Aplicación del principio de Le Châtelier en el proceso de Haber-Bosch
¿Qué condiciones favorecerían el proceso de Haber-Bosch para preparar amoniaco: N2(g) + 3H2(g) = 2NH3(g) , que es exotérmica?
Reaccion quimica 3.Equilibrio químico - 02 Principio de Le Châtelier en el proceso Haber-Bosch
1. Problemas y ejercicios de
Reacción Química
Tema 3: Equilibrio químico
Aplicación del principio de Le Châtelier en el
proceso de Haber-Bosch
triplenlace.com/ejercicios-y-problemas
2. Curso Básico de Reactividad Química
http://triplenlace.com/CBRQ/
Este ejercicio pertenece al
3. ¿Qué condiciones favorecerían el proceso de Haber-Bosch para preparar amoniaco:
N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) ,
que es exotérmica?
triplenlace.com
Consejo
Trate de resolver este ejercicio (y todos) por sí
mismo/a antes de ver las soluciones. Si no lo intenta,
no lo asimilará bien.
4. triplenlace.com
Información histórica sobre el proceso de
Haber-Bosch aquí:
¿Qué condiciones favorecerían el proceso de Haber-Bosch para preparar amoniaco:
N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) ,
que es exotérmica?
5. N2(g) NH3(g)+ H2(g)3 2
triplenlace.com
El proceso Haber-Bosch consiste en la obtención
directa de amoniaco a partir de sus elementos
contituyentes
¿Qué condiciones favorecerían el proceso de Haber-Bosch para preparar amoniaco:
N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) ,
que es exotérmica?
6. N2(g) NH3(g)+ H2(g)3 2
triplenlace.com
¿Qué condiciones favorecerían el proceso de Haber-Bosch para preparar amoniaco:
N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) ,
que es exotérmica?
7. N2(g) NH3(g)+ H2(g)3 2
triplenlace.com
Es un proceso industrialmente complicado…
¿Qué condiciones favorecerían el proceso de Haber-Bosch para preparar amoniaco:
N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) ,
que es exotérmica?
8. N2(g) NH3(g)+ H2(g)3 2
triplenlace.com
patentado en 1908 pero desarrollado durante la primera guerra
mundial por los alemanes al verse privados del nitrato de Chile y el
guano del Perú.
¿Qué condiciones favorecerían el proceso de Haber-Bosch para preparar amoniaco:
N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) ,
que es exotérmica?
9. N2(g) NH3(g)+ H2(g)3 2
triplenlace.com
¿Qué hay que hacer para favorecer el proceso?
¿Qué condiciones favorecerían el proceso de Haber-Bosch para preparar amoniaco:
N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) ,
que es exotérmica?
10. N2(g) NH3(g)+
Bajar la temperatura
H2(g)3 2
triplenlace.com
Como es exotérmico, eso quiere decir que el calor (Q) podemos
considerarlo del lado de los productos (derecha de la ecuación).
Por lo tanto, si aumentamos el “producto Q” el equilibrio
responderá disminuyéndolo* dicho producto o, dicho de otra
manera, aumentando los reactivos. Por eso debemos disminuir T
*Principio de Le Châtelier: El sistema responde a una alteración del equilibrio en sentido
contrario a dicha alteración.
¿Qué condiciones favorecerían el proceso de Haber-Bosch para preparar amoniaco:
N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) ,
que es exotérmica?
11. N2(g) NH3(g)+
Bajar la temperatura
H2(g)3 2
triplenlace.com
(En la práctica la reacción tampoco se puede llevar a cabo a T muy
baja porque enconces es muy lenta, pero esa es una consideración
cinética, no termodinámica)
¿Qué condiciones favorecerían el proceso de Haber-Bosch para preparar amoniaco:
N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) ,
que es exotérmica?
