2. Mohinder Singh
Dean, LTA Academy
Institutional Management Of The
Singapore Mobility System
Mohinder Singh
Dean, LTA Academy
Singapore
3. • Overview of Singapore’s Land Transport
System
• Transport Polices and Strategies
• Integrated Master Planning & Development
• Institutional Integration
• Integration of Transport Modes & Systems
Outline of Presentation
6. Land Transport
Road Network
- Expressway Network
Vehicle Population
Car Population
MRT
LRT
Buses
Taxis
3,426 km
161 km
970, 000
620,000
148.9km
28.8 km
4,200
28,000
As at end 2012
7. 0.9 million 2.6 million 3.5 million
Daily Taxi
trips
Daily Rail
trips
Daily Bus
trips
Passenger Transport Mode Share
Average daily travel figures for the year 2012
Total PT Trips – 7.0 million
9. Integrate
transport and
land use planning
Develop
road network
and maximise
its capacity
Manage
private transport
demand
Improve
public transport
Land Transport Strategies
10. Managing Private Transport
Demand
• Raising the costs of Vehicle Ownership
• Charging for Road Usage
Usage
Restraint
Ownership
Control
Not Economically nor environmentally sustainable to keep
building roads to meet the ever increasing demand for road space!
12. Road Pricing: Area Licensing Scheme (ALS)
Restricted
Zone
Ang Mo Kio
CB
D
Bukit
Timah
Ang Mo Kio
CBD
Bukit
Timah
• Implemented in 1975
• Reduced traffic entering the
Restricted Zone (RZ)
13. 65 kph45 kph
Increase
ERP rate
Decrease
ERP rate
Expressways
30 kph20 kph
Increase
ERP rate
Decrease
ERP rate
Arterial Roads
Electronic Road Pricing (ERP)
ERP Rates reviewed every 3 months
To ensure optimal use of road space
ERP is a congestion management
tool which optimises the use of
road capacity through the pricing
of roads
Flexible – rates vary by
location/time, based on local
traffic conditions
Equitable – motorists pay for
congestion costs imposed on
others or choose to travel at
different time/route/use public
transport
15. Transport systems have always influenced the urban structure
of cities
Public transport shaped cities at the end of 19th and beginning
of 20th century
Dense and compact city centres
Street grids and buildings oriented towards public transport
Outward growth along railway lines and tramways
Transport and Urban Planning
16. In the last 50 – 80 years, a tremendous increase in the use of
the private car.
Parallel development of road infrastructure and parking spaces
urban and suburban development along highway corridors
dispersed, low density, segregated uses
urban sprawl
Little regard for public transport
Transport and Urban Planning
17. Classical model of sustainable urban development typically
features:
Urban development clustered along transit lines
Pyramids of local density rising to peaks around public
transport stations
Stations served as locations for concentration of public and
private services, and hubs for employment
Integrating Transport and Urban Planning
18. • In 1967, the government commissioned the State
and City Planning (SCP) project to examine
urban planning and transportation development
• 4 year planning and studying process led to the
1971 Concept Plan - Singapore’s first integrated
land use and transport development plan
Integrating Transport & Urban Planning - Singapore
19. Concept Plan
Transportation Plan
Integrating Transport and Urban Planning - Singapore
20. Integrated Planning - SCP Concept Plan 1972
Blueprint to guide physical
development
Developments in ring pattern
around Central Catchment
Road and rail network
connects developments
around the island
22. Planning Process
Planning
Feasibility Studies
Concept Plan
Master Plan
Road Development
Program
Rail Lines
Implementation Plan
Long term plans
Medium term plans
Near term plans
40 – 50 years
10-15 years
5-10 years
Bus routes and
infrastructure
development
Taking a Strategic Long Term View
23. Integrated Planning
• Increase commuters’
walkability and accessibility
• Reduce need of car
dependency
• Promote high density,
compact public transport-
centric urban fabric
• Safeguard future transport
corridors
Integration of Transport and Housing estates
27. Institutional Management
Land Transport Sector
Public Transport
Council (PTC)
Maritime Port
Authority (MPA)
Civil Aviation Authority of
Singapore (CAAS)
Land Transport
Authority (LTA)
Ministry of Transport (MOT)
28. Land Transport Authority
• Established in 1995
• Vision: A People-centred land transport
system
• Mission: To provide an efficient and cost-
effective land transport system for different
needs
• Rationale:
- A single authority to coordinate Singapore’s
transport plans (private and public transport)
and infrastructure building
29. Public Transport Council (PTC)
• An independent body established in 1987
• Members are from a wide spectrum of society
