Las membranas celulares están compuestas principalmente por una bicapa de fosfolípidos con proteínas y carbohidratos insertados. Sirven para delimitar los límites de la célula y sus orgánulos, y contienen diversos tipos de proteínas involucradas en funciones como el transporte activo y pasivo, la señalización y la adhesión celular. Los principales componentes de las membranas son fosfolípidos, proteínas y colesterol, los cuales le confieren propiedades de fluidez y permeabilidad selectiva
Bioplastics are plastic materials produced from renewable biomass sources, such as vegetable fats and oils, corn starch, straw, woodchips, sawdust, recycled food waste, etc. Bioplastic can be made from agricultural by-products and also from used plastic bottles and other containers using microorganisms.
Bioplastics are plastic materials produced from renewable biomass sources, such as vegetable fats and oils, corn starch, straw, woodchips, sawdust, recycled food waste, etc. Bioplastic can be made from agricultural by-products and also from used plastic bottles and other containers using microorganisms.
SOLID WASTE AND MANAGEMENT BIO GAS PRODUCTIONShylesh M
Source And Management
Agriculture
Fisheries
Household
Commercial and Industry
MANAGEMENT :-
Storage
Collection
Transport and Handling
Recyling
Biogas production
Biogas production from biomass is an anaerobic process.
The anaerobic digestion is usually carried out by using are referred to as anaerobic digesters.
A digester may be made up of concrete bricks and cement or steel, usually built underground.
The digester has an inlet attached to a mixing tank feeding cow dung.
The methanogenic bacteria from another digester are also added with cow dung.
The digester is attached to a movable gas holding or storage tank with a gas outlet.
The used slurry comes out from the digester through an outlet. This can be used as a manure.
Process of Biogas production
By products of Sugar Industries
Molasses
Molasses is a viscous by product of refining sugarcane or sugar beets into sugar.
It contain solids, sucrose and reducing sugars.
Total sugar content is 45-55%. Hence it is a valuable raw material for the producton of many value added products.
India has the largest chemical industry in the world using sugarcane molasses to produce acetaldehyde, acetic acid, polyvinyl chloride, synthetic rubber etc.
Citric acid is produced easily from molasses by submerged fermentation.
Bagasse is the fibrous matter that remains after sugarcane stalks are crushed to extract their juice.
It is a dry pulpy residue left after the extraction of juice from sugarcane.
Bagasse is used as a biofuel and in manufacture of pulp and building materials.
Microbial Kinetics in Batch Culture
Culture system containing a limited amount of nutrient, which is inoculated with the microorganism. Cells grow until some component is exhausted or until the environment changes so as to inhibit growth. Biomass concentration defined in terms of cell dry weight measurements (g/l) or total cell number (cells/ml).
Lineweaver-Burke Equation.....We remember the Monod Equation
Invert…
The equation now has the form of a straight line with intercept.
Y = MX + C
By plotting as a function of
You get a straight line, where the slope is , and the y–axis intercept is .
Product Yield Coefficient
Maintenance:
Cells use energy and raw materials for two functions, production of new cells and the maintenance of existing cells. In general, consumption of materials for maintenance is small w.r.t. the amount of materials used in the synthesis of new biomass.
Generally it is assumed that the use of materials for maintenance is proportional to the amount of cells present.
Bio Plastic is Similar To Conventional Plastics In All Aspects Except That these are made of agricultural products and can be easily degraded...These plastics has many advantages over conventional plastics
Plastic has brought immense benefits to the whole human race. The light weight, cheap chemical resistant and strong material has got almost omnipotent presence. When we talk of its strength we talk of the time till it survives and to everyone’s knowledge plastic does not bio-degrade. Yes, plastic the greatest invention of mankind has the power to even destroy mankind. Plastic that is not biodegradable brings a lot of environmental issues. It deteriorates the ozone layer. For the most part plastic is produced from oil. The world is progressively running out of oil. Research says plastic brings number of harms not only to humans but also the entire cosmos. The plastic which cannot be recycled has to be disposed off in some or the other way. Let’s say if we dispose in water it has the tendency to destroy marine life. So the only way left to reduce the ill effects of plastic is to use eco-friendly or biodegradable plastic. Biodegradable plastics are plastics that will decay in usual aerobic environments.
