Conferencia: "Ventajas de la Implementación de la radio digital para la República Dominicana"
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Santo Domingo, Rep. Dom. 12 de agosto del 2011. Centro Cultural de las Telecomunicaciones
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Conferencia: "Ventajas de la Implementación de la radio digital para la República Dominicana"
- 1. John Schneider - Director de Desarrollo de Negocios para América Latina HD Radio™ and the HD Radio logo are proprietary trademarks of iBiquity Digital Corp. Las Ventajas de la Implementación de la Tecnología de HD Radio™ para la República Dominicana
- 6. Una Gran Variedad de Inversionistas: Dueños Financieros Dueños de los Medios Dueños de Tecnología Estratégica Dueños de Radiodifusión
- 21. FM Multicasting – Canales Múltiples de Programas Digitales Canales Múltiples de Programas Un Solo Programa Receptor Analógico Existente Receptor de HD Radio™ FM Híbrido HD1 - Rock Analógico - Rock HD2 - Clásico HD3 - Hablado HD4 - Hablado
- 22. Multicasting Calidad de Señal Digital Indicador HD Indicador de Canal Multicasting
- 29. Hasta mayo de 2011 ¿Cuantas Emisoras Están al Aire? 12 22 20 11 12 14 23 16 17 14 13 12 21 15 17 22 20 18 19 13 16 22 25 24 23 Canales HD2,3,4 62 % 65 % 72 % 64 % 59 % 80 % 72 % 84 % 80 % 53 % 72 % 66 % 77 % 88 % 81 % 73 % 79 % 86 % 89 % 77 % 72 % 68 % 86 % 80 % 75 % % Oyentes de edad 12+ 36 24 Sacramento, CA 62 40 Riverside, CA 56 36 Charlotte, NC 29 18 Pittsburgh, PA 33 21 Portland, OR 48 34 Denver, CO 61 38 Baltimore, MD 39 23 St. Louis, MO 42 25 Tampa, FL 41 27 San Diego, CA 32 19 Minneapolis, MN 36 24 Phoenix, AZ 54 33 Seattle, WA 45 30 Miami, FL 49 32 Detroit, MI 57 35 Boston, MA 53 33 Washington, DC 47 29 Atlanta, GA 57 38 Philadelphia, PA 43 30 Houston, TX 49 33 Dallas, TX 59 37 San Francisco, CA 69 44 Chicago, IL 70 45 Los Angeles, CA 66 43 New York, NY Canales Digitales Total Al Aire Ciudad Cobertura de Ciudades Importantes Los datos representan todas las emisoras que se pueden oír en el mercado 2,124 Emisoras 269 Mercados encuestadas 197 de los 200 mercados más importantes 50 Estados Servidos (+ DC & PR) Población Servida 248M (87% U.S.) Casi 9 de 10 personas en el país están dentro del alcance de una emisora transmitiendo con la Tecnología de HD Radio Número de emisoras digitales 1,308 Canales Multicast 1,067 Canales HD2 229 Canales HD3 12 Canales HD4 Población Servida 227M (78% U.S.) Alcanzando casi 8 de 10 personas en el país Número de canales de Multicast
- 30. . ¿Cuantas Emisoras Están al Aire? Number of Converted Stations Hasta mayo de 2011 Number of Multicast Channels Y-T-D Y-T-D Número de canales de Multicasting Número de emisoras digitales 12 22 20 11 12 14 23 16 17 14 13 12 21 15 17 22 20 18 19 13 16 22 25 24 23 Canales HD2,3,4 62 % 65 % 72 % 64 % 59 % 80 % 72 % 84 % 80 % 53 % 72 % 66 % 77 % 88 % 81 % 73 % 79 % 86 % 89 % 77 % 72 % 68 % 86 % 80 % 75 % % Oyentes de edad 12+ 36 24 Sacramento, CA 62 40 Riverside, CA 56 36 Charlotte, NC 29 18 Pittsburgh, PA 33 21 Portland, OR 48 34 Denver, CO 61 38 Baltimore, MD 39 23 St. Louis, MO 42 25 Tampa, FL 41 27 San Diego, CA 32 19 Minneapolis, MN 36 24 Phoenix, AZ 54 33 Seattle, WA 45 30 Miami, FL 49 32 Detroit, MI 57 35 Boston, MA 53 33 Washington, DC 47 29 Atlanta, GA 57 38 Philadelphia, PA 43 30 Houston, TX 49 33 Dallas, TX 59 37 San Francisco, CA 69 44 Chicago, IL 70 45 Los Angeles, CA 66 43 New York, NY Canales Digitales Total Al Aire Ciudad Cobertura de Ciudades Importantes Los datos representan todas las emisoras que se pueden oír en el mercado
