Las herramientas
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HERRAMIENTAS MANUALES Y USO
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Las herramientas
- 1. Andersson Tunjano Bohórquez 2009201061 UPN Las Herramientas
- 3. Accidentes •Son los siguientes: Objetos que caen y pueden ser abrasivos o estar ardiendo Vapores y humos nocivos Riesgos eléctricos
- 4. Reglas básicas • Mantenimiento • Usar la herramienta adecuada • Inspeccionar antes de usar • Seguir las instrucciones • Usar EPIs • Emplear las medidas de seguridad
- 5. Accidentes en herramientas de mano •Habitualmente ligados a un mal uso a falta de mantenimiento •No emplear: herramientas fisuradas cinceles aplastados herramientas con la zona de agarre rota rotura
- 6. Protección en herramientas de mano •Epis, guantes y gafas •Superficie de trabajo limpia •Herramientas cortantes bien guardadas si no se usan
- 7. Herramientas eléctricas •Deben tener protecciones e interruptores de seguridad •Muy peligrosas
- 8. Interruptores Al menos: Interruptor de presión constante: la presión debe desconectar la máquina Interruptor de encendido/apagado
- 9. Herramientas eléctricas: precauciones • Desconectar cuando no se usen, cuando se deban limpiar o cuando se deban cambiar componentes • Personal no involucrado en la tarea debe mantenerse alejado • Libertad de acción • Limpieza • La ropa no debe poderse enganchar con partes de la máquina. Atención joyas. • Marcar la herramienta estropeada claramente
- 10. Herramientas eléctricas: precauciones Cables eléctricos •No transportar por los cables. Tampoco subir o bajar la máquina •No estirar del cable para desconectar •Preservar el cable de roturas
- 11. toma de tierra aislamiento suficiente de la carcasa o voltaje bajo Herramientas eléctricas: precauciones tipo de aislamiento toma de tierra
- 12. Herramientas eléctricas: precauciones • Emplear dentro de límites • Guantes y calzado • Almacenar en lugar seco • No emplear en lugares húmedos
- 13. Herramientas abrasivas •Pueden lanzar materiales: •Necesario sistema de seguridad Cubiertas Correcta alineación •El sistema debe asegurar que la hoja quede lo más oculta posible
- 14. Herramientas abrasivas •Para prevenir la rotura: •asegurar la hoja según las instrucciones •vigilar la dirección de giro •no emplear si la velocidad de giro excede la de la hoja •EPIs en ojos velocidad máxima
- 15. Plataformas de trabajo •Al menos a 3 mm •No ajustar si la hoja gira
- 16. Protecciones •Recogen las zonas en movimiento •Nunca retirar de la máquina
- 18. La guarda protectora debe quedar más baja que la plataforma de trabajo Sierras circulares portátiles
- 19. Si está levantada se debe desconectar la máquina Guarda Mesas de corte
- 20. Herramientas neumáticas •Aire comprimido •Riesgo: daño al trabajador con el clavo lanzado •Precaución especial ante la posibilidad de seccionar cables eléctricos Pistola de clavos
- 21. Herramientas neumáticas •Las uniones deben prevenir la desconexión •Emplear un alambre de seguridad Alambre de seguridad
- 22. Herramientas neumáticas •← Inaceptable •← Aceptable bridasbridas
- 23. Limpieza por aire comprimido •No emplear •Excepción – cuando se reduzca la presión a 0,5 MPa
- 24. Herramientas de gasolina •Principal problema: vapores e incendios •Emplear contenedores inflamables •Tras cargar el tanque, alejar el bidón de gasolina o gasoil
- 25. Herramientas de aire comprimido •Operarios con licencia •Verificación diaria •EPIs •Seleccionar la potencia en función del trabajo
Notas del editor
- 1926 Subpart I - Tools – Hand and Power This presentation is designed to assist trainers conducting OSHA 10-hour Construction Industry outreach training for workers. Since workers are the target audience, this presentation emphasizes hazard identification, avoidance, and control – not standards. No attempt has been made to treat the topic exhaustively. It is essential that trainers tailor their presentations to the needs and understanding of their audience. This presentation is not a substitute for any of the provisions of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 or for any standards issued by the U.S. Department of Labor. Mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of Labor.
- Hand and power tools are a part of our everyday lives. These tools help us to perform tasks that otherwise would be difficult or impossible. However, even simple tools can be hazardous, and have the potential for causing severe injuries when used or maintained improperly. Special attention toward hand and power tool safety is necessary in order to reduce or eliminate these hazards.