See More at : http://goo.gl/84r5cM
http://www.entrepreneurindia.co/
Tags
Bio plastics Business, Biodegradable and compostable alternatives to conventional plastics, Biodegradable plastic products, Biodegradable Plastics, Biodegradable Plastics and Polymers, Biodegradable Plastics and Polymers Based Profitable Projects, Biodegradable Plastics and Polymers Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Biodegradable Plastics and Polymers Business, Biodegradable Plastics and Polymers Industry in India, Biodegradable Plastics and Polymers Projects, Biodegradable Plastics and Polymers Small Business Manufacturing, Biodegradable Plastics business, Biodegradable Plastics Eco Friendly Plastics, Biodegradable plastics from polylactic acid, Biodegradable plastics from renewable sources, Biodegradable plastics from wheat starch, Biodegradable Plastics: Starting a business, Biodegradable polymer, Biodegradable Polymers and Plastics, Biodegradable polyolefins, Biodegradation of acylated sugar-linked poly(styrene Maleic anhydride), Biomineralization of the sugar-linked poly(styrene maleic Anhydride), Biopolymers and Biodegradable Plastics, Biotechnology, Business consultancy, Business consultant, Business guidance for Biodegradable Plastics and Polymers industry, Business guidance to clients, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Business start-up, Degradable plastics for composting, Good Scope in Biodegradable Plastic Products, Great Opportunity for Startup, How are bioplastics made, How to Start a Biodegradable Plastics and Polymers Business, How to start a successful Biodegradable Plastics and Polymers business, How to Start Biodegradable Plastics and Polymers Industry in India, How to start plastic recycling business, Managing Bioplastics Business Innovation in Start up, modern small and cottage scale industries, Most Profitable Biodegradable Plastics and Polymers Business Ideas
Implementing Neural Networks Using VLSI for Image Processing (compression)IJERA Editor
Biological systems process the analog signals such as image and sound efficiently. To process the information the way biological systems do we make use of ANN. (Artificial Neural Networks) The focus of this paper is to review the implementation of the neural network architecture using analog components like Gilbert cell multiplier, differential amplifier for neuron activation function and tan sigmoid function circuit using MOS transistor. The neural architecture is trained using Back propagation algorithm for compressing the image. This paper surveys the methods of implementing the neural network using VLSI .Different CMOS technologies are used for implementing the circuits for arithmetic operations (i.e. 180nm, 45nm, 32nm).And the MOS transistors are working in sub threshold region. In this paper a review is made on how the VLSI architecture is used to implement neural networks and trained for compressing the image.
A comprehensive study of shuttle vector & binary vector and its rules of in ...PRABAL SINGH
Vector: A vector is a DNA molecule that has the ability to replicate autonomously in an appropriate host cell and into which the DNA fragment to be cloned is integrated for cloning
in-planta transformation technology is used to transform the desired gene into the plant without using tissue culture step is called in-planta transformation.it is useful for those plants that lack the tissue culture and regeneration system.
SOLID WASTE AND MANAGEMENT BIO GAS PRODUCTIONShylesh M
Source And Management
Agriculture
Fisheries
Household
Commercial and Industry
MANAGEMENT :-
Storage
Collection
Transport and Handling
Recyling
Biogas production
Biogas production from biomass is an anaerobic process.
The anaerobic digestion is usually carried out by using are referred to as anaerobic digesters.
A digester may be made up of concrete bricks and cement or steel, usually built underground.
The digester has an inlet attached to a mixing tank feeding cow dung.
The methanogenic bacteria from another digester are also added with cow dung.
The digester is attached to a movable gas holding or storage tank with a gas outlet.
The used slurry comes out from the digester through an outlet. This can be used as a manure.
Process of Biogas production
By products of Sugar Industries
Molasses
Molasses is a viscous by product of refining sugarcane or sugar beets into sugar.
It contain solids, sucrose and reducing sugars.
Total sugar content is 45-55%. Hence it is a valuable raw material for the producton of many value added products.
India has the largest chemical industry in the world using sugarcane molasses to produce acetaldehyde, acetic acid, polyvinyl chloride, synthetic rubber etc.
