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ECUACIONES DE ECONOMÍA
La siguiente información se refiere a la economía abierta de un país:
1. Considere el siguiente modelo IS – LM:
C = 200 + 0.95 Yd
I = 150 – 1000i
Yd = Y - T
G = 750
T = 200
L = 0.2Y – 8000i
M/P = 1600
Donde i es la tasa de interés
a) Halle las ecuaciones correspondientes a las curvas IS y LM.
IS: Y = C + I + G
Y = 200 + 0.95Yd + 150 – 1000i + 750
Y = 1100 + 0.95 (Y – T) – 1000i
Y = 1100 + 0.95 (Y – 200) – 1000i
Y = 1100 + 0.95Y – 0.95 (200) – 1000i
Y = 1100 + 0.95Y – 190 – 1000i
Y – 0.95Y = 910 – 1000i
0.05Y = 910 – 1000i
Y = (910/0.05) – 1000i/0.05
IS:
LM: L = 0.2Y – 8000i
1600 = 0.2Y – 8000i
0.2Y = 8000i + 1600
Y = 40000i + 8000
40000i = Y - 8000
LM:
Y = 18200 – 20000i
i = 0.00003Y – 0.2
b) Halle la producción y tasa de interés de equilibrio. Grafique. Halle los
valores de equilibrio de C e I.
Sabemos que: Y = 18200 – 20000i ⋀ i = 0.00003Y – 0.2
Ahora reemplazamos
Y = 18200 – 20000 (0.00003Y – 0.2)
Y = 18200 – 0.6Y + 4000
Y + 0.6Y = 22200
1.6Y = 22200
Y = 22200/1.6
PRODUCCIÓN
i = 0.00003Y – 0.2
i = 0.00003 (13875) – 0.2
i = 0.41625 – 0.2
TASA DE INTERÉS
C = 200 + 0.95Yd
C = 200 + 0.95 (Y – T)
C = 200 + 0.95 (13875 – 200)
C = 200 + 0.95 (13675)
C = 200 + 12991.25
C = 13191.25
I = 150 – 1000i
I = 150 – 1000 (0.21625)
I = 150 – 216.25
I = - 66.25
c) Suponga ahora que la oferta monetaria aumenta a M/P = 1840. Halle Y,
i, C e I y explique los efectos de esta política monetaria expansiva.
Utilice gráficos.
Y = 13875
i = 0.21625
IS: Y = 18200 – 20000i
LM: L = 0.2Y – 8000i
1840 = 0.2Y – 8000i
0.2Y = 1840 + 8000i
Y = 9200 + 40000i
40000i = Y – 9200
i = 0.00003Y - 0.23
AHORA HALLAMOS Y:
Y = 18200 – 20000i
Y = 18200 – 20000 (0.00003Y - 0.23)
Y = 18200 – 0.6Y + 4600
Y + 0.6Y = 22800
1.6 Y = 22800
Y = 22800/ 1.6
HALLAMOS i:
i = 0.00003Y - 0.23
i = 0.00003 (14250) – 0.23
i = 0.4275 – 0.23
C = 200 + 0.95Yd
C = 200 + 0.95 (Y – T)
C = 200 + 0.95 (14250 – 200)
C = 200 + 0.95 (14050)
C = 200 + 13347.5
INVERSIÓN: I = 150 – 1000i
Y = 14250
i = 0.1975
C = 13547.5
I = 150 – 1000 (0.1975)
I = 150 – 197.5
d) Suponga de nuevo que M/P = 1,600 y que el gasto público disminuye a
G = 200. Resuma los efectos que produce una política fiscal recesiva en
Y, i y C. Utilice gráficos.