- 1926.301 • If a screwdriver is used as a chisel, the tip of the chisel may break and fly off, hitting the user or other employees. • If a wooden handle on a tool, such as a hammer or an axe is loose, splintered, or cracked, the head of the tool may fly off and strike the user or other employees. • If the jaws of a wrench are sprung, the wrench might slip. • If impact tools, such as chisels, wedges, or drift pins have mushroomed heads, the heads might shatter on impact, sending sharp fragments flying toward the user or other employees.
- 1926.300(c) and (a) and 1926.25 Provide the necessary PPE to employees using hand and power tools to protect them from hazards of falling, flying, abrasive, and splashing objects, or exposure to harmful dusts, fumes, mists, vapors, or gases.
- 1926.300(b) and 1926.302
- 1926.300(d) Switches Use "on-off" control : hand-held powered platen sanders, grinders with wheels 2-inch diameter or less, routers, planers, laminate trimmers, nibblers, shears, scroll saws, and jigsaws with blade shanks one-fourth of an inch wide or less Use momentary contact "on-off" control and may have a lock-on control provided that turnoff can be accomplished by a single motion of the same finger or fingers that turn it on: hand-held powered drills, tappers, fastener drivers, horizontal, vertical, and angle grinders with wheels greater than 2 inches in diameter, disc sanders, belt sanders, reciprocating saws, saber saws, and other similar operating powered tools. Use a constant pressure switch which shuts off power when released: All other hand-held powered tools, such as circular saws, chain saws, and percussion tools without positive accessory holding means
- 1926.302(a)(2)
- 1926.302 (a)(1) Three-wire cords contain two current-carrying conductors and a grounding conductor. Any time an adapter is used to accommodate a two-hole receptacle, the adapter wire must be attached to a known ground. The third prong must never be removed from the plug. Double-insulated tools are available that provide protection against electrical shock without third-wire grounding. On double-insulated tools, an internal layer of protective insulation completely isolates the external housing of the tool.
- When using gloves, make sure they will not cause an amputation hazard by becoming loose clothing.
- 1926.303(b)(2), 1926.303 (c)(5)
- 1926.303 (c)(8), 1926.303 (c)(9)
- 1926.303(e) On offhand grinding machines, use work rests to support the work. They are to be equipped with adjustable work rests to compensate for wheel wear. The work rest shall be securely clamped after each adjustment. The adjustment shall not be made with the wheel in motion. 1926.303(c)(2) Floor and bench-mounted grinders shall be provided with work rests which are rigidly supported and readily adjustable. Keep these work rests not more than one-eighth inch from the surface of the wheel.
- 1926.300(b)(2)
- 1926.304(g)(1) The upper hood shall completely enclose the upper portion of the blade down to a point that will include the end of the saw arbor. Construct the upper hood in a manner and of material that will protect the operator from flying splinters, broken saw teeth, etc., and will deflect sawdust. Guard the sides of the lower exposed portion of the blade to the full diameter of the blade by a device that will automatically adjust itself to the thickness of the stock and remain in contact with stock being cut to give maximum protection possible for the operation being performed.
- 1926.304(d) The upper guard shall cover the saw to the depth of the teeth, except for the minimum arc required to permit the base to be tilted for bevel cuts. The lower guard shall cover the saw to the depth of the teeth, except for the minimum arc required to allow proper retraction and contact with the work. When the tool is withdrawn from the work, the lower guard shall automatically and instantly return to the covering position. GRAPHIC The graphic depicts a portable saw where the worker is holding the bottom guard up to demonstrate how it slides up as the blade comes in contact with the material being cut.
- 1926.304(h)(1) Hand-fed crosscut table saws Each circular crosscut table saw shall be guarded by a hood
- 1926.302(b)(1)
- 1926.302(b )(1) and (2) Secure pneumatic power tools to the hose by some positive means to prevent the tool from becoming accidentally disconnected. Safety clips or retainers shall be securely installed and maintained on pneumatic impact tools to prevent attachments from being accidentally expelled.
- 1926.302(b)(4) The 30 p.s.i. requirement does not apply for concrete form, mill scale and similar cleaning purposes.
- 1926.302(c) If using a fuel powered tool in an enclosed area such as a trench, be aware that carbon monoxide generated can displace or deplete oxygen. Mechanical ventilation and testing needs to be done.
- 1926.302(e)