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Grammar book
Table of Contents
•   1. Nationalities
•   2. Stem Changers
•   3. Para
•   4. IOP
•   5. Pronoun placement
•   6. Gustar
•   7. Affirmatives/negative words
•   8. Superlatives
•   9. Reflexives
•   10. Affirmative tú commands/irregulars/pronoun placement
•   11. Negative tú commands/irregulars/pronoun placement
•   12. Sequencing events
Nationalities
Stem Changers
          Example                 EI (pedir- to           Eie (pensar- to think)
                                               Nosotros                 Nosotros
     Yo           Nosotros         Yo pido                 Yo pienso
                                               pedimos                  pensamos

                                               Vosotros                 Vosotros
     Tú           Vosotros         Tú pides                Tú piensas
                                                pedís                   pensaís

                                                Uds.                      Uds.
 El/ella/Ud.   Ellos/Ellas/Uds.     El pide                El piensa
                                                piden                   piensan
Uue (jugar- to play)
                                  Oue (dormir-to sleep)
                Nosotros            Yo        Nosotros
Yo juego
                jugamos           duermo      dormimos
                Vosotros             Tú       Vosotros
Tú juegas
                 jugaís           duermes      dormís
                  Uds.              Ud.         Uds.
Ud. juego
                 juegan           duerme      duerman
Para
•
           • Compro los
             regalos para
             mi mama.
    Para   • Yo estudiado
             para la clase
             de español.
IOP

      Me   Nos

      Te   Os

      Le   Les
Pronoun Placement
•   1. Attach the pronoun to the infinitive
•   2. Attach pronoun to a progressive tense
•   3. Attach the pronoun to an affirmative command
•   4. Place the pronoun before a conjugated verb
Gustar
           Me
     Les            Te
           Gustar

     Os             Le
           Nos
Affirmatives/Negatives


  Affirmatives            Negatives
  • Algo (something)      • Nada (nothing)
  • Alguien (someone)     • Nadie (no one)
  • Algún/alguno (same)   • Ningún/ninguno
  • Siempre (always)        (none, not any)
  • También (also)        • Nunca (never)
                          • Tampoco (neither)
Superlativos
                                                Jovencísimo
    Difícil              Difícilísimos/as         /os/a/as
  (doesn’t
 end in N or
     R)
                                            Trabajador
                                            (ends in R)
 Difícilísimo/a                              or joven
                  Trabajadorcísimo          (ends in N)
                      /os/a/as
Me   Nos
Reflexivos
                             Te   Os


   Yo    Yo me lavo          Se   Se


   Tú    Tú te lavas
  Ud.    Ud. se lava
Nosotros Nosotros nos lavamos
Vosotros Vostros os laváis
  Uds.   Uds. se lavan
Affirmative tú
commands/irregulars/pronoun placement
•     DecirDi
•     HacerHaz
•     IrVe
•     PonerPon
•     SalirSal
•     SerSe
•     TenirTen
•     VenirVen


    Tenir   Venir

    Decir    Ir     Salir   Hacer   Estar   Ser
Negative tú commands/irregulars/pronoun
    placement
R
                                               Negative tú
e      Infinitive            Yo Form
g                                              command
u
l   • Hablar           • hablo               • ¡No hables!
a
r
    • volver           • vuelvo              • ¡No vuelvas!

I
r     Infinitive (yo form)        Negative tú command
r
e               Dar                       No le des mí
g              (doy)                   dirección a nadie
u
l
                                        No vayas a la
a           Ir (voy)
                                           tienda
r

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Gramática española esencial: lecciones sobre conjugaciones verbales, pronombres y más

  • 2. Table of Contents • 1. Nationalities • 2. Stem Changers • 3. Para • 4. IOP • 5. Pronoun placement • 6. Gustar • 7. Affirmatives/negative words • 8. Superlatives • 9. Reflexives • 10. Affirmative tú commands/irregulars/pronoun placement • 11. Negative tú commands/irregulars/pronoun placement • 12. Sequencing events
  • 4. Stem Changers Example EI (pedir- to Eie (pensar- to think) Nosotros Nosotros Yo Nosotros Yo pido Yo pienso pedimos pensamos Vosotros Vosotros Tú Vosotros Tú pides Tú piensas pedís pensaís Uds. Uds. El/ella/Ud. Ellos/Ellas/Uds. El pide El piensa piden piensan Uue (jugar- to play) Oue (dormir-to sleep) Nosotros Yo Nosotros Yo juego jugamos duermo dormimos Vosotros Tú Vosotros Tú juegas jugaís duermes dormís Uds. Ud. Uds. Ud. juego juegan duerme duerman
  • 5. Para • • Compro los regalos para mi mama. Para • Yo estudiado para la clase de español.
  • 6. IOP Me Nos Te Os Le Les
  • 7. Pronoun Placement • 1. Attach the pronoun to the infinitive • 2. Attach pronoun to a progressive tense • 3. Attach the pronoun to an affirmative command • 4. Place the pronoun before a conjugated verb
  • 8. Gustar Me Les Te Gustar Os Le Nos
  • 9. Affirmatives/Negatives Affirmatives Negatives • Algo (something) • Nada (nothing) • Alguien (someone) • Nadie (no one) • Algún/alguno (same) • Ningún/ninguno • Siempre (always) (none, not any) • También (also) • Nunca (never) • Tampoco (neither)
  • 10. Superlativos Jovencísimo Difícil Difícilísimos/as /os/a/as (doesn’t end in N or R) Trabajador (ends in R) Difícilísimo/a or joven Trabajadorcísimo (ends in N) /os/a/as
  • 11. Me Nos Reflexivos Te Os Yo Yo me lavo Se Se Tú Tú te lavas Ud. Ud. se lava Nosotros Nosotros nos lavamos Vosotros Vostros os laváis Uds. Uds. se lavan
  • 12. Affirmative tú commands/irregulars/pronoun placement • DecirDi • HacerHaz • IrVe • PonerPon • SalirSal • SerSe • TenirTen • VenirVen Tenir Venir Decir Ir Salir Hacer Estar Ser
  • 13. Negative tú commands/irregulars/pronoun placement R Negative tú e Infinitive Yo Form g command u l • Hablar • hablo • ¡No hables! a r • volver • vuelvo • ¡No vuelvas! I r Infinitive (yo form) Negative tú command r e Dar No le des mí g (doy) dirección a nadie u l No vayas a la a Ir (voy) tienda r