Plasticos principios basicos
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El documento describe las características de los plásticos y polímeros. Los plásticos son materiales compuestos por resinas y otras sustancias que pueden modificar su forma de manera permanente cuando se someten a compresión y calor. Los polímeros son cadenas formadas por la repetición de unidades pequeñas como el carbono e hidrógeno. El documento también lista diferentes tipos comunes de plásticos y polímeros así como sus densidades típicas.
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Polypropylene is a thermoplastic polymer used in a wide variety of applications including packaging, textiles, laboratory equipment, and automotive parts. It was first produced in 1954 by an Italian professor and is commonly used today due to its high heat and chemical resistance. It exists in various grades including homopolymers, block copolymers, and random copolymers. Polypropylene is produced through addition polymerization of the monomer propylene and has a density of 0.946 g/cm3 and melting point of 160°C. It can be processed through techniques like extrusion, blow molding, and injection molding.
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Polypropylene Fibers
Polypropylene fiber is the fourth most popular synthetic fiber. It is made from the polymer polypropylene through processes like gas phase or bulk phase polymerization using catalysts. The fibers are then manufactured through melt spinning and extrusion. Polypropylene fiber has good chemical and physical properties like acid and alkali resistance, low density, and elasticity. However, it has low melting temperature and is difficult to dye. Major applications of polypropylene fiber include nonwovens for products like medical fabrics and construction materials due to its performance and low cost.
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- Advantages of composites like higher strength and stiffness than metals but lower density.
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- Manufacturing processes for composites.
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This document discusses fiber flocculation and its impact on paper formation. It provides information on:
1) How fiber flocs form in the approach flow and headbox but are broken apart on the wire, and how the extent of flocculation affects paper formation.
2) Variables that increase or decrease flocculation such as fiber properties, fluid properties, and process conditions.
3) How formation is measured and its effects on paper properties like printing quality and strength.
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Geotextiles are a permeable synthetic material made of textile materials. They are usually made from polymers such as polyester or polypropylene. The geotextiles are further prepared in three different categories;
Woven geotextile,
Non-woven geotextile.
Now a days Jute are also applied as geotextile.
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Geotextiles are a permeable synthetic material made of textile materials. They are usually made from polymers such as polyester or polypropylene. The geotextiles are further prepared in three different categories;
Woven geotextile,
Non-woven geotextile.
Now a days Jute are also applied as geotextile.
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The document discusses various polymer processing techniques. It begins by explaining that the main goal of polymer processing is to produce usable objects and discusses necessary parameters like rheology, heat transfer, mass transfer, and chemical reactions. It then focuses on extrusion, describing it as shaping material by forcing it through a die. Extrusion is used to produce tubes, pipes, sheets, films and other continuous profiles from thermoplastics and some thermosets. Single screw and twin screw extruders are discussed in detail along with their various zones and applications of extrusion processes. Other molding techniques like injection molding and blow molding are also summarized.
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This document discusses different types and functions of geotextiles. It describes three main types of geotextiles - woven, non-woven, and knitted. Woven geotextiles are manufactured using weaving techniques and are the most common. Non-woven geotextiles are bonded together using thermal, chemical or mechanical processes. The document outlines six main functions of geotextiles: separation, filtration, drainage, reinforcement, sealing and protection. It provides examples of how geotextiles are used in various civil engineering applications such as roads, railways, river banks, drainage and agriculture.
Plastis
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Este documento describe las propiedades y clasificaciones de los plásticos. Explica que los plásticos son sustancias sintéticas compuestas principalmente de carbono que pueden ser moldeadas cuando se calientan o comprimen. Los divide en termoplásticos, que pueden volver a moldearse, y termoestables, que mantienen su forma una vez moldeados. También los clasifica según el monómero base y el tipo de reacción de síntesis involucrada en su producción.
P O L I M E R O S
El documento presenta una introducción a los polímeros. Define polímeros y describe los procesos de polimerización para producir polímeros sintéticos. Explica las clasificaciones de polímeros según su origen, mecanismo de polimerización, estructura de la cadena, y respuesta termo-mecánica. También cubre aditivos comunes, procesamiento, y ejemplos de polímeros como el polietileno, polipropileno y poliestireno.
Plasticos Y Polimeros
El documento trata sobre plásticos y polímeros. Explica que los plásticos son sustancias que pueden moldearse y tomar diferentes formas, y que los polímeros son moléculas grandes formadas por la unión de monómeros. Describe también algunos tipos comunes de plásticos como el PVC y polietileno, así como polímeros como el nylon y polipropileno. Finalmente, resume distintos métodos para procesar plásticos, como la extrusión, inyección y soplado.