- 31. As of May 2011 ¿Cuantas Emisoras Están al Aire? Population Data U.S. Census Bureau – 2000 Census
- 32. As of January 2011 HD Radio Signals ¿Cuantas Emisoras Están al Aire? Population Data U.S. Census Bureau – 2000 Census
- 34. La Implementación de HD Radio Alrededor del Mundo
- 49. Ventas de Receptores: Crecimiento Fuerte, aunque todavía no alcanza nivel masivo 28 140 366 734 902 Note: Fiscal year ending September 30 Mas de 4.5 millones de receptores vendidos 309 474 536 634 9 476 124 20 251 57 8 16 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Receiver Units (thousands) Portátiles Electrodomésticos Automóviles (OEM) ½ 2011 217 239 565
- 66. Los Trés Métodos para la Combinación de IBOC FM Alto Nivel – Amplificación Separada Bajo Nivel – Amplificación Común La señal IBOC está creada y mezclada en bajo nivel junto con la señal FM analógica. Luego la señal combinada está amplificada por amplificadores lineales RF para lograr la potencia de salida permitida . Las señales analógicas y digitales se crean independientemente y se alimentan a amplificadores separados. Se usa el equipo RF analógico existente. La señal digital se alimenta a un amplificador lineal. Las dos señales de RF se combinan en alto nivel usando un inyector/combinador. Combinación Espacial - Antenas Separadas Las señales digital y analógica están amplificadas y transmitidas por trayectorias completamente independientes. AMP AMP EXC EXC AMP AMP EXC EXC AMP EXC EXC
- 68. Costos de Implementación de HD Radio para Radiodifusores Las emisoras que ya invirtieron en los transmisores modernos de estado sólido tendrán menores costos que las que siguen usando las tecnologías viejas. Sí No
- 73. Costos Aproximados - 25 KW PRA Transmisor FM Linealizado Antena FM – 8 el . 7 kW FM + 70 Watts IBOC US$ 201,000 TOTAL MÁXIMO: $ 60,000 $20,000 Multicasting $ 1,000 Convertidor A/D $18,000 Enlace Digital $ 4,000 Wattmetro $ 4,000 Monitor de Modulación $13,000 Procesador ACCESSORIOS: $141,000 $ 8,000 Cable Coaxial $26,000 Antena $107,000 Transmisor ANALOGICO:
- 74. Costos Aproximados - 10 KW PRA Transmisor FM Linealizado Antena FM – 6 el . 4 kW FM + 40 Watts IBOC US$ 175,000 TOTAL MÁXIMO: $ 60,000 $20,000 Multicasting $ 1,000 Convertidor A/D $18,000 Enlace Digital $ 4,000 Wattmetro $ 4,000 Monitor de Modulación $13,000 Procesador ACCESSORIOS: $141,000 $ 8,000 Cable Coaxial $22,000 Antena $85,000 Transmisor ANALOGICO:
- 75. Transmisor FM Analógico Existente Antena FM 10 kW FM 10 kW FM Agregar un transmisor digital y antena de baja potencia en paralelo con su planta existente para difundir el componente digital de la señal. Equipos Existentes de la Emisora FM Opciones y Costos para Emisoras Existentes : 100 Watts IBOC Transmisor IBOC Antena IBOC Aislador