12. N2(g) NH3(g)+
Bajar la temperatura
H2(g)3 2
Aumentar la presión
triplenlace.com
Hay más moles de gases en los reactivos (4) que en los productos
(2); es decir, los reactivos ejercen más presión. Si aumentamos la
presión externa, el sistema responderá tratando de bajarla, es
decir, desplazando el equilibrio hacia la formación de amoniaco.
¿Qué condiciones favorecerían el proceso de Haber-Bosch para preparar amoniaco:
N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) ,
que es exotérmica?
13. N2(g) NH3(g)+
Bajar la temperatura
H2(g)3 2
Aumentar la presión
triplenlace.com
El reto tecnológico de la implementación
industrial del proceso Haber-Bosch fue
precisamente diseñar reactores que soportaran
las altas presiones requeridas
¿Qué condiciones favorecerían el proceso de Haber-Bosch para preparar amoniaco:
N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) ,
que es exotérmica?
14. N2(g) NH3(g)+
Bajar la temperatura
H2(g)3 2
Aumentar la presión
Retirar el NH3 que se vaya formando (o añadir reactivos)
triplenlace.com
Al retirar productos el sistema reacciona produciendo más. Al
agregar reactvos el sistema reacciona disminuyéndolos (es decir,
produciendo más amoniaco)
¿Qué condiciones favorecerían el proceso de Haber-Bosch para preparar amoniaco:
N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) ,
que es exotérmica?
15. N2(g) NH3(g)+
Bajar la temperatura
H2(g)3 2
Aumentar la presión
Retirar el NH3 que se vaya formando (o añadir reactivos)
Agregar un catalizador
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Un catalizador no altera el equilibrio, pero acelera la llegada al
equilibrio
¿Qué condiciones favorecerían el proceso de Haber-Bosch para preparar amoniaco:
N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) ,
que es exotérmica?
16. Problemas del
Curso Básico de Reactividad Química
http://triplenlace.com/problemas-de-reaccion-
quimica/
Más…
Fritz Haber (9 December 1868 – 29 January 1934) was a German chemist, who received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1918 for his development for synthesizing ammonia, important for fertilizers and explosives. Haber, along with Max Born, proposed the Born–Haber cycle as a method for evaluating the lattice energy of an ionic solid. He has also been described as the "father of chemical warfare" for his work developing and deploying chlorine and other poisonous gases during World War I. In the 1920s, Haber searched exhaustively for a method to extract gold from sea water, and published a number of scientific papers on the subject. After years of research, he concluded that the concentration of gold dissolved in sea water was much lower than those reported by earlier researchers, and that gold extraction from sea water was uneconomic.[13]
Haber's genius was recognized by the Nazis, who offered him special funding to continue his research on weapons. As a result of fellow Jewish scientists having already been prohibited from working in that field, he left Germany in 1933. His Nobel Prize-winning work in chemistry, and subsequent contributions to Germany's war efforts in the form of chemical fertilizers, explosives and poison munitions, were not enough to prevent eventual vilification of his heritage by the Nazi regime. The Nazis refined Haber's original work, Zyklon A, into Zyklon B, a more lethal variant.[14] During the Holocaust it was used in the gas chambers at Auschwitz-Birkenau and other camps in the Nazi campaign to exterminate Jews, Gypsies and others viewed by the Third Reich as inferior races or socially unwanted.
Carl Bosch (27 August 1874 – 26 April 1940) was a German chemist and engineer and Nobel laureate in hemistry.[1] He was a pioneer in the field of high-pressure industrial chemistry and founder of IG Farben, at one point the world's largest chemical company. In 1899 he took an entry level job at BASF, then Germany's largest chemical and dye firm. From 1909 until 1913 he transformed Fritz Haber's tabletop demonstration of a method to fix nitrogen using high pressure chemistry into an important industrial process to produce megatons of fertilizer and explosives. The fully developed system is called the Haber–Bosch process. After World War I Bosch extended high-pressure techniques to the production of synthetic fuel and methanol. In 1925 Bosch helped found and was the first head of IG Farben and from 1935 chairman of the board of directors. He received the Siemens-Ring in 1924 for his contributions to applied research and his support of basic research. In 1931 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry together with Friedrich Bergius for the introduction of high pressure chemistry.