Plasticos instrumentacion y control
Este documento trata sobre los plásticos. Explica que los plásticos son polímeros sintéticos formados por la unión de moléculas pequeñas llamadas monómeros. Describe los procesos de fabricación de los plásticos y sus materias primas, como derivados del petróleo. Además, clasifica los plásticos en termoplásticos y termoestables, e identifica algunos plásticos comunes como el PVC, poliestireno y polietileno, describiendo sus usos.
Plasticos Material Explicativo
Este documento proporciona información sobre los plásticos. Explica que los plásticos son polímeros sintéticos formados por la unión de monómeros. Describe los principales tipos de plásticos como el PVC, el poliestireno, el polietileno y el polipropileno. También cubre las propiedades, usos y clasificaciones de los plásticos termoplásticos y termoestables.
Platico taller v ciclo
Este documento presenta una introducción a los plásticos. Define los plásticos y explica que son polímeros derivados del petróleo y gas natural. Describe la historia de los primeros plásticos como el celuloide y la baquelita. Además, clasifica los plásticos en termoplásticos, termoestables y elastómeros, e identifica ejemplos comunes como el PVC, poliestireno, polietileno y resinas epóxido. Finalmente, detalla aplicaciones típicas de varios plásticos com
Como ase sintetiza un material elástico
El documento trata sobre los materiales elásticos y su proceso de síntesis. Explica que los materiales elásticos son polímeros que se encuentran naturalmente o que son sintetizados por el hombre. Luego describe varios métodos para sintetizar materiales elásticos como la pirólisis, hidrogenación, gasificación y chemolisis; y define conceptos como polímeros, monómeros y cadenas moleculares. Finalmente, presenta una práctica de laboratorio para demostrar la resistencia y flexibilidad de las ligas de caucho est
Los PláSticos
El documento describe los plásticos, incluyendo su definición como polímeros de moléculas grandes con carbono, sus aplicaciones diversas, y su clasificación por naturaleza y estructura. Explica los tipos principales de plásticos como termoplásticos, termoestables y elastómeros, y sus propiedades. También cubre los procesos de fabricación como extrusión, moldeo y conformado, así como técnicas de unión y reciclaje.
Los PláSticos
El documento describe los plásticos, incluyendo su definición como polímeros de moléculas grandes con carbono, sus aplicaciones diversas, y su clasificación por naturaleza y estructura. Explica los tipos principales de plásticos como termoplásticos, termoestables y elastómeros, y sus propiedades. También cubre los procesos de fabricación como extrusión, moldeo y conformado, así como técnicas de unión y reciclaje.
LOS PLASTICOS
Este documento trata sobre los plásticos. Explica que los plásticos son polímeros sintéticos derivados principalmente del petróleo que pueden ser moldeados cuando se calientan. Se clasifican en termoplásticos, que pueden moldearse varias veces, y termoestables, que mantienen su forma una vez moldeados. También describe los principales procesos para producir objetos de plástico, como la extrusión, el moldeo por inyección y el termoconformado.
Los plásticos
El documento proporciona información sobre los plásticos. Explica que los plásticos son polímeros formados por la unión de monómeros a través de polimerización. Describe los diferentes tipos de plásticos como termoplásticos y termoestables, así como los polímeros más comunes como PVC, poliestireno, polietileno, polipropileno y policarbonato. También cubre las propiedades, usos y clasificación de los plásticos.
Presentación1
Este documento habla sobre los plásticos. Explica que los plásticos son polímeros sintéticos derivados principalmente del petróleo que pueden ser moldeados. Describe algunas de sus propiedades como su bajo costo, ligereza y resistencia. También clasifica los plásticos en termoplásticos y termoestables según su comportamiento al calor. Finalmente, menciona la importancia del reciclaje de plásticos debido a que no son biodegradables.
el plastico
El documento habla sobre los plásticos. Explica que los plásticos son materiales orgánicos producidos a partir de sustancias naturales o petróleo. Se clasifican según su proceso de síntesis o monómero base, y pueden ser termoplásticos o termoestables dependiendo de su comportamiento ante el calor. El documento también cubre las propiedades, usos y métodos de clasificación de los plásticos.
Plásticos
El documento proporciona información sobre los plásticos. Explica que los plásticos son polímeros sintéticos derivados principalmente del petróleo que pueden ser moldeados y tienen propiedades como bajo peso y resistencia. Además, describe la historia de los primeros plásticos, las propiedades y clasificaciones de los plásticos, así como sus usos y problemas ambientales.
