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From Shamans to
Surgeons
The emerging new business model for digital
printing
2009
Javier G. Recuenco
Before start, two questions
How many of you have attended a
conference on the advantages of the use of
personalization in printing in the last five
years?
Agosto de 2008
How many of you are satisfied with the
commercial results obtained from the
translation of such conclusions to
your day-to-day work?
My opinion on personalized digital printing?
Infinite potential
Personalization issues : Trivialities and inaccuracies
There’s not an academic corpus of reference
Underutilized
Too stuck in the “comfort zone”
Agosto de 2008
Too stuck in the “comfort zone”
ICEBERG
I cry for every penny lost
Agosto de 2008
The efforts
Agosto de 2008
The Marketing drift
Agosto de 2008
Art Commercial
Show me the money!!!
Agosto de 2008
Where does the game get jammed?
Agosto de 2008
Let’s check the midfielders
Which is the
reason we
cannot make the
midfield work as
intended?
Agosto de 2008
Scenario
Agosto de 2008
Personalized marketing is sick
Agosto de 2008
With a little bit of imagination
Agosto de 2008
The Marketing drift, revisited
Art Science
Agosto de 2008
Art Science
http://sethgodin.typepad.com/seths_blog/2
009/05/is-marketing-an-art-or-a-
science.html
The bottom line
Agosto de 2008
La Percepción
Agosto de 2008
La realidad
Agosto de 2008
Is this a profile?
Agosto de 2008
A sistematic approach to profiling
Agosto de 2008
There Ain't No Such Thing As A Free Lunch
There Ain't No Such Thing As A sneaked profile
Agosto de 2008
...unless, of course you belong to
Agosto de 2008
Trivial Use = Trivial Impact
Some shocking conclusions derived from our current studies
so far:
Over the total of relevant attributes (The ones who really have
an impact on the purchase process) used on a customer
model, sociodemographic data (The ones ussually available
and therefore the most used in segmentations) only
contribute with a 15%
Agosto de 2008
contribute with a 15%
Databases do not hold the needed information for generated
clusters being of any use, and they simply have value
against no segmentation, but they are clearly suboptimal.
Causing a smile is not the same than causing a durable
commercial impact. And loses effectivity with time.
Bring the contextual to the table
Usuario
Perfil
Atributos
Contextuales
Atributos que
identifican
macrotendencias
consolidadas o datos
Segmento
Segmento Protocolo
Asociado
A Segmento
Segmento de
valor vigente
Preselecciona
Dispara
Determina la pertenencia
SNAPSHOT:
Datos capturados de
un cliente en una
interacción con NH
Datos de perfil
Datos
Contextuales
Actualiza
Determina
Segmentaciones de Valor
Valoración
Parcial
Valoraciones Globales o
Ponderadas
Determina
Valoración
Parcial
Valoración
Parcial
Valoración
Parcial
Protocolo final a
aplicar
Protocolos
híbridos /
combinacionales
Puede disparar
Agosto de 2008
Repositorio de
Protocolos de Actuación
Usuario
Guia de Segmentación
Contextual
Contextuales
Atributos que
identifican tendencias
puntuales
consolidadas
Snapshot timeline
(Atributos
Contextuales)
Infiere
Genera
Contexto
Protocolo
Asociado a
ContextoPreselecciona
Taxonomía Contextual
Condicionantes
Contextuales
Dimensión
Principal
Contexto Posible
Contexto Posible
Contexto Posible
Contexto con sentido
de negocio
Contexto con sentido
de negocio
Limita
Genera
Potencialmente
Puede generar
Transiciones dinámicas
Contexto
Vigente
ESCENARIO B:
Segmentos de Valor no
preeminentes
Tuning Chart
Agosto de 2008
Step by Step
ABSOLUTE UNKNOWN
Behavioral / Semantic, Second degree
Clustering
Sociodemographic knowledge
Trivial Knowledge / Semantic, first degree
Agosto de 2008
MIND READING
Behavioral / Semantic, Second degree
Emotional, contextual and attitudinal knowledge with value in terms of taking
commercial decisions
Emotional, Contextual and Attitudinal Knowledge
Personal Privacy Aspects
A non-formal definition?
Harry S. Stamper (Bruce Willis), Armageddon, on
drilling:
“Drilling is an art. It has been running in my family for
generations. I have dedicated 28 years of my career
to it and I am still learning.”