- 76. Costos Aproximados: 25 KW PRA Transmisor FM Existente Antena FM 5 el. 10 kW FM Antena IBOC – 5 el. 100 Watts IBOC Transmisor IBOC Aislador US$ 117,000 TOTAL EST.: $57,000 $ 3,000 Aislador $ 2,000 Cable Coaxial $ 4,000 Antena $48,000 Transmisor DIGITAL: $ 60,000 $20,000 Multicasting $ 1,000 Convertidor A/D $18,000 Enlace Digital $ 4,000 Wattmetro $ 4,000 Monitor de Modulación $13,000 Procesador ACCESSORIOS:
- 77. Costos Aproximados 10 KW PRA Transmisor FM Existente Antena FM 4 el. 5 kW FM 50 Watts IBOC Excitador IBOC Antena IBOC – 4 el. Aislador US$ 110,000 TOTAL MÁXIMO: $50,000 $ 3,000 Aislador $ 1,000 Cable Coaxial $ 3,000 Antena $43,000 Transmisor DIGITAL: $ 60,000 $20,000 Multicasting $ 1,000 Convertidor A/D $18,000 Enlace Digital $ 4,000 Wattmetro $ 4,000 Monitor de Modulación $13,000 Procesador ACCESSORIOS:
- 94. Un Estudio de Cuatro Emisoras con Potencias Elevadas Normal -20 dB WJRZ FM – Clase A Potencia Elevada -10 dB Cobertura Mejorada @ -10 dBc
- 96. Compatibilidad con las Límites de Emisiones NRSC-5B Máscara Original -20 dBc
- 97. Límites de Emisiones con Potencia Digital Alta La Máscara se aumentó 10 dB -20 dBc -14 dBc -10 dBc Pero la máscara afuera del canal no cambió.
- 101. ¿ Preguntas ? John Schneider Director de Negocios para América Latina [email_address]
Notas del editor
- HD Radio™ Technology – Ready for the Dominican Republic
- Program: Who is iBiquity? How does HD Radio Technology work? Benefits of the technology Multicasting and its possibilities How many stations are on the air? Operations around the world Consumer Receiver Availability New Features of the Technology Revenue and Costs The Regulatory Framework Summary
- Who is iBiquity Digital Corporation? Formed in 2000 by the merger of two research companies: USA Digital Radio and Lucent Technologies The merger created a single company to create the HD Radio system and bring the technology to market. iBiquity issues licenses to transmitter manufacturers, radio broadcasters, semiconductor and receiver manufacturers.
- Who is iBiquity Digital Corporation? Team of 100 people - 2/3 Engineers and Scientists, 1/3 marketing and business. Business teams: radio broadcasting, receiver manufacturers, automobile manufacturers, IC manufacturers, retailers, data applications. Offices: New York, Washington DC and Detroit
- A large variety of investors: Radio broadcasting owners Financial owners Strategic technology owners Media owners
- iBiquity Intellectual Property iBiquity is the only source of IP rights for the HD Radio system: Patents Author’s Rights Trademarks Know-how
- iBiquity Intellectual property 124 United States patents 36 United States patents pending Patent applications in 22 countries. Patents cover the generation and reception of hybrid and full digital signals, coding techniques, signal processing techniques to improve reception, and technologies that make advanced applications possible.
- Licenses for the use of the technology: For Broadcasters: In the United States, the broadcaster pays a license fee directly to iBiquity. Outside the USA, all license fees are included in the equipment costs. The license allows broadcasters to transmit up to three additional audio channels (Multicasting) For Receiver Manufacturers: Regional and Worldwide Agreements One time advance payment Per-unit royalty, based on the wholesale price of the unit.