IS: Y = C + I + G
Y = 200 + 0.95Yd + 150 – 1000i + 200
Y = 550 + 0.95 (Y – T) – 1000i
Y = 550 + 0.95 (Y – 200) – 1000i
Y = 550 + 0.95Y – 0.95 (200) – 1000i
Y = 550 + 0.95Y – 190 – 1000i
Y – 0.95Y = 360 – 1000i
0.05Y = 360 – 1000i
Y = (360/0.05) – 1000i/0.05
LM: i = 0.00003Y – 0.2
AHORA REEMPLAZAMOS
Y = 7200 – 20000i
Y = 7200 – 20000 (0.00003Y – 0.2)
Y = 7200 – 0.6Y + 4000
Y + 0.6Y = 11200
1.6Y = 11200
Y = 11200/1.6
i = 0.00003Y – 0.2
i = 0.00003 (7000) – 0.2
i = 0.21 – 0.2
C = 200 + 0.95Yd
C = 200 + 0.95 (Y – T)
I = - 47.5
Y = 7200 – 20000i
Y = 7000
i = 0.01
C = 200 + 0.95 (7000 – 200)
C = 200 + 0.95 (6800)
C = 200 + 6460
2. Se tiene el siguiente sistema IS – LM
C = 0.8Yd + 100
I = 0.1 Yd – 8i + 114
T = 0.3 Y + 10
Yd = Y – T
Y = C + I + G
L = 0.25Y – 10i + 250
G = 200 millones de US$
M/P = 150 millones de US$
Donde i es la tasa de interés
a) Determine las ecuaciones de las curvas IS y LM. Grafique el equilibrio
de esta economía.
IS: Y = C + I + G
Y = 0.8Yd +100+ 0.1Yd - 8i + 114+200
Y = 0.9 (Y – T) + 414 – 8i
Y = 0.9 [Y – (0.3Y + 10)] +414 – 8i
Y = 0.9 (Y – 0.3Y – 10) +414 – 8i
Y = 0.9 (0.7Y – 10) + 414 – 8i
Y= 0.63Y – 9 +414 – 8i
Y – 0.63Y = 405 – 8i
0.37Y = 405 – 8i
LM: L = 0.25Y – 10i + 250
150 = 0.25Y – 10i + 250
10i = 0.25Y + 250 – 150
10i = 0.25Y + 100
C = 6660
Y = 1094.59 – 21.62i
i = 0.025Y + 10
b) Halle el equilibrio general de esta economía. Es decir determine las
soluciones para las siguientes variables: Y, C, I, T, Yd, S (ahorro = Y – C
- T), i y Déficit Fiscal (T – G)
• Y = 1094.59 – 21.62i
Y = 1094.59 – 21.62 (0.025Y + 10)
Y = 1094.59 – 0.54Y – 216.2
1.54Y = 878.39
• i = 0.025Y + 10
i = 0.025 (570.38) +10
i = 14.26 + 10
• C = 0.8Yd + 100
C = 0.8 (Y – T) + 100
C = 0.8 [570.38 – (0.3Y + 10)] + 100
C = 0.8 [570.38 – 0.3 (570.38) – 10] + 100
C = 0.8 [570.38 – 171.114 – 10] + 100
C = 0.8 (389.266) + 100
C = 311.41 + 100
• I = 0.1Yd – 8i + 114
I = 0.1 (Y – T) – 8 (24.26) + 114
I = 0.1 [570.38 – (0.3Y + 10)] – 194.08 + 114
I = 0.1 [570.38 – 0.3 (570.38) – 10] – 80.08
I = 0.1 (560.38 – 171.114) – 80.08
I = 0.1 (389.266) – 80.08
I = 38.93 – 80.08
• T = 0.3Y + 10
Y = 570.38
i = 24.26
C = 411.41
I = - 41.15
T = 0.3 (570.38) + 10
T = 171.114 + 10
• Yd = Y – T
Yd = 570.38 – 181.114
• S = Y – C – T
S = 570.38 – 411.41 – 181.114
• DEFICIT FISCAL = T – G
DEFICIT FISCAL = 181.114 – 200
T = 181.114
Yd = 389.266
22.144