Fritz Haber (9 December 1868 – 29 January 1934) was a German chemist, who received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1918 for his development for synthesizing ammonia, important for fertilizers and explosives. Haber, along with Max Born, proposed the Born–Haber cycle as a method for evaluating the lattice energy of an ionic solid. He has also been described as the "father of chemical warfare" for his work developing and deploying chlorine and other poisonous gases during World War I. In the 1920s, Haber searched exhaustively for a method to extract gold from sea water, and published a number of scientific papers on the subject. After years of research, he concluded that the concentration of gold dissolved in sea water was much lower than those reported by earlier researchers, and that gold extraction from sea water was uneconomic.[13]
Haber's genius was recognized by the Nazis, who offered him special funding to continue his research on weapons. As a result of fellow Jewish scientists having already been prohibited from working in that field, he left Germany in 1933. His Nobel Prize-winning work in chemistry, and subsequent contributions to Germany's war efforts in the form of chemical fertilizers, explosives and poison munitions, were not enough to prevent eventual vilification of his heritage by the Nazi regime. The Nazis refined Haber's original work, Zyklon A, into Zyklon B, a more lethal variant.[14] During the Holocaust it was used in the gas chambers at Auschwitz-Birkenau and other camps in the Nazi campaign to exterminate Jews, Gypsies and others viewed by the Third Reich as inferior races or socially unwanted.
Carl Bosch (27 August 1874 – 26 April 1940) was a German chemist and engineer and Nobel laureate in hemistry.[1] He was a pioneer in the field of high-pressure industrial chemistry and founder of IG Farben, at one point the world's largest chemical company. In 1899 he took an entry level job at BASF, then Germany's largest chemical and dye firm. From 1909 until 1913 he transformed Fritz Haber's tabletop demonstration of a method to fix nitrogen using high pressure chemistry into an important industrial process to produce megatons of fertilizer and explosives. The fully developed system is called the Haber–Bosch process. After World War I Bosch extended high-pressure techniques to the production of synthetic fuel and methanol. In 1925 Bosch helped found and was the first head of IG Farben and from 1935 chairman of the board of directors. He received the Siemens-Ring in 1924 for his contributions to applied research and his support of basic research. In 1931 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry together with Friedrich Bergius for the introduction of high pressure chemistry.
Fritz Haber (9 December 1868 – 29 January 1934) was a German chemist, who received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1918 for his development for synthesizing ammonia, important for fertilizers and explosives. Haber, along with Max Born, proposed the Born–Haber cycle as a method for evaluating the lattice energy of an ionic solid. He has also been described as the "father of chemical warfare" for his work developing and deploying chlorine and other poisonous gases during World War I. In the 1920s, Haber searched exhaustively for a method to extract gold from sea water, and published a number of scientific papers on the subject. After years of research, he concluded that the concentration of gold dissolved in sea water was much lower than those reported by earlier researchers, and that gold extraction from sea water was uneconomic.[13]
Haber's genius was recognized by the Nazis, who offered him special funding to continue his research on weapons. As a result of fellow Jewish scientists having already been prohibited from working in that field, he left Germany in 1933. His Nobel Prize-winning work in chemistry, and subsequent contributions to Germany's war efforts in the form of chemical fertilizers, explosives and poison munitions, were not enough to prevent eventual vilification of his heritage by the Nazi regime. The Nazis refined Haber's original work, Zyklon A, into Zyklon B, a more lethal variant.[14] During the Holocaust it was used in the gas chambers at Auschwitz-Birkenau and other camps in the Nazi campaign to exterminate Jews, Gypsies and others viewed by the Third Reich as inferior races or socially unwanted.