- What is HD Radio Technology? It’s the technology that: Doesn’t require new spectrum Allows the voluntary and optional transition to digital broadcasting Allows the orderly transition to completely digital broadcasting. Doesn’t require an obligatory “analog shut-down date” Allows the transmission of multiple digital audio channels with high quality Allows the low-cost wireless distribution of data for point-to-multipoint applications
- What is HD Radio Technology? Allows the simultaneous transmission of analog and digital signals Analog receivers continue to work as before Digital receivers pick up the new signals to deliver superior audio quality and new services.
- Flexible implementation – AM and FM modes Flexible implementation in phases: Now - Hybrid: simultaneous analog and digital transmission Future - All digital: fully digital transmission
- HD Radio Technology – FM Hybrid The FM carriers transmit with 1% of the station’s analog power. Al the signals fit within the internationally recognized emissions mask.
- HD Radio Technology – AM Hybrid The analog signal is somewhat reduced in frequency response. The “Core” signal transmits the mono digital audio. The “Enhanced” signal transmits the stereophonic information. These signals also fit inside the emissions mask.
- Easy Transition to Digital The New Receivers are compatible with: * Analog * Hybrid * Full Digital Existing analog receivers continue receiving hybrid mode.
- The Benefits of HD Radio Technology: FOR BROADCASTERS: Adoption is not obligatory – it’s a marketplace decision. Stations maintain their frequencies, coverage, identity. Each station decides when to adopt the hybrid system and when to turn off analog. Multicasting and advanced data applications – with new income to pay the costs of conversion. FOR GOVERNMENT: New spectrum is not needed. Allows an orderly transition to digital. There is no “shut-down” date. FOR THE PUBLIC: Their analog receivers will not be obsolete. There is new programming for those who invest in digital receivers.
- MULTICASTING AND ITS POSSIBILITIES
- FM Multicasting – Multiple Digital Program Channels
- Verbal explanation of the operation of a radio with multicasting.
- How Stations Use Their Multicasting Channels A wide range of new formats are already on the air
- How Stations Use Their Multicasting Channels Local stations are created unique and specialized formats for their markets.
- How Stations Use Their Multicasting Channels Forward-looking sports teams are migrating to HD Radio stations
- Other possibilities for multicasting channels: Specialized programs (can be in combination with ‘streaming’): Classical, jazz and folkloric music News and information channels specialized sports channels social programming Stations directed at university students National or regional coverage through a network of HD2 channels. Programming from other countries (VOA, BBC, Radio Netherlands, Radio France International)
- HOW MANY STATIONS ARE ON THE AIR?
- How many stations are on the air? 2,124 stations 269 surveyed markets 197 of the 200 most important markets 50 states served (plus DC and PR) Population served: 248 M (87% of the US) Almost 9 out of 10 people in the country are within range of a station transmitting with HD Radio technology 1308 multicasting channels 1,067 HD2 channels 229 HD3 channels 12 HD4 channels Population served: 227 M (78% of the US) Reaching almost 8 out of 10 people in the country. Coverage of important cities ...
- Same slide as before, except substitutes graphs for statistics.
- How many stations are on the air?
- How many stations are on the air?
- HD Radio Implementation around the world
- Implementation status - Panama: On May 11, 2009, the President of the Republic of Panama signed a decree that established IBOC technology as the official digital radio standard in the country. It became the first country in Latin America to adopt a digital radio standard. Antena8 FM was the first station to operate with the technology in Panama. There are now three stations on the air.
- Implementation status – Mexico On June 16, Mexican President Felipe Calderón announced the official adoption of HD Radio Technology as the official national digital radio standard. Adoption is voluntary and optional for any AM or FM station in the country.
- Implementation status – Mexico There are more than ten stations operating in the country – some since 2008. And many other stations are now installing digital equipment.
