The document discusses the evolution from a just culture to an accountability culture in aviation safety. It outlines some of the commercial pressures that led to safety issues and the need for more formal safety management systems. Key aspects of an accountability culture include shared responsibility, data-driven hazard identification, and clear lines of accountability throughout an organization. Protecting sources of safety information is important to encourage reporting and continuous safety improvement.

1. The Evolution from Just to Accountability Culture Safety expectations at the turn of the XXI Century Captain Gustavo J. Barba Román COPAC deputy president ICAO SMS/SSP instructor

5. A concept of accident causation Activities over which any organization has a reasonable degree of direct control: budget and human resources, business plan, etc. Factors that directly influence the efficiency of people in aviation workplaces : fatigue, training, technical failures , aircraft turnaround times, etc. Actions or inactions by people (pilots, controllers, maintenance engineers, aerodrome staff, etc.) that have an immediate adverse effect . Resources to protect against the risks that organizations involved in production activities generate and must control . Conditions present in the system before the accident, made evident by triggering factors Latent conditions trajectory There is a widespread belief in the aviation industry that the effects of commercial developments can cascade down through organization to affect flight deck operations . This threat is likely to increase as the pace of commercial developments increases . IATA–Icon , August 2001