Citric acid is produced easily from molasses by submerged fermentation.
Bagasse is the fibrous matter that remains after sugarcane stalks are crushed to extract their juice.
It is a dry pulpy residue left after the extraction of juice from sugarcane.
Bagasse is used as a biofuel and in manufacture of pulp and building materials.
Microbial Kinetics in Batch Culture
Culture system containing a limited amount of nutrient, which is inoculated with the microorganism. Cells grow until some component is exhausted or until the environment changes so as to inhibit growth. Biomass concentration defined in terms of cell dry weight measurements (g/l) or total cell number (cells/ml).
Lineweaver-Burke Equation.....We remember the Monod Equation
Invert…
The equation now has the form of a straight line with intercept.
Y = MX + C
By plotting as a function of
You get a straight line, where the slope is , and the y–axis intercept is .
Product Yield Coefficient
Maintenance:
Cells use energy and raw materials for two functions, production of new cells and the maintenance of existing cells. In general, consumption of materials for maintenance is small w.r.t. the amount of materials used in the synthesis of new biomass.
Generally it is assumed that the use of materials for maintenance is proportional to the amount of cells present.
Bio Plastic is Similar To Conventional Plastics In All Aspects Except That these are made of agricultural products and can be easily degraded...These plastics has many advantages over conventional plastics
Plastic has brought immense benefits to the whole human race. The light weight, cheap chemical resistant and strong material has got almost omnipotent presence. When we talk of its strength we talk of the time till it survives and to everyone’s knowledge plastic does not bio-degrade. Yes, plastic the greatest invention of mankind has the power to even destroy mankind. Plastic that is not biodegradable brings a lot of environmental issues. It deteriorates the ozone layer. For the most part plastic is produced from oil. The world is progressively running out of oil. Research says plastic brings number of harms not only to humans but also the entire cosmos. The plastic which cannot be recycled has to be disposed off in some or the other way. Let’s say if we dispose in water it has the tendency to destroy marine life. So the only way left to reduce the ill effects of plastic is to use eco-friendly or biodegradable plastic. Biodegradable plastics are plastics that will decay in usual aerobic environments.
See More at : http://goo.gl/84r5cM
http://www.entrepreneurindia.co/
Tags
Bio plastics Business, Biodegradable and compostable alternatives to conventional plastics, Biodegradable plastic products, Biodegradable Plastics, Biodegradable Plastics and Polymers, Biodegradable Plastics and Polymers Based Profitable Projects, Biodegradable Plastics and Polymers Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Biodegradable Plastics and Polymers Business, Biodegradable Plastics and Polymers Industry in India, Biodegradable Plastics and Polymers Projects, Biodegradable Plastics and Polymers Small Business Manufacturing, Biodegradable Plastics business, Biodegradable Plastics Eco Friendly Plastics, Biodegradable plastics from polylactic acid, Biodegradable plastics from renewable sources, Biodegradable plastics from wheat starch, Biodegradable Plastics: Starting a business, Biodegradable polymer, Biodegradable Polymers and Plastics, Biodegradable polyolefins, Biodegradation of acylated sugar-linked poly(styrene Maleic anhydride), Biomineralization of the sugar-linked poly(styrene maleic Anhydride), Biopolymers and Biodegradable Plastics, Biotechnology, Business consultancy, Business consultant, Business guidance for Biodegradable Plastics and Polymers industry, Business guidance to clients, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Business start-up, Degradable plastics for composting, Good Scope in Biodegradable Plastic Products, Great Opportunity for Startup, How are bioplastics made, How to Start a Biodegradable Plastics and Polymers Business, How to start a successful Biodegradable Plastics and Polymers business, How to Start Biodegradable Plastics and Polymers Industry in India, How to start plastic recycling business, Managing Bioplastics Business Innovation in Start up, modern small and cottage scale industries, Most Profitable Biodegradable Plastics and Polymers Business Ideas
Implementing Neural Networks Using VLSI for Image Processing (compression)IJERA Editor
Biological systems process the analog signals such as image and sound efficiently. To process the information the way biological systems do we make use of ANN. (Artificial Neural Networks) The focus of this paper is to review the implementation of the neural network architecture using analog components like Gilbert cell multiplier, differential amplifier for neuron activation function and tan sigmoid function circuit using MOS transistor. The neural architecture is trained using Back propagation algorithm for compressing the image. This paper surveys the methods of implementing the neural network using VLSI .Different CMOS technologies are used for implementing the circuits for arithmetic operations (i.e. 180nm, 45nm, 32nm).And the MOS transistors are working in sub threshold region. In this paper a review is made on how the VLSI architecture is used to implement neural networks and trained for compressing the image.
