Dibujo Técnico

Dr. Ricardo Sosa
rsosa@correo.cua.uam.
450012 Tecnologías Digitales
para el Diseño de los Objetos
Dibujo técnico
• Dibujo y diseño en
ingeniería
• Cecil Jensen
• Jay D. Helsel
• Dennis R. Short
• http://www.mhhe.com/ingeni
eria/jensen6e

Dr. Ricardo Sosa
Manual technical drawings
• Basics of Drafting:
– To fix a piece of paper (different types and formats) on a
drafting table
– A straightedge known as a t-square is then placed on one
of the sides
– Sliding it across the side of the table
– As a tool to hold other devices such as set squares or
triangles
– Some drafting tables are equipped with a parallel rule

Dr. Ricardo Sosa
Drafting table

Dr. Ricardo Sosa
T-square and Set squares

Dr. Ricardo Sosa
French and flexible curves

Dr. Ricardo Sosa
rsosa@correo.cua.uam.mx
450012 Tecnologías Digitales para el
Diseño de los Objetos
• Technical drafting is a slow and laborious process that
requires patience and experience
“In addition to the mechanics of drawing lines onto
a piece of paper, drafting requires an
UNDERSTANDING of geometry and the
professional SKILLS of the designer”

Dr. Ricardo Sosa

Dr. Ricardo Sosa
International paper size standard: ISO 216
• A series:
– Height/width is always the square
root of two (1.4142)
– A0 has an area of one square meter
– All A series formats are defined in
the same way: If you cut format An
parallel to its shorter side into two
equal pieces of paper, these will
have format A(n+1)

Dr. Ricardo Sosa
ISO A and B series
• Width and height of a A1 format
are the arithmetic mean between
A1 and A0
• The arithmetic mean of x and y is
half their sum, (x+y)/2.
• (2+8)/2 = 5
• Half-way between two numbers
by addition
• Width and height of a B1 format
are the geometric mean between
A1 and A0
• The geometric mean of x and y is
the square root of their product,
(xy)1/2
.
• (2*8)0.5
= 4
• Half-way between two numbers
by multiplication

Dr. Ricardo Sosa
ISO A Series ISO B Series
4A0 1682 × 2378 – –
2A0 1189 × 1682 – –
A0 841 × 1189 B0 1000 × 1414
A1 594 × 841 B1 707 × 1000
A2 420 × 594 B2 500 × 707
A3 297 × 420 B3 353 × 500
A4 210 × 297 B4 250 × 353
A5 148 × 210 B5 176 × 250
A6 105 × 148 B6 125 × 176
A7 74 × 105 B7 88 × 125
A8 52 × 74 B8 62 × 88
A9 37 × 52 B9 44 × 62
A10 26 × 37 B10 31 × 44

Dr. Ricardo Sosa
• The United States, Canada, and
Mexico: the ISO standard paper
sizes are not yet widely used
• In office applications:
– Letter: 216 × 279 mm
– Legal: 216 × 356 mm

Dr. Ricardo Sosa
American National Standard
• ANSI: technical drawing paper sizes
– A = 8.5 × 11 inches (216 × 279 mm)
– B = 11 × 17 inches (279 × 432 mm)
– C = 17 × 22 inches (432 × 559 mm)
– D = 22 × 34 inches (559 × 864 mm)
– E = 34 × 44 inches (864 × 1118 mm)
http://www.edsebooks.com/paper

Dr. Ricardo Sosa
Title blocks
• Company/organisation (name,
logo)
• Job title and drawing name
• Drawing number and revision
number
• Projection
• Part number (of #)
• Scale of drawing
• Date
• Drawn by
• Approved by
• Notes
• Revision table
• Bill of parts/materials
• Replaces and replaced by

Dr. Ricardo Sosa
Calidad de línea
• Auxiliares
• De contorno
• De detalle
• De centro
• De cota
• De plano cortante
• De sección
• Del plano de vista
• De ruptura
• Outlines
• Margin lines
• Dimension lines
• Extension or projection lines
• Construction lines
• Hatching or section lines
• Leader or pointer lines
• Break lines
• Hidden or dotted lines
• Centre lines
• Cutting-plane lines

Dr. Ricardo Sosa
• Grados de minas
– 7B, 6B…B
– HB, F
– H, 2H… 6H
• Puntas de lápices
– Cónica, Cuña, Bisel
– 0.3 a 2.0 mm
• Estilógrafos
– 0.1 mm a 1.2 mm

Dr. Ricardo Sosa
• Paper space vs Model space
– Paper dimensions or “real world” dimensions
– Frame in real mm
• Viewports
– Created to show the drawing
– Set the view scale
• Select pen by color
• Save the plot file

Dr. Ricardo Sosa
Conceptos de Dibujo
Vistas

Dr. Ricardo Sosa
Vistas
• Representación ortográfica u
ortogonal
• Selección de vistas
• Número de vistas (1, 2 y 3)
• Vistas auxiliares
• Ejercicios

Dr. Ricardo Sosa
Orthographic projection
• A way to represent a three-dimensional
object in two dimensions
• The appearances of views seem as
projected onto planes that form a
transparent "box" around the object

Dr. Ricardo Sosa
Orthographic projection
• Not all views are
necessary
• What side is the
"front" etc, depends
on the object

Dr. Ricardo Sosa
Tercera Vista

Dr. Ricardo Sosa
Sistema Americano

Dr. Ricardo Sosa
Sistema Europeo

Dr. Ricardo Sosa
Conceptos de Dibujo
Acotación

Dr. Ricardo Sosa
• Unidades
• Reglas básicas
• Ángulos
• Indicaciones y operaciones
• Diámetros y radios
• Símbolos de acabados
• Tolerancias
• Acotación polar

Dr. Ricardo Sosa
Conceptos de Dibujo
Secciones

Dr. Ricardo Sosa
• Línea de plano cortante
• Sección completa, media y desviada
• Rayado de sección

Dr. Ricardo Sosa
Secciones

Dr. Ricardo Sosa

Dr. Ricardo Sosa
Conceptos de Dibujo
Perspectivas

Dr. Ricardo Sosa
• Proyecciones axonométricas: isométrica, dimétrica,
• Proyecciones oblicuas o paralelas
• Proyecciones en perspectiva
– Paralela, dos puntos, tres puntos
• Curvas irregulares en proyección
• Acotación en isométricos

Dr. Ricardo Sosa
Isometric Projection

Dr. Ricardo Sosa
Dimetric Projection

Dr. Ricardo Sosa
Trimetric Projection

Dr. Ricardo Sosa
Oblique or Parallel Projection

Dr. Ricardo Sosa
Perspective

Dr. Ricardo Sosa
CAD projections (3D)
• 3DORBIT
–Parallel Projection
–Perspective

Dr. Ricardo Sosa
Conceptos de Dibujo
Desarrollo de Superficies

Dr. Ricardo Sosa
• Superficies desarrollables
• Operaciones booleanas

Dr. Ricardo Sosa
• http://www.selectividad.tv/dibujo_tecnico.php
• http://www.tamasoft.co.jp/pepakura-en/

Dibujo Técnico

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