- Implementation Status – the Caribbean Puerto Rico already has authorization from the FCC. Operations have taken place in the Dominican Republic since 2008. Stations are on the air in Jamaica and Trinidad
- Implementation status – Brazil The first HD Radio station went on the air in 2005. There are currently 25 stations with HD Radio equipment installed. Brazilian broadcasters and regulators thoroughly tested the system in 2008. But until now the Ministry of Communications has not selected a standard.
- Implementation Status in the Rest of the World ASIA: HD Radio Technology is the official digital radio standard in the Philippines. Stations have been operating there for several years. Fatima Broadcasting in Thailand has been operating for several years. Vietnam has 3 HD Radio stations operating. They combined with the ABU for training and field tests. Indonesia has tested AM as well as FM. South Korea began laboratory tests in 2009. EUROPE: Stations are on the air in Switzerland, Romania and the Ukraine. Field tests include Germany, Poland, the Czech Republic and Bosnia. CANADA: The CBC performed initial field tests; the CRTC and Telecommunications Commission now allow FM operations.
- Receiver availability There is a large variety of models from almost 60 different manufacturers
- Receiver Availability ... and almost 100 different HD Radio receiver models.
- Receiver Availability New portable products
- Receiver availability: There are more than 10,000+ retailers that offer HD Radio receivers.
- Receiver Availability There are 17 vehicle brands currently with HD Radio receivers. Available now or before the end of the year Brands Vehicle models Standard equipment
- SYNC ® With MyFord Touch™ 8 inch LCD screen HD Radio AM/FM reception Song tagging Voice command GPS Navigation screen MP3 player interface Mobile phone interface Bluetooth interface
- Receiver sales: Strong growth, although still not reaching mass level. More than 4.5 million receivers sold.
- Consumer Receiver Availability There are new portable convergence products on the way. PROTOTYPE: Cydle P29A multimedia player and HD Radio receiver PROTOTYPE: KRI HDTV and HD Radio portable receiver (ATSC M/H) Cydle T43H Personal navigator and HD Radio receiver
- HD Radio chips and modules iBiquity has partnered with leading suppliers of chips, receiver modules, tuners. iBiquity supports these manufacturers with a complete package of reference designs, development platforms and test equipment.
- New HD Radio Characteristics that radio can use
- Synchronized Graphics / Album Art Station logos – Album art – Advertisements Album cover art may be shown as well as artist name and title. Station logos or other graphics can be displayed when other images are not available. Advertised products or other graphics can be linked to commercials. Graphics and data are synchronized with audio.
- “ Rewind/Record” and “Live Pause” Audio storage in the receiver: Pause the audio for up to 15 minutes Record a program to playback later.
- EPG: Electronic program guide A new electronic program guide for HD Radio transmissions is now in the final stages of development HD Radio receivers are capable of showing a screen menu with the station’s upcoming programs. Una nueva guía electrónica de programas para las transmisiones de HD Radio ya está en las etapas finales de desarrollo. Los receptores de HD Radio son capaces de mostrar en la pantalla un menu con los próximas programas de la emisoras.
- Conditional Access iBiquity Digital has partnered with NDS to support the RadioGuard™ conditional access system as a basic feature of the system. This encryption scheme will enable HD Radio stations to deliver subscription-based and optional audio and data content, including: Reading services for the blind; Optional specialty programming; Premium traffic & navigation services; Subscription services on supplementary channels; and/or Pay-per-listen programs. Conditional access as a basic feature of the system will allow broadcasters and data providers to develop premium services and increase digital broadcasting’s potential revenue
- Emergency Alert iBiquity Digital has developed ‘Active Radio’, a system for actively alerting the public of time-critical, life threatening situations. The feature may be supported by any FM or AM station broadcasting with HD Radio Technology, utilizing built-in capabilities. Receivers supporting the application could warn people of emergencies. These warnings can be received even if the receiver is turned off. Both audio and text alert messages are supported. Emergency Alert capability increases the public’s reliance on your radio station as a source of essential information. Weather forecast alert => Encoding equipment => Transmitter
- Emergency Alert: Saving Lives On April 16, 2011, WTGE-FM (100.7) in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, was the first FM HD Radio station in the country to transmit an emergency message delivered by satellite, using HD Radio Technology. It transmitted audio and text alerts by means of an HD Radio channel, and text using the RDS system for analog receivers. With local experience with hurricanes “Katrina” and “Gustav”, the station recognized that radio broadcasting is the only means of emergency communications that is reliable and available to the public.