• Regulates
• bus service
• bus service operators
• ticket payment services
• bus & rapid transit system fares
34. Existing Rail Lines
34Newly Announced Rail Lines
Land Transport Master Plan 2008 Rail Lines
178 km today 360 km by 2030
8 in 10 households within a 10-
minute walk of a rail station
Rail Network by 2030
5-minute walk to a rail station
within the city centre
36. Rail:
Operators compete for rights to operate new lines
Duopoly
Dominated by 2 multi-modal operators, SMRT & SBST
No Operational subsidy
Operators can internalise cross-subsidies between
profitable & non-profitable modes & services
Bus:
Operators assigned Areas of Responsibilities (AoRs)
PT Industry Structure
37. Rapid Transit System
• MRT serves the heavy transit corridors
• 2 RTS Operators - SMRT & SBS Transit
• 178 km of MRT & LRT Lines
• Fares and services are regulated
34,3
45,6
55,1
31,1
34,5
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Singapore New York London Hong Kong Tokyo
Rail Density (km/ mil ppl)
Note: Data as of 2010-2011
Comparison of Rail Density
Singapore vs Other Cities
38. • Provide comprehensive coverage
• 2 bus operators - SMRT Buses &
SBS Transit
– Assigned areas of responsibility
• > 340 scheduled services
• > 4,000 fleet
• Fares and service are regulated
Buses
39. The Role of Buses
HDB Towns Transport Hub City
Town A
Town B
Town C
• Feeder to/from MRT
• Long-haul journeys in corridors not yet
well served by MRT
• Serve local needs or short journeys
40. • Physical Integration
• Integration of Transport Modes
• Fare Integration
• Information Integration
Integrating Public Transport
41. • A mix of uses
• High density
• Good connectivity
• Transportation Choices
• High quality design
PUNGGOL LRT SYSTEM ROUTE
Integrating transit with developments
43. Sengkang Interchange (cross section)
Bus Interchange
MRT
LRT Commercial
Residential
Activity Plaza
Concourse
44. 20
Future Clementi Hub
(artist impression)
Ang Mo Kio Hub
Sengkang
Joo Koon
Jurong East
Ang Mo Kio
Bedok
Toa Payoh
Serangoon
Clementi
Boon Lay
Marina South
Sengkang
Toa Payoh
Ang Mo Kio
Boon Lay
Clementi
Future
Bedok
Serangoon
Joo Koon
Jurong East
Marina South
Integrated Public Transport Hubs
45. • Transit stations are designed to integrate
physically with or connected to other transport
facilities.
• Includes bus interchanges, taxi stands and pick
up/drop off points
• Transfer between modes made as “seamless”
and as sheltered as possible
• Network Integration – bus and rail systems
should be an integrated network
• Integrated Fare System
Integrating Transport Modes
46. Integrated Fare System
Entry and exit at rail stations
Bus boarding & alighting
• Enhanced Integrated Fare System (EIFS)
– implemented in 2002
• Contactless smart cards for RTS and
public bus fare collection
• Non-transit applications. E.g. retail
purchases
• Distance Fares
47. Distance Fares was implemented on 3 July 2010
after extensive public communications exercise
Fares are charged on the basis of journey
distance with no transfer penalty
Commuters who make transfers now pay lower
fares when they travel the same route
Removal of transfer penalty encourages
commuters to make transfers if it shortens the
journey distance, because they pay lower fares.
Distance Fares
48. Integrated Public Transport Service Information
MyTransport.SG
•One Stop E-channel for Integrated Public Transport and Motoring Information/Services
• Portal groups transport information according to the travel profiles of commuters
•More than 20 mobile applications are available for download
•Third-party developers able to tap on Singapore’s transport, traffic and geospatial data
Better Services
• Expand Real Time Bus Arrival
Information on SMS
• Through Internet
• Through hotlines
Travel Information System
49. Barrier-Free Accessibility
MRT network
Fully accessible to people with
special mobility needs
Additional lifts at stations
Wheelchair accessible public
buses
Introduced in 2006
By 2020: 100%
Barrier free road facilities
All pedestrian walkways,
access to MRT stations, taxi &
bus shelters, and public roads
will be barrier free
50. Public transport is important in providing
access to jobs
Public Transport Council (PTC)
Regulate fares through fare cap
formula
Tracks proportion of household
income spent on public transport to
ensure affordability
Targeted help for our lower-income
families
Community schemes such as transport
vouchers
Affordable Public Transport
51. Walking – Pedestrian and commuter
facilities
Walk2Ride
Sheltered linkways
Lifts at pedestrian overhead bridges
Enhancing overall walking experience
Cycling
Provide more and better
bicycle lanes,
Parking facilities at public
transport
Allow foldable bicycles on
trains and buses
Non-Motorised Transport