Carl Bosch (27 August 1874 – 26 April 1940) was a German chemist and engineer and Nobel laureate in hemistry.[1] He was a pioneer in the field of high-pressure industrial chemistry and founder of IG Farben, at one point the world's largest chemical company. In 1899 he took an entry level job at BASF, then Germany's largest chemical and dye firm. From 1909 until 1913 he transformed Fritz Haber's tabletop demonstration of a method to fix nitrogen using high pressure chemistry into an important industrial process to produce megatons of fertilizer and explosives. The fully developed system is called the Haber–Bosch process. After World War I Bosch extended high-pressure techniques to the production of synthetic fuel and methanol. In 1925 Bosch helped found and was the first head of IG Farben and from 1935 chairman of the board of directors. He received the Siemens-Ring in 1924 for his contributions to applied research and his support of basic research. In 1931 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry together with Friedrich Bergius for the introduction of high pressure chemistry.
Fritz Haber (9 December 1868 – 29 January 1934) was a German chemist, who received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1918 for his development for synthesizing ammonia, important for fertilizers and explosives. Haber, along with Max Born, proposed the Born–Haber cycle as a method for evaluating the lattice energy of an ionic solid. He has also been described as the "father of chemical warfare" for his work developing and deploying chlorine and other poisonous gases during World War I. In the 1920s, Haber searched exhaustively for a method to extract gold from sea water, and published a number of scientific papers on the subject. After years of research, he concluded that the concentration of gold dissolved in sea water was much lower than those reported by earlier researchers, and that gold extraction from sea water was uneconomic.[13]
Haber's genius was recognized by the Nazis, who offered him special funding to continue his research on weapons. As a result of fellow Jewish scientists having already been prohibited from working in that field, he left Germany in 1933. His Nobel Prize-winning work in chemistry, and subsequent contributions to Germany's war efforts in the form of chemical fertilizers, explosives and poison munitions, were not enough to prevent eventual vilification of his heritage by the Nazi regime. The Nazis refined Haber's original work, Zyklon A, into Zyklon B, a more lethal variant.[14] During the Holocaust it was used in the gas chambers at Auschwitz-Birkenau and other camps in the Nazi campaign to exterminate Jews, Gypsies and others viewed by the Third Reich as inferior races or socially unwanted.
Carl Bosch (27 August 1874 – 26 April 1940) was a German chemist and engineer and Nobel laureate in hemistry.[1] He was a pioneer in the field of high-pressure industrial chemistry and founder of IG Farben, at one point the world's largest chemical company. In 1899 he took an entry level job at BASF, then Germany's largest chemical and dye firm. From 1909 until 1913 he transformed Fritz Haber's tabletop demonstration of a method to fix nitrogen using high pressure chemistry into an important industrial process to produce megatons of fertilizer and explosives. The fully developed system is called the Haber–Bosch process. After World War I Bosch extended high-pressure techniques to the production of synthetic fuel and methanol. In 1925 Bosch helped found and was the first head of IG Farben and from 1935 chairman of the board of directors. He received the Siemens-Ring in 1924 for his contributions to applied research and his support of basic research. In 1931 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry together with Friedrich Bergius for the introduction of high pressure chemistry.
Henri-Louis Le Châtelier (1850-1936), químico industrial francés,
Explosión de la planta de amoniaco de Oppau, en 1921
Henri-Louis Le Châtelier (1850-1936), químico industrial francés,
Henri-Louis Le Châtelier (1850-1936), químico industrial francés,
Henri-Louis Le Châtelier (1850-1936), químico industrial francés,
Henri-Louis Le Châtelier (1850-1936), químico industrial francés,
Henri-Louis Le Châtelier (1850-1936), químico industrial francés,
Henri-Louis Le Châtelier (1850-1936), químico industrial francés,
Henri-Louis Le Châtelier (1850-1936), químico industrial francés,