- Emergency Alert: Rescuing Kidnapped Persons “Active Alert” can transmit any message to a mass audience – audio, text and images. “Child Rescue” was demonstrated at the CES Show in Washington in May. It is a way to rapidly transmit information and images about kidnapped persons.
- Single Frequency Networks (SFN) HD Radio technology supports waveform exactness and frame alignment that is necessary to support single frequency networking.
- Improving FM coverage using an SFN repeater Test measurements of an SFM repeater constructed by iBiquity in Baltimore, Maryland.
- REVENUES AND COSTS
- How Stations Make Money with the Technology: In reality, you have up to three new stations to commercialize. Create new programming and sell spots in combination with your main station. Sell the complete sponsorship of a channel to a single client Rent the channel to third parties for special interest programming – either full time or in blocks. Sell text messages and/or images together with your normal spots, to offer added value for the sale of publicity. Sell HD Radio receivers on your web site. Sales are made by third parties who rebate between 4% and 8% to the station. iTunes ® Tagging generates revenues and visibility with the consumer The station receives 5% when a listener buys music heard on his station The iTunes program shows the name of the station to remind the listeners where the heard the song. Additional services that can be sold to generate new revenues: Data companies pay to use part of your digital bandwidth.
- The three combining methods for IBOC FM: Separate Antennas. The digital and analog signals are amplified and transmitted via completely independent paths. High level – Separate Amplification: The analog and digital signals are created independently and feed separate amplifiers. It uses the existing analog RF equipment. The digital signal is fed to a linear amplifier. The two RF signals combine at high level using an injector/combiner. Space Combining – Separate Antennas: The digital and analog signals are amplified and transmitted by completely different paths.
- HD Radio implementation costs for FM stations: The costs of modifying the existing infrastructure of a station to prepare for digital radio: Variable costs – different for each station: Is your transmitter digital ready? Is the antenna ready for digital? Do you have adequate electrical service? Do you have sufficient ventilation and cooling? Do you have a digital STL? Do you have a digital audio processor? Cost of the IBOC Signal generator – approx. US$ 30,000 (license included for the useful life of the equipment) Cost of a second digital FM transmitter and antenna or combiner, if low level combining is not used. (cost defined by the power) Additional cost to implement Multicasting – about US$ 20,000
- Cost of HD Radio implementation for radio broadcasters: Stations that have already invested in modern solid state transmitters will have lower cost than those that continue to use old technologies. yes/no
- Cost of HD Radio implementation for radio broadcasters: FM Antennas: Many existing FM antennas already have sufficient bandwidth to pass the FM HD Radio signal. It will just be necessary to replace some old narrowband antennas.
- Cost of HD Radio implementation for radio broadcasters: Digital STL – yes/no Audio processor – yes/no
- Cost of HD Radio implementation for radio broadcasters: Digital modulation monitor – yes/no Digital wattmeter – yes/no
- Options and costs for existing stations: Installa new modern transmitter that is ready for digital. To transmit with IBOC, simply add an HD Radio signal generator. It’s important to use a transmitter with >30% more capacity than is needed for analog. Digital exciter – capable of creating analog + IBOC signal Linearized FM transmitter
- Approximate costs – 25 KW ERP Total cost $201,000
- Approximate costs – 10 kW ERP Total cost $175,000
- Options and costs for existing stations: Add a digital transmitter and low power antenna in parallel with your existing plant to broadcast the digital component of the signal.