It basically involves getting something pretty much
simple and intuitive (The capacity of adapting our
Agosto de 2008
simple and intuitive (The capacity of adapting our
product/service to customer needs in every
moment) which in truth, demands a lot of know how
and a bunch of different disciplines involved, as
we will see later.
There’s much more unwritten than written about
personalization.
The case for personalization
LAW OF OFFER AND DEMAND
Agosto de 2008
“There’s no such things as mature business, there are
business who have not applied personalization”
Pascual Montañés, IE professor
Does it have economic sense?
There’s a lot of money in democratizing
goods/products/services which were initially
available just for a chosen elite
Service democratization -> Low cost
Tourism democratization -> Globalia
Agosto de 2008
Tourism democratization -> Globalia
Hotel Quality democratization -> NH hoteles
Democratized access to differentiated and exclusive
Product / Services -> PERSONALIZATION
Which is MKT Holy Grail?
RELEVANCE
• We are consumers
• They are not offering us drugs or arms
What sets apart success from failure is that what we
are being told concerns us, and as a bonus, that
Agosto de 2008
are being told concerns us, and as a bonus, that
reaches us in the precise moment and through the
most adequate channel as possible
That’s the wet , secret dream of every MKT director
worldwide
An Example
Creating a TRIVIAL RELEVANCE
Balanced Recommenders: 10x money generated by
GOOGLE on next 10 years
Killer app of MKT, XXI century: TARGETED AND
PERSONALIZED ADVERTISING
Agosto de 2008
PERSONALIZED ADVERTISING
What about the ad agency?
Ad agencies have its own problems at the time being:
"Ahora mismo estamos perdidos, igual que el resto de colectivos de este
país", reconoce Segarra. [ ] "Fundamentalmente, se está
transformando el modelo de negocio", observa Segarra. "Estamos
pasando de una etapa donde accedíamos a un público masivo a otra
donde la audiencia se dispersa y fragmenta". Mancebo precisa otro
importante detalle: "Cambia el modelo de negocio porque ahora el
consumidor tiene voz. Nos replica, y de forma inmediata".
El Mundo, Reflexiones de los creativos españoles más importantes,
27/04/2009
Agosto de 2008
27/04/2009
Q: ¿Pero realmente hay un modelo de negocio en Internet? ¿Se puede
ganar dinero?
JLC: Se sabe cómo ganar, y hay algunos que lo hacen, pero los
márgenes son muy inferiores; y ése es el drama. Un site informativo
de éxito en Internet tiene márgenes de explotación del 4%. Un
periódico o una radio tiene un margen del 25% o del 30%. Es
imposible competir, pagar bien la mano de obra intelectual, enviar
corresponsales... Todos los modelos están montados respecto a un
sistema del pasado. Vivimos un cambio de modelo, no una crisis
Esquire, entrevista a Juan Luis Cebrián, 27/4/2009
What’s personalization?
A continuous process of
customer knowledge and
portfolio modulation that
allows us to suggest him
a personalized offer, in an
adequate communication
Agosto de 2008
adequate communication
context, with an objective of
achieving a state of
Commercial Intimacy
abypersonalize, 2003
Commercial Intimacy?
A final state, aspired by a
company with respect to their
customer, in such a way that
there’s enough knowledge,
prudence and trust for both
sides, and therefore there are no
Agosto de 2008
sides, and therefore there are no
commercial interactions which
turn out annoying, unsatisfactory
or just plain useless
abypersonalize, 2003
What’s the role of paper on this maelstrom?
Agosto de 2008
Let’s read the right way
Agosto de 2008
One idea: Transpromo
The idea is simply wonderful
Thousands of communications,
periodic, relevant and stored
Infinite potential for personalization
Agosto de 2008
The problem
Who in hell knows what makes this tick?
What works and what not?
Show me the money!
