Ciudades y Futuro por Alejandro Gutierrez, Associate Director, ARUP Planning - Milán
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El documento habla sobre la planificación urbana sostenible. Propone tres estrategias principales: 1) Desacoplar el desarrollo económico de la huella ecológica a través de inversiones en energía limpia; 2) Integrar los sistemas urbanos como la agricultura y el transporte para hacer un uso más eficiente de los recursos; 3) Planificar de manera holística a largo plazo considerando objetivos como la resiliencia y la calidad de vida.
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Ciudades y Futuro por Alejandro Gutierrez, Associate Director, ARUP Planning - Milán
- 1. Lima, Nov. 2010 Alejandro Gutierrez Associate Director Arup Planning, Milan Ciudades y Futuro Arup + Sauerbruch Hutton + Experientia
- 2. Arup
- 3. Contexto
- 4. + Indice de desarrollo humano aumentado 2050 Era Ecologica = + (CO – 80%) 2 1.44GHA/Capita Huella Ecologica
- 6. desacoplar
- 7. desacoplar: desarrollo – huella ecologica
- 8. desacoplar: desarrollo – huella ecologica
- 9. desacoplar: energia – IDH Fig1: HDI versus annual per capita energy consumption for a range of countries Source: Vaclav Smil
- 10. Desacoplar – una inversion apropiada 1-2%/yr GDP investment avoids future +20%/yr loss -2%
- 11. Carbon trajectory- from Low2no desacoplar: proyecto e impacto
- 12. Desacoplar – costo eficiente “ Carbon Neutral District”
- 13. integrar
- 14. Evaluacion Integrada Metodologia, validacion, seguimiento
- 15. Las personas importan mas – decisiones de consumo
- 16. Las personas importan mas – decisiones de consumo
- 17. Las personas importan mas – decisiones de movilidad
- 18. Informacion, capacidad de decision, beneficios tangibles
- 19. Integrar a la comunidad
- 20. Sistemas integrados / agricultura urbana
- 21. Evaluacion integrada de recursos
- 22. Sistemas integrados / agricultura urbana
- 23. Sistemas integrados / agricultura urbana 70% 75%
- 24. Sistemas integrados / agricultura urbana
- 25. Proyectar holísticamente, a la escala apropiada
- 26. Proyectar holísticamente, a la escala apropiada
- 27. Proyectar holísticamente, a la escala apropiada
- 28. ctrl CTRL – planificación de suelo y transporte integrada
- 29. CTRL – planificación de suelo y transporte integrada
- 30. CTRL – planificación de suelo y transporte integrada
- 31. Ebbsfleet Development Value: Original State = Negative Ultimate = £5bn CTRL – planificación de suelo y transporte integrada
- 32. Stratford City New metropolitan center for London 2hr 8min to Paris, 7min to London St Pancras £3bn development spend 34,000 permanent jobs CTRL – planificación de suelo y transporte integrada
- 33. CTRL – integrated transport and land use planning London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games 100ha new park 40,000 new homes 50,000 new jobs 580,000m2 high-tech office space £9.3bn investment CTRL – planificación de suelo y transporte integrada
- 34. CTRL – integrated transport and land use planning Kings Cross New Quarter for London Fully integrated transport interchanges £2.5bn high density, mixed use development Up to 30,000 jobs, 250 businesses 1,800 new houses 490,000m2 of office and retail space CTRL – planificación de suelo y transporte integrada
- 35. Benefits International/domestic travelers (value of time) £ 3.2bn Wider benefits (economic efficiency / agglomeration) £ 3bn Total approx. £ 6.2bn (Present Value 2007) Construction Cost £ 5.8bn CTRL – planificación de suelo y transporte integrada
- 36. Planificar* *institucionalidad eficaz *performance *flexibilidad *monitoreo *accountability
- 37. Planificación – cuatro velocidades, cuatro estrategias Integración + objetivos claros + gobernabilidad + implementacion + seguimiento
- 38. THE C40 Planificar para resiliencia, atractividad, calidad de vida Bangkok Beijing Tokyo Seoul Shanghai Sydney Hong Kong Johannesburg Istanbul Warsaw Berlin London Madrid Rome Lagos Mumbai New York Toronto Chicago Los Angeles Sao Paulo Rio Buenos Aires Caracas Mexico City Philadephia Houston Bogota Lima Melbourne Delhi Karachi Cairo Jakarta Moscow Paris Athens Dhaka Ho Chi Minh Addis Ababa
- 39. Planificar para cambio climático - carbón
- 40. Transporte y tejido urbano – ciudad compacta low rise & high density – 3 to 8 storeys / 1.45 average plot ratio / 75 dwelling per hectares 80,000 people x 4 x 2 newman and kenworthy
- 41. Los Angeles London Barcelona 4% 6.7% 6.7% 89.3% 32% 19% 49% 13.7% 42.6% 35% Transporte y tejido urbano – ciudad compacta
- 42. dongtan Transporte y tejido urbano – ciudad compacta
- 43. Tfl Planificando – tarificación por congestión - carbón 99% of trips 88% CO 2 emissions The vast majority of car trips are less than 50 miles Source: DfT / Committee on Climate Change
- 44. Tfl Planificando – tarificación por congestión - carbón Ponerle precio al carbon Transporte es un sector ideal para testear esto Espacio liberado para buses y bicicletas 70,000 coches reducidos en hora punta 15% reduccion de CO2
- 45. Tfl Planificando para reducir carbon, mejorar eficiencia y calidad de vida Inversión en Transporte publico 200M USD ingresos anuales por cobro Incremento del 37.5% en viajes de bus
- 46. Tfl Planificando – tarificación por congestión, No siempre impopular!