- Approximate costs – 25 KW ERP Total cost $117,000.
- Approximate cost – 10 kW ERP Total cost $110,000
- HD Radio Implementation Costs for Radio Broadcasters: What is needed for AM stations? Harris DAX-5 (complies) Western Electric 106-C (Doesn’t comply)
- HD Radio Implementation Costs for Radio Broadcasters: What is needed for AM stations? (verbal explanation)
- Specifications for an AM antenna. Hermitian Symmetry in the RF waveform within +/- 5 kHz. The sidebands should be as symmetrical as possible. Correct tuning of the antenna. Maintain the magnitude and phase signals in their correct quadrature relationship (45 °) . Minimize crosstalk: Digital to analog, analog to digital The symmetry is determined in the location inside the transmitters where all amplifiers are summed. The transmitter’s load should be as amplitude and phase symmetrical as possible, to maintain the proper digital carrier relationships. Symmetry should be measured in the transmitter at the summing point of all the amplifiers.
- The Regulatory Framework of IBOC Technology
- U.S. Regulatory timeline The FCC started to examine the IBOC system in 1999 1999-2000 – laboratory AM and FM tests November 2001 – the NRSC endorses the IBOC FM system. April 2002 – the NRSC endorses IBOC AM October 2002 – the FCC authorizes stations to begin digital transmissions. It limits AM services to daytime hours pending more nighttime tests. 2005 – the NRSC adopts the NRSC-5 standard. 2007 – the FCC expands its digital authorization, allowing AM nighttime service and continuing fulltime FM service. 2008 – the FCC considers increasing FM digital power levels and authorizing new services. 2010 – the FCC allows FM operation with elevated power.
- The NRSC Standard After a long test program, the NRSC (National Radio Systems Committee) adopted the NRSC-5 standard in 2005. Now called NRSC-5B, the standard documents the AM and FM systems. The NRSC-5B contains full documentation of the IBOC system, and is available at www.nrscstandards.org. iBiquity committed to license its patents with reasonable and non-discriminatory terms as a part of the standards-setting process.
- The NRSC-5B standard The standard includes a 44 pages overview, a detailed technical description of the system and an explanation of the services supported by the technology. It also includes ten detailed system documents prepared by iBiquity for the AM and FM systems. The standard discusses: The transmission system, and coding and modulation techniques. The main program service, the station information service, the supplemental programming service and the advanced applications service. Modes of operation Interfaces for data services.
- The International Telecommunications Union (ITU) The IBOC system was recommended for digital transmission in the VHF bands in Recommendation ITU-R BS.1114. The HD Radio system is identified as “Digital System C” The IBOC AM system was recommended for digital radio broadcasting in the bands below 30 MHz in Recommendation ITU-R BS.1514. The HD Radio system is called the “IBOC DSB System”. iBiquity continues to work actively with the ITU and other international standards organization (including ETSI in Europe).
- Regulatory Treatment of HD Radio Technology in the USA The FCC concluded that the IBOC system was the best way to achieve its policy objectives. The FCC did not consider any alternative method for terrestrial digital radio. All AM and FM stations are authorized to transmit in digital without the requirement for authorization or a separate license. The stations that convert to digital must notify the FCC within ten days of their conversion. AM as well as FM stations can offer full time digital transmissions. The main digital channel must simultaneously transmit the analog program. The main digital channel must be at least comparable in sound quality with the existing analog transmissions. At least one programming channel must remain free of charge. All transmissions must comply with the digital mask that iBiquity published.
- Regulatory Treatment of HD Radio Technology in the USA Stations can use hybrid or extended hybrid mode Stations can determine how many bits will be allocated to each audio or data service. FM stations can use common antennas or separate antennas for their analog and digital services. The existing rules (station identifications, public interest obligations) will apply to digital transmissions. The FCC did not impose any unique public interest obligation on digital radio – no additional public service obligations. AM stations can reduce their digital power up to 6 dB without FCC authorization if needed to eliminate digital interference. Unlike television, there is not an obligatory deadline to complete the conversion to digital.