Agosto de 2008
The Industry need
Create expertise centers
Focus in awareness creation
Let’s desmitify
Let’s pilot the industry transition
Agosto de 2008
The Solution
1to1 Labs (Xerox & others)
Competence centers
Innovate
Awards and Symposiums
Traditional printing push to migrate to new
capabilities
Agosto de 2008
capabilities
The Solution’s problem
Agosto de 2008
Orkut
The true solution
Both the
customer and
the agency
cannot
Agosto de 2008
cannot
distribute the
needed game
The true solution
Strategic
Personalization
channels
Digital
Printers
Ad Agency
End
Customer
MKT
Printer
Ad
agency
Agosto de 2008
Personalization
Specialist
Printers
Customer
MKT &
Strategy
Ad Agency
Customer
Sales
Printer
Ad
agency
Ask yourself this question:
Agosto de 2008
Randy Swope, Xerox, 2008
If your answer was
A) A Direct Marketing specialist witn 30 years of experience in the DM sector
B) An Ad agency who has created a “hyperpersonalized” campaign with six
different segments
C) A Marketing professional who has a signed photo with Kotler and 30 years
of experience under his belt
Agosto de 2008
of experience under his belt
D) An specialist in WHAT?
E) A youg MBA
F) A printer who has a vague idea of the word and did once a calendar with
some customer names using XMPIE
G) One of The Dublineers after a whole Guinness rocky night
you’re dead
Agosto de 2008
The Example (I)
Hospitality leading company, 300+ hotels worldwide
Strategic Personalization project
10 years budget, building competitive advantage
around personalization
Horizontal, Cross- department initiative
Agosto de 2008
Horizontal, Cross- department initiative
Effective segment pre-work around half a year
The Example (II)
Impact at EVERY level in the company
Operations
Technology
Infraestructure
Agosto de 2008
Hundreds of personalized services to customer in
different hospitality environments and scenarios
HAS (Helpers, Aids & Services) : Son el conjunto de servicios que se pueden prestar al
cliente, bien para ayudarle en la realización de su cometido principal o para incrementar su
comodidad
ROOM: Todo lo que podemos experimentar en la habitación. Se divide en:
ROOM EXPERIENCE: Lo que llamamos experiencia “out of the box” – Lo que nos
transmite la habitación en los primeros 15-20 minutos de estancia
ROOM PLACEMENT: Dónde y cómo está colocada la habitación
The Example (III)
Agosto de 2008
46
ROOM PLACEMENT: Dónde y cómo está colocada la habitación
ROOM ENTERTAINMENT: Qué me ofrece la habitación en términos de entretenimiento
TREATMENT: Cómo quiere el cliente ser tratado en sus diferentes interacciones con el hotel
FOOD & BEVERAGE: Las preferencias del cliente en términos de bebida/comida
OPERATIONS: Cómo le simplificamos las operaciones clásicas del hotel
NON ROOM ENTERTAINMENT: ¿Qué me puede ofrecer el hotel como experiencia de ocio a
realizar fuera de mi habitación?
Y a todos estos aspectos les colocamos la coletilla “ que a mí me interese y tenga en cuenta
mi perfil y circunstancias en cada estancia”
The Example (III)
Dozens of perks make use of personalized digital
printing
Weather Forecast
Local Informative contents
International press headlines
Agosto de 2008
Ready to carry printed maps
Available preferred TV programming
Potential activities to be done report
Director’s choices report
Digital printing is a key channel in the
whole project, because it’s able to
support personalized, live and leaded
contents.
Translating the concept to transpromo
We need to work with the end customer creating
several needed items
Segmentation
PPM
Value Models
We can add a spark of creativity – as a spice, not as a
Agosto de 2008
We can add a spark of creativity – as a spice, not as a
main dish
IT’S NOT A MECHANISM TO TRANSLATE YOUR
BANNER TO ANOTHER CHANNEL
Tell a story!
Analyze, measure, polish, start all over again
The hard numbers
Average estimated return in direct campaigns with
some kind of basic personalization involved
(sociodemographic, clustering ) compared witn
traditional campaigns : 100-200%
Figures obtained from recent experiences (Tuenti,
Vodafone)
Our stimated return in terms of end to end application
Agosto de 2008
Our stimated return in terms of end to end application
of our methodology and technology built around
personalization :
3,000% as average!
Peaking at 5,000% (Luxury,
Fashion )
Those figures are not tiphographic errors
Conclusions: The needed change
Agosto de 2008
Conclusions: current situation
Agosto de 2008
Conclusions: Innovation
What drives Innovation: NEED
• Cutthroat competence
• Competition a click away
• Brutal price wars
Agosto de 2008
• Brutal price wars
• Paradigm Shift
• “Commoditization” – Pervasive Low-cost
• General Market Maturity
• VCR
Conclusiones: The times they are a changin’
• Media
– TV
– LIFE
– Hachette
– Press
Agosto de 2008
– Record Industry
• Digital Printing Business .
