Impersonalidad1

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Este documento clasifica y explica los diferentes tipos de oraciones impersonales en español. Se dividen en impersonales gramaticales como "haber", "hacer", "bastar", "ser" y "estar"; impersonales de se que usan el pronombre "se"; impersonales de tercera persona del plural como "llaman"; e impersonales de verbos de fenómenos naturales como "llover" o "amanecer".

Educación

Alfonso Sancho Rodríguez 1
Impersonales
Carecen de sujeto.

Alfonso Sancho Rodríguez 2
ImpersonalImpersonal
No impersonalNo impersonal
Impersonales / no impersonales
Tengo calor
Hace calor
El sujeto está
implícito en el morfema
de persona
No hay sujeto
No es lo mismo

Alfonso Sancho Rodríguez
Clasificación
ImpersonalesImpersonales
Gramaticales
De se
Tercera persona del plural
Hay muchos vagos aquí.
No se atiende al profesor.
Llaman a la puerta.
La impersonalidad
del último
grupo depende
del contexto
De verbo meteorológico
Llueve poco en el Sahara.

Alfonso Sancho Rodríguez 4
Verbos de fenómenos naturales
Amanece
muy tarde
en invierno
Ha llovido
poco en Jaén
este añoFoto: Manuel Sáenz
Foto: Manuel Sáenz

Alfonso Sancho Rodríguez 5
Verbos de fenómenos naturales
Nevó muchísimo en
los alrededores de
Jaén en 2005
Algunos gramáticos han llamado
unipersonales a estos verbos

Alfonso Sancho Rodríguez 6
Usos figurados de estos verbos
A Dani le van a llover
¿Impersonales?
amaneció a su lado.Elsa
los suspensos.
Sujeto

Alfonso Sancho Rodríguez 7
Impersonales gramaticales
Haber
Hacer
Bastar
Ser
Estar
Aparte de los tiempos
compuestos del verbo,
sólo se usa como
impersonal
Se construyen
como impersonales
sólo ocasionalmente

Alfonso Sancho Rodríguez 8
Ejemplos
Hay chopitos, calamares, flamenquines, oiga
Hace poco que me trasladé a Jaén
Hace frío en el aula de Dibujo
Me basta con tu cariño
Es muy tarde
Está despejado
Estos verbos
pueden aparecer
también en oraciones
con sujeto (no impersonales)

Alfonso Sancho Rodríguez 9
Impersonales de se
Se está a gusto en este Instituto.
Se auxilió a los heridos.
… o transitivas con
CD precedido de a
Son construcciones
intransitivas…

Alfonso Sancho Rodríguez 10
Ejemplos
Se avisó demasiado tarde al médico.
Por esta carretera se corre mucho.
En el Instituto ya no se fuma.
¿Se encontró al culpable del robo?
En la cárcel se echa de menos a la novia.

Alfonso Sancho Rodríguez 11
Tercera persona del plural
Llaman a
la puerta.
Dada la
situación, esta
oración es
impersonal
(ocasional o
eventual)

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Impersonalidad1

1. Alfonso Sancho Rodríguez 1 Impersonales Carecen de sujeto.

2. Alfonso Sancho Rodríguez 2 ImpersonalImpersonal No impersonalNo impersonal Impersonales / no impersonales Tengo calor Hace calor El sujeto está implícito en el morfema de persona No hay sujeto No es lo mismo

3. Alfonso Sancho Rodríguez Clasificación ImpersonalesImpersonales Gramaticales De se Tercera persona del plural Hay muchos vagos aquí. No se atiende al profesor. Llaman a la puerta. La impersonalidad del último grupo depende del contexto De verbo meteorológico Llueve poco en el Sahara.

4. Alfonso Sancho Rodríguez 4 Verbos de fenómenos naturales Amanece muy tarde en invierno Ha llovido poco en Jaén este añoFoto: Manuel Sáenz Foto: Manuel Sáenz

5. Alfonso Sancho Rodríguez 5 Verbos de fenómenos naturales Nevó muchísimo en los alrededores de Jaén en 2005 Algunos gramáticos han llamado unipersonales a estos verbos

6. Alfonso Sancho Rodríguez 6 Usos figurados de estos verbos A Dani le van a llover ¿Impersonales? amaneció a su lado.Elsa los suspensos. Sujeto

7. Alfonso Sancho Rodríguez 7 Impersonales gramaticales Haber Hacer Bastar Ser Estar Aparte de los tiempos compuestos del verbo, sólo se usa como impersonal Se construyen como impersonales sólo ocasionalmente

8. Alfonso Sancho Rodríguez 8 Ejemplos Hay chopitos, calamares, flamenquines, oiga Hace poco que me trasladé a Jaén Hace frío en el aula de Dibujo Me basta con tu cariño Es muy tarde Está despejado Estos verbos pueden aparecer también en oraciones con sujeto (no impersonales)

9. Alfonso Sancho Rodríguez 9 Impersonales de se Se está a gusto en este Instituto. Se auxilió a los heridos. … o transitivas con CD precedido de a Son construcciones intransitivas…

10. Alfonso Sancho Rodríguez 10 Ejemplos Se avisó demasiado tarde al médico. Por esta carretera se corre mucho. En el Instituto ya no se fuma. ¿Se encontró al culpable del robo? En la cárcel se echa de menos a la novia.

11. Alfonso Sancho Rodríguez 11 Tercera persona del plural Llaman a la puerta. Dada la situación, esta oración es impersonal (ocasional o eventual)

Impersonalidad1

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Impersonalidad1