- Regulatory treatment – Multicasting and Datacasting Stations can allocate their capacity between the main channel (simultaneous transmission) and new audio and/or data services – BUT, the main channel must be at least equal in quality to the analog channel. Stations may rent their multicasting channels to third parties. Stations must separately identify each Multicasting channel. No minimum number of transmission hours was set for Multicasting channels.
- FCC Notification requirements The call sign and identification number of the station. The date when operations with the IBOC system will begin. A certification that the IBOC installations comply with permitted hybrid specifications. The name and phone number of a technical representative that the FCC can call in case of interference. A certification that the analog Effective Radiated Power (ERP) will continue at its authorized level. The output power of the transmitter; if separate analog and digital transmitters are used, the output power of each transmitter.
- FCC notification requirements If applicable, any reduction in the primary digital carriers of an AM station. If applicable, the geographic coordinates, elevation data and file number of the auxiliary antenna license if it is also being utilized by an FM station as a separate digital antenna. If applicable, for FM statioins using interleaved FM antennas, a certification that adequate filtering is being used, and/or that isolation equipment has been installed to prevent spurious emissions; Certification that the operation will not cause human radiofrequency radiation exposure above FCC limits.
- Separate antennas The FCC has authorized FM stations to use separate antennas for its digital transmissions. In general, stations can use an emergency antenna to transmit its digital service. When separate antennas are used, the digital antenna: Must be an auxiliary antenna licensed by the station; Must be located within 3 seconds of latitude and logitude of the analog antenna. The center of radiation must have a height above average terrain (HAAT) between 70% and 100% of the height above average terrain of the analog antenna. These rules were defined to minimize interference between the analog and digital signals.
- Optional power increase for digital FM power: Reason for increased levels Improve penetration into buildings and homes Portable receivers: Inefficient antennas Equalize digital and analog coverages It is generally accepted that the current –20 dB digital coverage is less than the analog Overcome sources of human noise and interference Analog – gracefully degrades Digital – loss of signal
- A Study of Four Stations Operating with Digital Power Coverage – WJRZ FM Class A Normal -20 dB High power -10 dB Improved coverage @ -10 dBc
- A Study of Four Stations Operating with Digital Power Test Results: Digital Performance: An increase of 25-33% in coverage was noted (without regard to station class) in areas not limited by terrain. The digital and analog coverages were equal Typically survived the 10 dB building penetration attenuation Analog Compatibility: The impact was limited to areas outside of the protected contour The impact area was limited to an oval-shaped region between the stations Thermal and man-made noise masked the majority of the increased interference
- Compatibility – NRSC-5-B Emission Limits Original mask
- High Digital Power- Proposed Emission Limits The mask was increased by 10 dB But the mask doesn’t change outside the channel
- FM Digital Power Increase in the United States After many millions of hours of HD Radio operations, the U.S. FCC stated “the bureau has not received any well-documented complaints of interference to analog FM stations from digital signals”. In a ruling on 27 January, 2010, the FCC authorized stations to increase digital power. The new rules: Allow most FM stations to immediately increase digital power by up to 6dB (a x4 increase). Establish procedures for stations to request a power increase up to 10dB. Establish procedures to resolve complaints about interference.
- In Summary: HD Radio Technology ... Provides additional new business opportunities Provides enhanced audio quality for both AM and FM Provides new marketplace growth potential Provides potential current and future new revenue sources Provides unlimited opportunities to target new audiences Provides station positioning as leading-edge, tech-savvy Provides natural line extensions for your station’s brand Provides growth path for smaller advertisers
- Questions? John Schneider Director of Business for Latin America [email_address]