Conclusions: The strongest force in the universe
Agosto de 2008
Conclusions: Do not stick to trivial use
Agosto de 2008
Agosto de 2008
aby
1to1
javier.recuenco@abypersonalize.com

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Uof c crt 3-2010-- big idea_toyota blueprintUof c crt 3-2010-- big idea_toyota blueprint
Uof c crt 3-2010-- big idea_toyota blueprint
 

Xerox dublin javier_recuenco_v24

  • 1. From Shamans to Surgeons The emerging new business model for digital printing 2009 Javier G. Recuenco
  • 2. Before start, two questions How many of you have attended a conference on the advantages of the use of personalization in printing in the last five years? Agosto de 2008 How many of you are satisfied with the commercial results obtained from the translation of such conclusions to your day-to-day work?
  • 3. My opinion on personalized digital printing? Infinite potential Personalization issues : Trivialities and inaccuracies There’s not an academic corpus of reference Underutilized Too stuck in the “comfort zone” Agosto de 2008 Too stuck in the “comfort zone” ICEBERG
  • 4. I cry for every penny lost Agosto de 2008
  • 6. The Marketing drift Agosto de 2008 Art Commercial
  • 7. Show me the money!!! Agosto de 2008
  • 8. Where does the game get jammed? Agosto de 2008
  • 9. Let’s check the midfielders Which is the reason we cannot make the midfield work as intended? Agosto de 2008
  • 11. Personalized marketing is sick Agosto de 2008
  • 12. With a little bit of imagination Agosto de 2008
  • 13. The Marketing drift, revisited Art Science Agosto de 2008 Art Science http://sethgodin.typepad.com/seths_blog/2 009/05/is-marketing-an-art-or-a- science.html
  • 17. Is this a profile? Agosto de 2008
  • 18. A sistematic approach to profiling Agosto de 2008
  • 19. There Ain't No Such Thing As A Free Lunch There Ain't No Such Thing As A sneaked profile Agosto de 2008
  • 20. ...unless, of course you belong to Agosto de 2008
  • 21. Trivial Use = Trivial Impact Some shocking conclusions derived from our current studies so far: Over the total of relevant attributes (The ones who really have an impact on the purchase process) used on a customer model, sociodemographic data (The ones ussually available and therefore the most used in segmentations) only contribute with a 15% Agosto de 2008 contribute with a 15% Databases do not hold the needed information for generated clusters being of any use, and they simply have value against no segmentation, but they are clearly suboptimal. Causing a smile is not the same than causing a durable commercial impact. And loses effectivity with time.
  • 22. Bring the contextual to the table Usuario Perfil Atributos Contextuales Atributos que identifican macrotendencias consolidadas o datos Segmento Segmento Protocolo Asociado A Segmento Segmento de valor vigente Preselecciona Dispara Determina la pertenencia SNAPSHOT: Datos capturados de un cliente en una interacción con NH Datos de perfil Datos Contextuales Actualiza Determina Segmentaciones de Valor Valoración Parcial Valoraciones Globales o Ponderadas Determina Valoración Parcial Valoración Parcial Valoración Parcial Protocolo final a aplicar Protocolos híbridos / combinacionales Puede disparar Agosto de 2008 Repositorio de Protocolos de Actuación Usuario Guia de Segmentación Contextual Contextuales Atributos que identifican tendencias puntuales consolidadas Snapshot timeline (Atributos Contextuales) Infiere Genera Contexto Protocolo Asociado a ContextoPreselecciona Taxonomía Contextual Condicionantes Contextuales Dimensión Principal Contexto Posible Contexto Posible Contexto Posible Contexto con sentido de negocio Contexto con sentido de negocio Limita Genera Potencialmente Puede generar Transiciones dinámicas Contexto Vigente ESCENARIO B: Segmentos de Valor no preeminentes
  • 24. Step by Step ABSOLUTE UNKNOWN Behavioral / Semantic, Second degree Clustering Sociodemographic knowledge Trivial Knowledge / Semantic, first degree Agosto de 2008 MIND READING Behavioral / Semantic, Second degree Emotional, contextual and attitudinal knowledge with value in terms of taking commercial decisions Emotional, Contextual and Attitudinal Knowledge Personal Privacy Aspects
  • 25. A non-formal definition? Harry S. Stamper (Bruce Willis), Armageddon, on drilling: “Drilling is an art. It has been running in my family for generations. I have dedicated 28 years of my career to it and I am still learning.” It basically involves getting something pretty much simple and intuitive (The capacity of adapting our Agosto de 2008 simple and intuitive (The capacity of adapting our product/service to customer needs in every moment) which in truth, demands a lot of know how and a bunch of different disciplines involved, as we will see later. There’s much more unwritten than written about personalization.