- 47. pres Planificar – después del terremoto – apuntar alto
- 48. pres Planificar – después del terremoto – apuntar alto
- 49. pres Planificar – después del terremoto – apuntar alto
- 50. pres Planificar – después del terremoto – apuntar alto
- 51. pres Planificar – después del terremoto – apuntar alto
- 52. pres Concesión integrada Planificar – después del terremoto – apuntar alto
- 53. pres Concesión integrada Planificar – después del terremoto – apuntar alto
- 54. pres Concesión integrada Planificar – después del terremoto – apuntar alto
Notas del editor
- Presentation of the Regeneration of Stratford Rail Lands
- SLIDE ONE: This graph is designed to set the scene in terms of the current state of the world. Human Development Index is a combination of several variables, but includes GDP per capita, a measure related to economic activity and wealth. Ecological Footprint is a measure of carrying capacity of the Earth to provide resources and absorbs waste, but significantly, greater than 90% of the measure relates to carbon dioxide emissions. What the graph shows us is cut-off measures (blue dashed lines), which, in the vertical plane shows the minimum for acceptable Human Development Index, and in the horizontal, the maximum above which the planet cannot regenerate resources and absorb wastes. The conclusion is that considerable progress is required to ensure that the Human Development Index for many developing countries attains a minimum standard, and that developed nations with acceptable human development index need to reduce their impact on the planet’s resources, especially with regard to carbon dioxide emissions. While it may be tempting to look at each countries need for progress in isolation, we need to remember that the economies of the international community are intricately linked. Consequently, solutions need to recognise that actions taken by individual states will have effects on other states, either directly or indirectly, due to the global economy. Definition of Human Development Index: The Human Development Index ( HDI ) is an index combining normalized measures of life expectancy , literacy , educational attainment , and GDP per capita for countries worldwide. It is claimed as a standard means of measuring human development —a concept that, according to the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), refers to the process of widening the options of persons, giving them greater opportunities for education, health care, income, employment, etc. The basic use of HDI is to rank countries by level of "human development", which usually also implies to determine whether a country is a developed , developing, or underdeveloped country . The index was developed in 1920 by Indian economist Mahbub ul Haq ,Sir Richard Jolly, with help from Gustav Ranis of Yale University and Lord Meghnad Desai of the London School of Economics . It has been used since then by UNDP in its annual Human Development Report . Definition of Ecological Footprint: “ The area of productive land and sea needed to provide a given quantity of energy, food and materials for a defined population in a given land mass, and the area of land required to absorb the emissions”
- SLIDE ONE: This graph is designed to set the scene in terms of the current state of the world. Human Development Index is a combination of several variables, but includes GDP per capita, a measure related to economic activity and wealth. Ecological Footprint is a measure of carrying capacity of the Earth to provide resources and absorbs waste, but significantly, greater than 90% of the measure relates to carbon dioxide emissions. What the graph shows us is cut-off measures (blue dashed lines), which, in the vertical plane shows the minimum for acceptable Human Development Index, and in the horizontal, the maximum above which the planet cannot regenerate resources and absorb wastes. The conclusion is that considerable progress is required to ensure that the Human Development Index for many developing countries attains a minimum standard, and that developed nations with acceptable human development index need to reduce their impact on the planet’s resources, especially with regard to carbon dioxide emissions. While it may be tempting to look at each countries need for progress in isolation, we need to remember that the economies of the international community are intricately linked. Consequently, solutions need to recognise that actions taken by individual states will have effects on other states, either directly or indirectly, due to the global economy. Definition of Human Development Index: The Human Development Index ( HDI ) is an index combining normalized measures of life expectancy , literacy , educational attainment , and GDP per capita for countries worldwide. It is claimed as a standard means of measuring human development —a concept that, according to the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), refers to the process of widening the options of persons, giving them greater opportunities for education, health care, income, employment, etc. The basic use of HDI is to rank countries by level of "human development", which usually also implies to determine whether a country is a developed , developing, or underdeveloped country . The index was developed in 1920 by Indian economist Mahbub ul Haq ,Sir Richard Jolly, with help from Gustav Ranis of Yale University and Lord Meghnad Desai of the London School of Economics . It has been used since then by UNDP in its annual Human Development Report . Definition of Ecological Footprint: “ The area of productive land and sea needed to provide a given quantity of energy, food and materials for a defined population in a given land mass, and the area of land required to absorb the emissions”
- Carbon pricing in general is critical to delivering CO2 targets Urban transport is an ideal test bed Keystone of success in London has been the congestion charge Freed up road space for buses and cycles 70,000 fewer car trips per charging day 15% reduction in CO2 Will need something like a CO2 charge – varied according to pollution level of the vehicle, time of day, a Like Eindhoven was bringing in in Holland before the change of government
- But its success was only possible because of the investment in the public transport system Congestion Charge brings £120m a year - necessary to pay for improvements £500m per year Entire new fleet of low-floor, CCTV buses One third increase in bus kilometres Including major expansion of night bus network Overall, more buses, more frequent service, and reduced e xcess waiting time halved (1.1 minutes) on every single route in London Bus fares kept down, with targetted discounts eg free to under 18s so that a whole new generation grew up using public transport 37.5% increase in bus trips At a time when bus patronage declining across the rest of the UK If going to embark on a process of shifting people out of cars and on to public transport then need both the carrot and the stick