= - 18.886

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Ecuaciones de economía

  • 1. ECUACIONES DE ECONOMÍA La siguiente información se refiere a la economía abierta de un país: 1. Considere el siguiente modelo IS – LM: C = 200 + 0.95 Yd I = 150 – 1000i Yd = Y - T G = 750 T = 200 L = 0.2Y – 8000i M/P = 1600 Donde i es la tasa de interés a) Halle las ecuaciones correspondientes a las curvas IS y LM. IS: Y = C + I + G Y = 200 + 0.95Yd + 150 – 1000i + 750 Y = 1100 + 0.95 (Y – T) – 1000i Y = 1100 + 0.95 (Y – 200) – 1000i Y = 1100 + 0.95Y – 0.95 (200) – 1000i Y = 1100 + 0.95Y – 190 – 1000i Y – 0.95Y = 910 – 1000i 0.05Y = 910 – 1000i Y = (910/0.05) – 1000i/0.05 IS: LM: L = 0.2Y – 8000i 1600 = 0.2Y – 8000i 0.2Y = 8000i + 1600 Y = 40000i + 8000 40000i = Y - 8000 LM: Y = 18200 – 20000i i = 0.00003Y – 0.2
  • 2. b) Halle la producción y tasa de interés de equilibrio. Grafique. Halle los valores de equilibrio de C e I. Sabemos que: Y = 18200 – 20000i ⋀ i = 0.00003Y – 0.2 Ahora reemplazamos Y = 18200 – 20000 (0.00003Y – 0.2) Y = 18200 – 0.6Y + 4000 Y + 0.6Y = 22200 1.6Y = 22200 Y = 22200/1.6 PRODUCCIÓN i = 0.00003Y – 0.2 i = 0.00003 (13875) – 0.2 i = 0.41625 – 0.2 TASA DE INTERÉS C = 200 + 0.95Yd C = 200 + 0.95 (Y – T) C = 200 + 0.95 (13875 – 200) C = 200 + 0.95 (13675) C = 200 + 12991.25 C = 13191.25 I = 150 – 1000i I = 150 – 1000 (0.21625) I = 150 – 216.25 I = - 66.25 c) Suponga ahora que la oferta monetaria aumenta a M/P = 1840. Halle Y, i, C e I y explique los efectos de esta política monetaria expansiva. Utilice gráficos. Y = 13875 i = 0.21625
  • 3. IS: Y = 18200 – 20000i LM: L = 0.2Y – 8000i 1840 = 0.2Y – 8000i 0.2Y = 1840 + 8000i Y = 9200 + 40000i 40000i = Y – 9200 i = 0.00003Y - 0.23 AHORA HALLAMOS Y: Y = 18200 – 20000i Y = 18200 – 20000 (0.00003Y - 0.23) Y = 18200 – 0.6Y + 4600 Y + 0.6Y = 22800 1.6 Y = 22800 Y = 22800/ 1.6 HALLAMOS i: i = 0.00003Y - 0.23 i = 0.00003 (14250) – 0.23 i = 0.4275 – 0.23 C = 200 + 0.95Yd C = 200 + 0.95 (Y – T) C = 200 + 0.95 (14250 – 200) C = 200 + 0.95 (14050) C = 200 + 13347.5 INVERSIÓN: I = 150 – 1000i Y = 14250 i = 0.1975 C = 13547.5