  • 26. The case for personalization LAW OF OFFER AND DEMAND Agosto de 2008 “There’s no such things as mature business, there are business who have not applied personalization” Pascual Montañés, IE professor
  • 27. Does it have economic sense? There’s a lot of money in democratizing goods/products/services which were initially available just for a chosen elite Service democratization -> Low cost Tourism democratization -> Globalia Agosto de 2008 Tourism democratization -> Globalia Hotel Quality democratization -> NH hoteles Democratized access to differentiated and exclusive Product / Services -> PERSONALIZATION
  • 28. Which is MKT Holy Grail? RELEVANCE • We are consumers • They are not offering us drugs or arms What sets apart success from failure is that what we are being told concerns us, and as a bonus, that Agosto de 2008 are being told concerns us, and as a bonus, that reaches us in the precise moment and through the most adequate channel as possible That’s the wet , secret dream of every MKT director worldwide
  • 29. An Example Creating a TRIVIAL RELEVANCE Balanced Recommenders: 10x money generated by GOOGLE on next 10 years Killer app of MKT, XXI century: TARGETED AND PERSONALIZED ADVERTISING Agosto de 2008 PERSONALIZED ADVERTISING
  • 30. What about the ad agency? Ad agencies have its own problems at the time being: "Ahora mismo estamos perdidos, igual que el resto de colectivos de este país", reconoce Segarra. [ ] "Fundamentalmente, se está transformando el modelo de negocio", observa Segarra. "Estamos pasando de una etapa donde accedíamos a un público masivo a otra donde la audiencia se dispersa y fragmenta". Mancebo precisa otro importante detalle: "Cambia el modelo de negocio porque ahora el consumidor tiene voz. Nos replica, y de forma inmediata". El Mundo, Reflexiones de los creativos españoles más importantes, 27/04/2009 Agosto de 2008 27/04/2009 Q: ¿Pero realmente hay un modelo de negocio en Internet? ¿Se puede ganar dinero? JLC: Se sabe cómo ganar, y hay algunos que lo hacen, pero los márgenes son muy inferiores; y ése es el drama. Un site informativo de éxito en Internet tiene márgenes de explotación del 4%. Un periódico o una radio tiene un margen del 25% o del 30%. Es imposible competir, pagar bien la mano de obra intelectual, enviar corresponsales... Todos los modelos están montados respecto a un sistema del pasado. Vivimos un cambio de modelo, no una crisis Esquire, entrevista a Juan Luis Cebrián, 27/4/2009
  • 31. What’s personalization? A continuous process of customer knowledge and portfolio modulation that allows us to suggest him a personalized offer, in an adequate communication Agosto de 2008 adequate communication context, with an objective of achieving a state of Commercial Intimacy abypersonalize, 2003
  • 32. Commercial Intimacy? A final state, aspired by a company with respect to their customer, in such a way that there’s enough knowledge, prudence and trust for both sides, and therefore there are no Agosto de 2008 sides, and therefore there are no commercial interactions which turn out annoying, unsatisfactory or just plain useless abypersonalize, 2003
  • 33. What’s the role of paper on this maelstrom? Agosto de 2008
  • 34. Let’s read the right way Agosto de 2008
  • 35. One idea: Transpromo The idea is simply wonderful Thousands of communications, periodic, relevant and stored Infinite potential for personalization Agosto de 2008
  • 36. The problem Who in hell knows what makes this tick? What works and what not? Show me the money! Agosto de 2008
  • 37. The Industry need Create expertise centers Focus in awareness creation Let’s desmitify Let’s pilot the industry transition Agosto de 2008
  • 38. The Solution 1to1 Labs (Xerox & others) Competence centers Innovate Awards and Symposiums Traditional printing push to migrate to new capabilities Agosto de 2008 capabilities
  • 40. The true solution Both the customer and the agency cannot Agosto de 2008 cannot distribute the needed game
  • 41. The true solution Strategic Personalization channels Digital Printers Ad Agency End Customer MKT Printer Ad agency Agosto de 2008 Personalization Specialist Printers Customer MKT & Strategy Ad Agency Customer Sales Printer Ad agency
