Problem-based learning is an alternative teaching method that presents students with problems rather than explanations of course content. The teacher introduces an authentic problem for students to solve, requiring them to conduct research and process new information to find a resolution. This student-centered approach encourages independent learning as students take the lead in searching for answers, rather than passively receiving information from the teacher. Problem-based learning shifts the focus from presenting information to providing problems, making students responsible for acquiring new knowledge to solve real-world issues.