
- GDP measures mainly market production but it has been increasingly considered as a metric for households’ consumption possibilities and even as a proxy measure of welfare and societal well-being – a purpose for which it is ill-suited. Economic growth, as a key objective of progress, is critically questioned in terms of quality of life and sustainability. Focusing on people’s well-being and societal progress requires looking not only at the functioning of the economic system but also at the diverse experiences and living conditions of people and households.
- The Global Project will benefit from such a critical momentum for deepening its underlying partnership, consolidating its working streams, expanding its network of networks, and mainstreaming substantive follow-up to the recommendations of the Stiglitz-Sen-Fitoussi Commission. This Commission gathered leading scientists, including five Nobel awarded. My predecessor as OECD Chief Statistician was member of the Commission and senior staff of my Organisation acted as “rapporteurs”.
- GDP measures mainly market production but it has been increasingly considered as a metric for households’ consumption possibilities and even as a proxy measure of welfare and societal well-being – a purpose for which it is ill-suited. Economic growth, as a key objective of progress, is critically questioned in terms of quality of life and sustainability. Focusing on people’s well-being and societal progress requires looking not only at the functioning of the economic system but also at the diverse experiences and living conditions of people and households.
- GDP measures mainly market production but it has been increasingly considered as a metric for households’ consumption possibilities and even as a proxy measure of welfare and societal well-being – a purpose for which it is ill-suited. Economic growth, as a key objective of progress, is critically questioned in terms of quality of life and sustainability. Focusing on people’s well-being and societal progress requires looking not only at the functioning of the economic system but also at the diverse experiences and living conditions of people and households.
- Thrust of the agenda is that better measures can lead to better policies through a virtuous cycle. Improved measures led to new indicators; these indicators facilitate international comparisons; these comparisons lead to greater awareness among policy makers of areas where performance is not satisfactory; these awareness moves some issues to the forefront of the policy agenda leading to detailed policy measures and strategies; which, finally, improve outcomes. What we measure shapes what we collectively strive to pursue. What we pursue determines what we measure.