  • 42. Ask yourself this question: Agosto de 2008 Randy Swope, Xerox, 2008
  • 43. If your answer was A) A Direct Marketing specialist witn 30 years of experience in the DM sector B) An Ad agency who has created a “hyperpersonalized” campaign with six different segments C) A Marketing professional who has a signed photo with Kotler and 30 years of experience under his belt Agosto de 2008 of experience under his belt D) An specialist in WHAT? E) A youg MBA F) A printer who has a vague idea of the word and did once a calendar with some customer names using XMPIE G) One of The Dublineers after a whole Guinness rocky night
  • 45. The Example (I) Hospitality leading company, 300+ hotels worldwide Strategic Personalization project 10 years budget, building competitive advantage around personalization Horizontal, Cross- department initiative Agosto de 2008 Horizontal, Cross- department initiative Effective segment pre-work around half a year
  • 46. The Example (II) Impact at EVERY level in the company Operations Technology Infraestructure Agosto de 2008 Hundreds of personalized services to customer in different hospitality environments and scenarios
  • 47. HAS (Helpers, Aids & Services) : Son el conjunto de servicios que se pueden prestar al cliente, bien para ayudarle en la realización de su cometido principal o para incrementar su comodidad ROOM: Todo lo que podemos experimentar en la habitación. Se divide en: ROOM EXPERIENCE: Lo que llamamos experiencia “out of the box” – Lo que nos transmite la habitación en los primeros 15-20 minutos de estancia ROOM PLACEMENT: Dónde y cómo está colocada la habitación The Example (III) Agosto de 2008 46 ROOM PLACEMENT: Dónde y cómo está colocada la habitación ROOM ENTERTAINMENT: Qué me ofrece la habitación en términos de entretenimiento TREATMENT: Cómo quiere el cliente ser tratado en sus diferentes interacciones con el hotel FOOD & BEVERAGE: Las preferencias del cliente en términos de bebida/comida OPERATIONS: Cómo le simplificamos las operaciones clásicas del hotel NON ROOM ENTERTAINMENT: ¿Qué me puede ofrecer el hotel como experiencia de ocio a realizar fuera de mi habitación? Y a todos estos aspectos les colocamos la coletilla “ que a mí me interese y tenga en cuenta mi perfil y circunstancias en cada estancia”
  • 48. The Example (III) Dozens of perks make use of personalized digital printing Weather Forecast Local Informative contents International press headlines Agosto de 2008 Ready to carry printed maps Available preferred TV programming Potential activities to be done report Director’s choices report Digital printing is a key channel in the whole project, because it’s able to support personalized, live and leaded contents.
  • 49. Translating the concept to transpromo We need to work with the end customer creating several needed items Segmentation PPM Value Models We can add a spark of creativity – as a spice, not as a Agosto de 2008 We can add a spark of creativity – as a spice, not as a main dish IT’S NOT A MECHANISM TO TRANSLATE YOUR BANNER TO ANOTHER CHANNEL Tell a story! Analyze, measure, polish, start all over again
  • 50. The hard numbers Average estimated return in direct campaigns with some kind of basic personalization involved (sociodemographic, clustering ) compared witn traditional campaigns : 100-200% Figures obtained from recent experiences (Tuenti, Vodafone) Our stimated return in terms of end to end application Agosto de 2008 Our stimated return in terms of end to end application of our methodology and technology built around personalization : 3,000% as average! Peaking at 5,000% (Luxury, Fashion ) Those figures are not tiphographic errors
  • 51. Conclusions: The needed change Agosto de 2008
  • 53. Conclusions: Innovation What drives Innovation: NEED • Cutthroat competence • Competition a click away • Brutal price wars Agosto de 2008 • Brutal price wars • Paradigm Shift • “Commoditization” – Pervasive Low-cost • General Market Maturity • VCR
  • 54. Conclusiones: The times they are a changin’ • Media – TV – LIFE – Hachette – Press Agosto de 2008 – Record Industry • Digital Printing Business .
  • 55. Conclusions: The strongest force in the universe Agosto de 2008
  • 56. Conclusions: Do not stick to trivial use Agosto de 2008