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Plasticos principios basicos
- 1. Clase 1 LDI Carolina Meyemberg
- 2. Los plásticos son aquellos materiales que, compuestos por resinas, proteínas y otras sustancias, son fáciles de moldear y pueden modificar su forma de manera permanente a partir de una cierta compresión y temperatura. Un elemento plástico, por lo tanto, tiene características diferentes a un objeto elástico. Por lo general, los plásticos son polímeros que se moldean a partir de la presión y el calor.
- 3. La definición más simple de un polímero es la repetición de muchas unidades pequeñas, generalmente hidrocarburos; un polímero es como una cadena en la que cada unión es una unidad básica, hecha de carbono, hidrógeno, oxígeno, y/o silicio. Estructura del polietileno
- 4. Aunque la composición básica de muchos polímeros es carbono e hidrógeno, (por ejemplo, polipropileno, polibutileno, poliestireno y polimetilpenteno Oxígeno, cloro, flúor, nitrógeno, silicio, fósforo y azufre. El cloruro de Polivinilo (PVC) contiene cloro. El Nylon contiene nitrógeno y oxígeno. El teflón contiene el flúor. El Poliéstireno y el Policarbonato contienen oxígeno. El caucho vulcanizado y Thiokol contienen azufre.
- 5. Hay también algunos polímeros que, en lugar de tener las moléculas de carbono, tienen silicio o moléculas de fósforo. Éstos son considerados como polímeros inorgánicos.
- 6. En la constitución de los plásticos entran los siguientes elementos: a) Materia básica. Puede ser celulosa, caseína, resina, poliuretano, etc. Cada uno de ellos se obtiene haciendo reaccionar uno o dos elementos determinados. b) Cargas. Se añaden a la materia básica con objeto de abaratar el producto obtenido o mejorar sus propiedades físicas, químicas, o mecánicas. Para ello reutilizan fibras textiles, papel, sílice, etc. c) Colorantes. Se añaden con objeto de obtener un plástico con el color deseado. d) Catalizadores. Tienen por finalidad acelerarla reacción química.
- 7. La fabricación de productos sintéticos se realiza, predominantemente, sin arranque de viruta. Normalmente, se lleva a cabo partiendo de la materia prima, que procede del plástico reciclado o bien elaborado químicamente a través del proceso correspondiente. Posteriormente, se hace pasar por los molinos, que la convierten en gránulos, escamas o polvo. Las piezas salen del molde terminadas, es decir, no precisan ningún proceso posterior, excepto la eliminación de rebabas. Los principales métodos de obtención son por prensado, inyección, transferencia, extrusión y soplado.
- 10. Se funden cuando se calientan
- 11. No pueden refundirse para darles una nueva forma. Admiten reciclaje químico
- 12. Presentan una elevada elasticidad
- 13. Denominación DIN Densidad típica Gr/cm3 Poliamida PA (Ertalon / Nylatron / Tecast / Tecamid) 1,15 Polióxido de Metilo POM C Poliacetal - Acetal ( Ertacetal / Tecaform) 1,41 Tereftalato de Polietileno Polyester PET (Arnite /Tecadur / Ertalyte) 1,38 Polietileno PE (Cestilene / Tecafine / PE-UHMW / PE- HD) 0,95 Polipropileno PP (Tecafine) 0,91 Cloruro de Polivinilo PVC rígido 1,42 Cloruro de Polivinilo PVC flexible 1,24 Metacrilato de Polimetilo PMMA (Tecacryl / Plexiglas / Resalit) 1,20 Policarbonato PC (PC1000 / Lexan / Makrolon / Tecanat) 1,20 Politetrafluoretileno PTFE (Tecaflon / Hostaflon) 2,18 Fluoruro de Polivinilideno PVDF (Tecaflon / Solef / Kynar) 1,78 Polietercetona PEEK (ketron Peek / Tecapeek / Victrex) 1,32 - 1,50 Polisulfona PSU (Tecason / Udel / Ultrason) 1,24 Polietersulfona PES (Tecason / Radel / Ultrason) 1,37 Polieterimida PEI (Ultem / Tecapei) 1,27 Poliimida PI (Vespel / Sintimid) 1,43 - 1,60 Polisulfuro de Fenileno PPS (Tecatron / Forton) 1,43 Polifenilsulfona PPSU (Tecason / Radel) 1,29 Polibenzimidazole PBI (Celazole PBI) 1,30 Poliamidaimida PAI (Torlon PAI / Ensinger PAI) 1,41
- 14. Acrónimos Tablas de densidades Clasicaciones de: HD MD LD