  • 4. I = 150 – 1000 (0.1975) I = 150 – 197.5 d) Suponga de nuevo que M/P = 1,600 y que el gasto público disminuye a G = 200. Resuma los efectos que produce una política fiscal recesiva en Y, i y C. Utilice gráficos. IS: Y = C + I + G Y = 200 + 0.95Yd + 150 – 1000i + 200 Y = 550 + 0.95 (Y – T) – 1000i Y = 550 + 0.95 (Y – 200) – 1000i Y = 550 + 0.95Y – 0.95 (200) – 1000i Y = 550 + 0.95Y – 190 – 1000i Y – 0.95Y = 360 – 1000i 0.05Y = 360 – 1000i Y = (360/0.05) – 1000i/0.05 LM: i = 0.00003Y – 0.2 AHORA REEMPLAZAMOS Y = 7200 – 20000i Y = 7200 – 20000 (0.00003Y – 0.2) Y = 7200 – 0.6Y + 4000 Y + 0.6Y = 11200 1.6Y = 11200 Y = 11200/1.6 i = 0.00003Y – 0.2 i = 0.00003 (7000) – 0.2 i = 0.21 – 0.2 C = 200 + 0.95Yd C = 200 + 0.95 (Y – T) I = - 47.5 Y = 7200 – 20000i Y = 7000 i = 0.01
  • 5. C = 200 + 0.95 (7000 – 200) C = 200 + 0.95 (6800) C = 200 + 6460 2. Se tiene el siguiente sistema IS – LM C = 0.8Yd + 100 I = 0.1 Yd – 8i + 114 T = 0.3 Y + 10 Yd = Y – T Y = C + I + G L = 0.25Y – 10i + 250 G = 200 millones de US$ M/P = 150 millones de US$ Donde i es la tasa de interés a) Determine las ecuaciones de las curvas IS y LM. Grafique el equilibrio de esta economía. IS: Y = C + I + G Y = 0.8Yd +100+ 0.1Yd - 8i + 114+200 Y = 0.9 (Y – T) + 414 – 8i Y = 0.9 [Y – (0.3Y + 10)] +414 – 8i Y = 0.9 (Y – 0.3Y – 10) +414 – 8i Y = 0.9 (0.7Y – 10) + 414 – 8i Y= 0.63Y – 9 +414 – 8i Y – 0.63Y = 405 – 8i 0.37Y = 405 – 8i LM: L = 0.25Y – 10i + 250 150 = 0.25Y – 10i + 250 10i = 0.25Y + 250 – 150 10i = 0.25Y + 100 C = 6660 Y = 1094.59 – 21.62i i = 0.025Y + 10
  • 6. b) Halle el equilibrio general de esta economía. Es decir determine las soluciones para las siguientes variables: Y, C, I, T, Yd, S (ahorro = Y – C - T), i y Déficit Fiscal (T – G) • Y = 1094.59 – 21.62i Y = 1094.59 – 21.62 (0.025Y + 10) Y = 1094.59 – 0.54Y – 216.2 1.54Y = 878.39 • i = 0.025Y + 10 i = 0.025 (570.38) +10 i = 14.26 + 10 • C = 0.8Yd + 100 C = 0.8 (Y – T) + 100 C = 0.8 [570.38 – (0.3Y + 10)] + 100 C = 0.8 [570.38 – 0.3 (570.38) – 10] + 100 C = 0.8 [570.38 – 171.114 – 10] + 100 C = 0.8 (389.266) + 100 C = 311.41 + 100 • I = 0.1Yd – 8i + 114 I = 0.1 (Y – T) – 8 (24.26) + 114 I = 0.1 [570.38 – (0.3Y + 10)] – 194.08 + 114 I = 0.1 [570.38 – 0.3 (570.38) – 10] – 80.08 I = 0.1 (560.38 – 171.114) – 80.08 I = 0.1 (389.266) – 80.08 I = 38.93 – 80.08 • T = 0.3Y + 10 Y = 570.38 i = 24.26 C = 411.41 I = - 41.15
  • 7. T = 0.3 (570.38) + 10 T = 171.114 + 10 • Yd = Y – T Yd = 570.38 – 181.114 • S = Y – C – T S = 570.38 – 411.41 – 181.114 • DEFICIT FISCAL = T – G DEFICIT FISCAL = 181.114 – 200 T = 181.114 Yd = 389.266 22.144 = - 18.886