A comprehensive study of shuttle vector & binary vector and its rules of in ...PRABAL SINGH
Vector: A vector is a DNA molecule that has the ability to replicate autonomously in an appropriate host cell and into which the DNA fragment to be cloned is integrated for cloning
in-planta transformation technology is used to transform the desired gene into the plant without using tissue culture step is called in-planta transformation.it is useful for those plants that lack the tissue culture and regeneration system.
Módulo III, Tema 9: Parásitos Oportunistas y Parasitosis EmergentesDiana I. Graterol R.
Universidad de Carabobo - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud sede Carabobo - Bioanálisis. Parasitología. Módulo III, Tema 9: Parásitos Oportunistas y Parasitosis Emergentes.
La introducción plantea un problema central en bioética.pdfarturocabrera50
Este documento aborda un problema central en el campo de la bioética, explorando las complejas interacciones entre el avance científico y sus implicaciones éticas. Se analiza cómo la tecnología biomédica y las investigaciones emergentes plantean dilemas éticos relacionados con el tratamiento y el cuidado de la vida humana, la toma de decisiones informadas y la equidad en el acceso a los beneficios médicos. Este análisis proporciona una base para discutir cómo estas cuestiones afectan las políticas públicas, la práctica médica y la ética profesional.
Comunicació oral de les infermeres Maria Rodríguez i Elena Cossin, infermeres gestores de processos complexos de Digestiu de l'Hospital Municipal de Badalona, a les 34 Jornades Nacionals d'Infermeras Gestores, celebrades a Madrid del 5 al 7 de juny.
3. Requisitos básicos
o Bicapa de fosfolípidos
o Fluida a temperatura ambiente
o Asimétrica
o Forma compartimentos cerrados
o Ser sintetizada y reciclada por la misma
célula
4. Quienes tienen MC
o Membrana Plasmática
o Sistema de Endomembranas (SE)
o Mitocondrias
o Peroxisomas
o Carioteca
o REG
o REL
o GOLGI
o Endosomas
o Lisosomas
o Vesículas
5. Componentes de las MC
o Lípidos (50%)
o Proteínas (48%)
o Hidratos de Carbono (2%)
o Fosfolípidos
o Colesterol
o Glucolípidos
o Integrales o Intrínsecas
o Periféricas o Extrínsecas
6. Lípidos
o Lípidos 50%
o Comportamiento en el agua:
o Hidrofílico
o Hidrofóbico
o Anfipático
o Fosfolípidos
o Colesterol
o Glucolípidos
11. Funciones de Fosfolípidos
Funciones :
o Estructural
o Forman comp cerrados acuosos
o Dan Fluidez a la membrana
o Dan asimetría
o Manejo del Ca intracelular
12. Lo que hay que saber
o Anfipáticos
o Forman micelas o bicapas
o Se mueven de forma selectiva
o Los más importantes son Fosfatidilcolina (Lecitina), Esfingomielina,
Fosfatidilserina y Fosfatidiletanolamina
o Funciones claves
18. Los Glucolípidos
o Anfipáticos, muy parecidos a fosfolípidos
o Ubicación cara no citosólica
o Concentración selectiva
o Funciones específicas:
Estructural, Receptores, Asimetría
19. Las Proteínas
o Tres tipos de proteínas
o Integrales o Intrínsecas
o Periféricas o Extrínsecas
o Ancladas a GPI
20. Tipos de Proteínas
Integrales o Intrínsecas Periféricas o extrínsecas Ancladas a GPI
Porcentaje de la
membrana
70% 30% Ubicación selectiva
Ubicación en la
membrana
Atraviesan la bicapa parcial o
totalmente
Se relacionan con las cabezas de
fosfolípidos de ambas caras de la
membrana
Se relacionan con las cabezas de
glucolípidos de cara no citosólica de la
membrana
