Lecture-02.Classifications of Qualitative and Quantitative AnalysisUniversity of Okara
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wObwXIt1ZQc&t=123s
Basic Concept of Analytical Chemistry
Meaning: The word analytical comes from the Ancient Greek ana- "up, and lysis "a loosening"). Collectively it means breaking-up" or "an untying.
Definition: The branch of chemistry which deals with the analysis of matter, its identification, and its components. Thus, the process of chemical analysis are of two type;
(1) Qualitative Analysis (2) Quantitative Analysis
Classifications of Analytical Techniques
There are two types of techniques
(1) Classical technique (2) Instrumental techniques
The classical techniques are qualitative as well as quantitative. The qualitative analysis is based on identifying and determining the analyte based on some properties specific to the analyte like boiling point, melting point, optical activities or refractive index, solubilities, and color. E.g., the Boling point of water is 100oC, the melting point of sugar is 186 °C, the refractive index of water is 1.333, test color of K is purple or the color of litmus. paper indicating the acidity or basicity of a compound. When sulphuretted hydrogen (H2S) is passed through a solution containing Arsenic, a yellowish precipitate is formed indicating the presence of arsenic. If the precipitate is brown, is brown, it indicates Tin.
The quantitative analysis is based on the quantity of the analyte. Like determining the volume of the analyte ( volumetric and gasometric analysis) and weight of the analyte (gravimetric analysis.
2) Instrumental methods can be both qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative analysis likewise relies on detecting and determining the analyte based on certain characteristics. Elements (C, H, N, S) of organic compounds using a CHNS analyzer, heavy metals using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, and alkali and alkaline earth metals (K, Na, Ca, Mg) using a flame photometer. At the molecular level, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and thin-layer chromatography are used to examine substances. These techniques tell us the nature of a compound. Some of these techniques can also be used for quantitative purposes as well.
Reference Books:
Skoog, D. A., West, P. M., Holler, F. J., Crouch, S. R., Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, 9th ed., Brooks Cole Publishing Company, (2013).
Christian, G. D., Analytical Chemistry. 6th ed., John-Wiley & Sons, New York, (2006).
Harris, D. C., Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 8th ed., W. H. Freeman and Company, New York, USA, (2011).
Bender, G.T. 1987. “Principles of Chemical Instrumentation” W.B. Saunders Co., London.
Reilley, C. 1993. Laboratory Manual of Analytical Chemistry. Allyn& Bacon, London.
Hargis, L.G. 1988. “Analytical Chemistry: Printice Hall Publishers, London.
La dureza del agua es causada por las sales solubles en ella; puede ser temporal o permanente. La dureza temporal es causada por bicarbonato cálcico o de magnesio y puede ser eliminada con la ebullición. Los bicarbonatos alcalinos generalmente son escasos en el agua. La dureza permanente del agua es causada por los sulfatos y los cloruros de calcio y magnesio. La suma de la dureza temporal y la permanente se llama dureza total del agua.
Lecture-02.Classifications of Qualitative and Quantitative AnalysisUniversity of Okara
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wObwXIt1ZQc&t=123s
Basic Concept of Analytical Chemistry
Meaning: The word analytical comes from the Ancient Greek ana- "up, and lysis "a loosening"). Collectively it means breaking-up" or "an untying.
Definition: The branch of chemistry which deals with the analysis of matter, its identification, and its components. Thus, the process of chemical analysis are of two type;
(1) Qualitative Analysis (2) Quantitative Analysis
Classifications of Analytical Techniques
There are two types of techniques
(1) Classical technique (2) Instrumental techniques
The classical techniques are qualitative as well as quantitative. The qualitative analysis is based on identifying and determining the analyte based on some properties specific to the analyte like boiling point, melting point, optical activities or refractive index, solubilities, and color. E.g., the Boling point of water is 100oC, the melting point of sugar is 186 °C, the refractive index of water is 1.333, test color of K is purple or the color of litmus. paper indicating the acidity or basicity of a compound. When sulphuretted hydrogen (H2S) is passed through a solution containing Arsenic, a yellowish precipitate is formed indicating the presence of arsenic. If the precipitate is brown, is brown, it indicates Tin.
The quantitative analysis is based on the quantity of the analyte. Like determining the volume of the analyte ( volumetric and gasometric analysis) and weight of the analyte (gravimetric analysis.
2) Instrumental methods can be both qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative analysis likewise relies on detecting and determining the analyte based on certain characteristics. Elements (C, H, N, S) of organic compounds using a CHNS analyzer, heavy metals using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, and alkali and alkaline earth metals (K, Na, Ca, Mg) using a flame photometer. At the molecular level, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and thin-layer chromatography are used to examine substances. These techniques tell us the nature of a compound. Some of these techniques can also be used for quantitative purposes as well.
