Pesent Perfect
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Este documento explica el uso del presente perfecto en inglés. Se forma con el verbo auxiliar "to have" en presente y el participio pasado del verbo principal. Se usa para acciones que ocurrieron en un tiempo no específico antes del presente, como describir experiencias, hablar de cambios a través del tiempo, acciones exitosas, acciones aún no completadas, y acciones en diferentes momentos del pasado.
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VERB TO BE
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4) Various time expressions that can be used with future tense, such as "tomorrow", "next week", and "in 5 minutes". Examples are provided to illustrate the different structures and uses
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Pesent Perfect
- 2. PRESENT PERFECT • Form (Forma) Para formar el presente perfecto, se usa el verbo auxiliar "to have" en el presente y el participio pasado del verbo. Para verbos regulares, el participio pasado es la forma simple del pasado. Subject Auxiliary Short Form Past Participle I, You, We, They Have I've, you've, we've, they've Talked, learned, traveled... He, She, It Has He's, she's, it's Talked, learned, traveled...
- 3. Nota: Ten en cuenta que hay muchos participios pasados irregulares en inglés. A continuación tienes una lista de unos de los participios pasados irregulares más comunes. Verb Past Simple Past Participle Be Was / were Been Do Did Done Go Went Gone Make Made Made See Saw Seen
- 4. • Structure (Estructura) Affirmative Sentences (Frases afirmativas) Estructura: Sujeto + verbo auxiliar ("to have") + participio pasado... Ejemplos: * I've talked to Peter. (He hablado con Peter.) * She's gone to work. (Ha ido a su trabajo.) * We've been to London. (Hemos ido a Londres.) * They've learned English. (Han aprendido inglés.)
- 5. Negative Sentences (Frases negativas) Estructura: Sujeto + verbo auxiliar ("to have") + "not" + participio pasado... Ejemplos: * I haven't talked to Peter. (No he hablado con Peter.) * She hasn't gone to work. (No ha ido a su trabajo.) * We haven't been to London. (No hemos ido a Londres.) * They haven't learned English. (No han aprendido inglés.)
- 6. Interrogative Sentences (Frases interrogativas) Estructura: Verbo auxiliar ("to have") + sujeto + participio pasado...? Ejemplos: * Have you talked to Peter? (¿Has hablado con Peter?) * Has she gone to work? (¿Ha ido a su trabajo?) * Have you been to London? (¿Has ido a Londres?) * Have they learned English? (¿Han aprendido inglés?)
- 7. •Uses (Usos) Se usa el presente perfecto para acciones que ocurrieron en un tiempo no concreto antes de ahora. El tiempo específico no es importante. Por lo tanto, no solemos usar expresiones de tiempo específicas ("this morning", "yesterday", "last year"...) con el presente perfecto. Se puede usar el presente perfecto con expresiones de tiempo no concretas ("never", "ever", "many times", "for", "since", "already", "yet"...). Este concepto de tiempo no específico es bastante difícil de comprender, por este motivo, a continuación tienes los usos particulares del presente perfecto.
- 8. 1. Se usa el presente perfecto para describir una experiencia. No lo usamos para acciones específicas. Ejemplos: * I have never flown in a plane. (Nunca he volado en un avión.) * He has worked in many different museums. (Ha trabajado en muchos museos diferentes.) * We have been to Río de Janeiro. (Hemos ido a Río de Janeiro.) 2. Se utiliza el presente perfecto para un cambio en el tiempo. Ejemplos: * I have become more timid in my old age. (Me he vuelto más tímido en mi vejez.) * Their English has improved a lot this year. (Su inglés ha mejorado mucho este año.) * He has learned to be more patient. (Ha aprendido a ser más paciente.)
- 9. 3. Se usa para los exitosos. Ejemplos: * Our football team has won the championship three times. (Nuestro equipo de fútbol ha ganado el campeonato tres veces.) * Dan has finished writing his first novel. (Dan ha terminado de escribir su primera novela.) 4. Usamos el presente perfecto para acciones que todavía no han sucedido. Estos casos indica que aún estamos esperando la acción, por eso, frecuentemente usamos los adverbios "yet" y "still". Ejemplos: * The plane hasn't arrived yet. (El avión no ha llegado todavía.) * Our team still hasn't won a championship. (Nuestro equipo aún no ha ganado un campeonato.) * You haven't finished your homework yet? (¿No has acabado todavía los deberes?)
- 10. 5. Se utiliza para hablar sobre acciones en diferentes momentos en el pasado. Ejemplos: * We have spoken several times, but we still can't reach an agreement. (Hemos hablado varias veces, pero todavía no podemos llegar a un acuerdo.) * Our team has played 4 games so far this year. (Nuestro equipo ya ha jugado 4 partidos este año.) 6. En general, usamos el presente perfecto continuo para situaciones que han empezado en el pasado pero siguen en el presente. Pero como hemos visto, hay unos verbos que no podemos usar en los tiempos continuos. En estos casos, usamos el presente perfecto. Ejemplos: * How long has Michael been in Barcelona? (¿Cuánto tiempo ha estado Michael en Barcelona?) * I have loved you since the day I met you. (Te he querido desde el día que te conocí.)