Comportamiento Anfipáticas Hidrosolubles Hidrosolubles
Tipo de unión Fuertemente unidas Unión débil Fuertemente unidas
Forma de
separarlas de la
membrana
Requieren de detergentes o
solventes orgánicos
Se separan con soluciones salinas débiles
Requieren de detergentes o solventes
orgánicos
Funciones
Receptores, canales, antígenos
HLA, Glucoforina
Espectrina, Ancrina, Citocromo C en MMI
Inmunitaria, endocitosis, Reconocimiento
celular
22. Funciones de las proteínas
o Estructural
o Receptores
o Forman parte de uniones
intercelulares
o Canales ionicos
o Permeasas o carriers
o Acuoporinas
o Bombas ionicas
o Anclan citoesqueleto a la membrana
o Comunicación celular
o Inmunitaria
o Enzimática
23. Los Hidratos de Carbono
o Componentes Glucídicos de
Glucolípidos
o Componentes Glucídicos de
Glucoproteínas
o Proteoglicanos
24. El Glucocálix
o Cubierta glucídica de todas las
células
o Funciones de:
o Microambiente
o Migración celular
o Reconocimiento celular
25. Las Balsas Lipídicas
Microdominios de la membrana, de 50 nm de espesor
o Contenido específico
o FL con acidos grasos saturados
o Alta concentración de colesterol, Glucolípidos y
proteínas ancladas a GPI
o Funciones específicas
o Señalización celular, movimiento celular, endocitosis y
respuesta inmunitaria, etc
26.
27. Permeabilidad de la membrana
Con gasto de energía
Transporte activo
primario
Bombas
Uniport
Symport
Antiport
Transporte activo
secundario
Symport Sodio glucosa
Antiport Sodio calcio
Transportadores ABC
Transporte de masa
Endocitosis
Exocitosis
Fagocitosis
Sin gasto de energía
Difusión simple
Difusión facilitada
Canales iónicos
Dependientes de Ligando
Dependientes de voltaje
Dependientes de
deformación mecánica
Permeasas o carriers
Acuoporinas
28. Permeabilidad de la membrana
Con gasto de energía
Transporte activo
primario
Bombas
Uniport
Symport
Antiport
Transporte activo
secundario
Symport Sodio glucosa
Antiport Sodio calcio
Transportadores ABC
Transporte de masa
Endocitosis
Exocitosis
Fagocitosis
Sin gasto de energía
Difusión simple
Difusión facilitada
Canales iónicos
Dependientes de Ligando
Dependientes de voltaje
Dependientes de
deformación mecánica
Permeasas o carriers
Acuoporinas
29. La difusión simple
o Requisitos
o Sin gasto de energía
o A favor del gradiente
o Atraviesan libremente
o Quienes pasan
o Gases
o Moléculas liposolubles
o Alcoholes
o % del agua corporal
30. La difusión facilitada
o Requisitos
o Sin gasto de energía
o A favor del gradiente
o Atraviesan por proteínas
facilitadoras
o Tipos de Difusión facilitada
o Canales iónicos
o Permeasas o carriers
o Acuoporinas
31. Los canales iónicos
o Abiertos
o Cerrados
o Voltaje
o Ligando
o Deformación mecánica
32. Permeasas o Carriers
o Monosacaridos y disacáridos, Aa,
nucleotidos
o Pueden ser:
o Uniport
o Symport
o Antiport
34. Permeabilidad de la membrana
Con gasto de energía
Transporte activo
primario
Bombas
Uniport
Symport
Antiport
Transporte activo
secundario
Symport Sodio glucosa
Antiport Sodio calcio
Transportadores ABC
Transporte de masa
Endocitosis
Exocitosis
Fagocitosis
Sin gasto de energía
Difusión simple
Difusión facilitada
Canales iónicos
Dependientes de Ligando
Dependientes de voltaje
Dependientes de
deformación mecánica
Permeasas o carriers
Acuoporinas
35. Transporte activo Primario
o Requisitos
o Con gasto de energía
o En contra del gradiente
o Quienes pasan
o Tipos
o Uniport (H+, Ca++)
o Symport
o Antiport