Reference Books:
Skoog, D. A., West, P. M., Holler, F. J., Crouch, S. R., Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, 9th ed., Brooks Cole Publishing Company, (2013).
Christian, G. D., Analytical Chemistry. 6th ed., John-Wiley & Sons, New York, (2006).
Harris, D. C., Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 8th ed., W. H. Freeman and Company, New York, USA, (2011).
Bender, G.T. 1987. “Principles of Chemical Instrumentation” W.B. Saunders Co., London.
Reilley, C. 1993. Laboratory Manual of Analytical Chemistry. Allyn& Bacon, London.
Hargis, L.G. 1988. “Analytical Chemistry: Printice Hall Publishers, London.
La dureza del agua es causada por las sales solubles en ella; puede ser temporal o permanente. La dureza temporal es causada por bicarbonato cálcico o de magnesio y puede ser eliminada con la ebullición. Los bicarbonatos alcalinos generalmente son escasos en el agua. La dureza permanente del agua es causada por los sulfatos y los cloruros de calcio y magnesio. La suma de la dureza temporal y la permanente se llama dureza total del agua.
1. FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA
CARRERA DE INGENIERIA DE MINA
“T-2”
Integrantes:
•Arellano Guevara, Melina.
Docente:
• Cárdenas Gutiérrez, Liana Ysabel
Curso:
• Química Analítica
Clase:
• 10830
Ciclo:
• VII
Trujillo – Perú
2020 1
2. Marcha de Cationes
01
02
03
04
HNO3
Ag(I), Hg(I), Pb(II)
GRUPO II
GRUPO I
GRUPO III
2
www.yourwebsite.com
Na2CO3 0.5 M
Hervir y centrifugar
Cr(VI), Mo(VI,
W(VI) , V(VI),
As(V, III), Ti+,
K+, Se(IV, V)
Hg(II), Al(III),
Sn (II, IV),
Sb(III, V)
Pb2+ y Mg2+
Sb(III, V), Sn(IV),
Ti(IV)
HCl
6. GRUPO III
2 gotas de
HCl 2M1 2 3
4
5
6
2 gotas de
HCl, para
desaparecer
la turbidez
Lavar 2 veces con ½ ml de agua fría
con 1 gota de HCl diluid
7. GRUPO III
Pb (II)
1 1Ml de H2O
hirviendo
2
Recoger el líquido por
encima con el cuentagotas
Pasar el líquido claro a otro
tubo
4
3
precipitado
52 gotas de
K2CrO4 0,5 N
6
8. GRUPO III
Hg (I)
1
1Ml de
2M NH3
2
Pone en contacto el
precipitado con el reactivo
4
3
Guardar el líquido para
el reconocimiento
de la Ag
5
precipitado negro
intenso
Centrifugar
9. GRUPO III
Ag (I)
1 2
4
3
Centrifugar
Dividir el líquido
claro en dos partes
Eliminar el plomo con
agua caliente
hasta acidez ↔ precipita en AgCl
2 gotas de
KI 0,5 N
Precipitado blanco amarillento indica plata
HCl 2 M
11. Referencias Bibliográficos:
• Netto, R (2001). Marcha Analítica del Carbonato . Recuperado el 30 de mayo de 2020 , de
https://www.fisicanet.com.ar/quimica/analitica/ap01-quimica-cualitativa.php
• Campos, J (2017). Química Analítica Cualitativa. Recuperado el 30 de mayo de 2020 , de https://datospdf.com/downlo ad/lice
nciatura-en-quimica-quimica-analitica-cualitativa _5a44c677 b7d7bc422b8bf761_pdf
• Sémbler, C (20010). Química Analítica Cualitativa. Recuperado el 30 de mayo de 2020 , de ddhttp://ocw.usal.es/ciencias-
experimentales/quimica-analitica/contenidos/CONTENIDOS/12.%20PRESENTACION%20DE%20CLASE.pdf
• Álvarez, F (1995). Química Analítica Cualitativa. Recuperado el 30 de mayo de 2020 , de https://dadun.unav.edu/bitstrea m/10
171/27819/3/1999Quimica%20Analitica%20Cualitativa%5BManual%5D.pdf
• Calameco (2008).Marchas Analiticas. Recuperado el 30 de mayo de 2020 , de
https://es.calameo.com/read/005855243af996086ab98
• Sklemd (2013). Observación de Suelos. Recuperado el 30 de mayo de 2020 , de http://www.dgire.unam.mx/contenidowp
/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Guia-Quimica-II-1203.pdf
